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AICE Psych Ch 1 Research Methods Test prep

Total questions: 78

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

where 2 or more observers record behaviours in a consistent way

a)

inter-rater reliability

b)

mundane realism

c)

split-half reliability

d)

concurrent validity

2.

Which type of question is a statement inviting a respondent to select an option from strongly agree to disagree

a)

rating scale

b)

open question

c)

closed question

d)

Likert scale

3.

it can be difficult to get informed consent in a

a)

quasi experiment

b)

field experiment

c)

lab experiment

d)

controlled observation

4.

Matched pairs is a type of

a)

experimental design

b)

experimental control

c)

experimental method

d)

extraneous variable

5.

Using the same procedure for all participants is...

a)

randomisation

b)

counterbalancing

c)

blinding

d)

standardisation

6.

Two types of hypotheses are

a)

up and down

b)

left and right

c)

correlational

d)

directional and non-directional

7.

An operationalised variable is one that is

a)

uncontrollable

b)

predictable

c)

measurable

d)

correlational

8.

In an experiment, it is useful to have a control group to

a)

help minimize the effects of volunteer bias

b)

to ensure that the target population is represented

c)

complete a stratified sample

d)

show the effect of the treatment and no other factors

9.
What is a key factor about a Case Study?
a)
Subject to opinion
b)
Studies multiple people
c)
They can be replicated
d)
They can't be replicated
10.

_____________ refers to the extent to which findings can be generalized from the experiment to other settings or situations.

a)

Internal validity

b)

Ecological validity

c)

Population validity

11.
Which answer provides examples of situational variables?
a)
independent variables, dependent variables
b)
time of day, noise level, temperature, location
c)
prior experience, motivation, intelligence, educational background
d)
extraneous variables, confounding variables
12.
Which answer provides examples of participant variables?
a)
independent variables, dependent variables
b)
time of day, noise level, temperature, location
c)
prior experience, motivation, intelligence, educational background
d)
extraneous variables, confounding variables
13.
Which answer lists two measures of the spread of data around the mean?
a)
mode and median
b)
standard deviation and range
c)
inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
d)
scattergrams and boxplots
14.

What does it mean to generalize results?

a)

to let the General make decisions about the results

b)

to reinforce stereotypes

c)

to create a trope

d)

to apply findings based on a sample to a larger group

15.

What is a sample in research?

a)

the whole target population

b)

a piece of food you get to try

c)

an educated guess

d)

only part of the target population

16.

What is a target population?

a)

the whole group you want to study or describe

b)

the population that is practicing for the Hunger Games

c)

population inside the classroom

d)

part of the group you want to study or describe

17.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

18.

Dependent Variable

a)

Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment.

b)

Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter.

19.

Method of intense study of just one individual:

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Experimental Study

c)

Case Study

d)

Survey

20.

In an experiment, the _________________ variable is tested by the researcher to observe its effect(s) on the _________________ variable.

a)

A.independent; dependent

b)

B.first; second

c)

C.dependent; independent

d)

D.research; results

21.

A type of observation conducted in the participants' normal environment without interference from the researchers.

a)

Controlled observation

b)

Naturalistic observation

22.

Measure of central tendency calculated by adding up all scores and dividing by the number of scores in the data set.

a)

Median

b)

Mode

c)

Mean

23.
This research method is a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
a)
Case Study
b)
Survey
c)
Observational
d)
Correlational
e)
Experiments
24.
This is a method of research where an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable).
a)
Experiments
b)
Case Study
c)
Survey
d)
Observational
e)
Correlational
25.
The advantage of this descriptive method of research is that it creates an immense amount of data to be gathered quickly and inexpensively.
a)
Survey
b)
Observational
c)
Correlational
d)
Experiments
e)
Case Study
26.
You psychology professor wants to describe the average score on your first psychology test.  Which measure of central tendency is your professor most likely to use? 
a)
mean
b)
median
c)
mode 
d)
harmonic mean
27.

Identify the type of relationship between weight and price.

a)

The price is never 0 on the graph

b)

As weight increases, price increases

c)

There is a negative linear correlation between weight and price

d)

The price gets high at the end of the graph

28.

The mode is:

a)

The average of all the values

b)

The middle number

c)

The most frequently occurring number

d)

The first number you see

29.
Independent variable is to dependent variable as _________ is to ____________.
a)
hypothesis | conclusion
b)
effect | cause
c)
cause | effect.
d)
conclusion | hypothesis
30.

Cardinal rule of naturalistic observation:

a)

Setting up dependent and independent variables

b)

Research and find enough participants

c)

Not disturbing participants in the study

d)

Getting enough different age groups for study

31.

An individual suffered a major traumatic brain injury after getting in a bad accident at work. If a psychologist wants to know the effects of the trauma, what method would be best?

a)

Naturalistic observation

b)

Case study

c)

Experimental research

d)

Survey

32.

In experimental studies which group receives nothing? In other words, they do not get the variable that is under study.

a)

Experimental group

b)

Control group

33.

This refers to the method of gaining enough participants that represent various backgrounds of people, allowing researchers to generalize results to the larger population:

a)

Full sampling

b)

Double-blind placebo experiment

c)

Random sampling

d)

Naturalistic study

34.

Which of the following is the mode for the data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9?

a)

4

b)

7

c)

9

35.

Which of the following is the median for the data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9?

a)

4

b)

7

c)

9

36.

Which of the following is the mean for the data set: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 15?

a)

4

b)

7

c)

9

37.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

38.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

39.

What kind of relationship?

a)

Positive Correlation

b)

Negative Correlation

c)

No Relationship

40.

Which is a main limitation of observations?

a)

susceptibility to biases

b)

occurs in a natural setting

c)

no control over variables

d)

researcher can get immersed deeply into the studied phenomenon

41.

True/False: A researcher has more control over observations in a lab setting.

a)

True

b)

False

42.

Participants are aware they are being observed.

a)

overt observation

b)

covert observation

c)

naturalistic observation

d)

laboratory observation

43.

A advantage to COVERT observations is that the researcher gets access to groups that might not normally agree to participate in research.

a)

True

b)

False

44.

This is when the researcher/observer becomes part of the observed group.

a)

participant observation

b)

overt observation

c)

naturalistic observation

d)

laboratory observation

45.

True/False: An observer could lose objectivity using the method of participant observation.

a)

True

b)

False

46.

Interviews are helpful when

a)

you want to get insight into attitudes of participants

b)

you want a better understanding of participants' points of view

c)

the subject matter is too sensitive for people to discuss in a group setting

d)

all of the choices

47.

A semi-structured interview

a)

may use a checklist and follow-up questions

b)

has a script of the exact questions

c)

is the most flexible of the interview approaches

48.

A special type of semi-structured interview that is conducted with a group of 6-10 people.

a)

focus group

b)

focused observation

c)

focused interview

d)

focused case study

49.

True/False: A researcher engaged in a case study is not concerned with generalizability of results.

a)

True

b)

False

50.

True/False: Case studies are useful to investigate phenomena that could not be studied otherwise.

a)

True

b)

False

51.
A correlation coefficient of 0.8 is a _______________ and suggests that as one variable ____________, the other variable ______________.
a)
strong positive | increases | increases
b)
weak positive | increases | increases
c)
strong positive | increases | decreases
d)
weak positive | increases | decreases
52.
Which correlation coefficient represents the strongest relationship between variables?
a)
-0.78
b)
0.67
c)
0.85
d)
-0.87
53.
In a study of the effect of a driver training program on driving skill, a possible operationalisation of the dependent variable would be...
a)
driving quality
b)
number of accidents
c)
hours spent training
d)
amount of traffic
54.
Which kind of study can establish a cause-effect relationship between variables, assuming that the research is appropriate and well conceived?
a)
survey
b)
case study
c)
correlational study
d)
experiment
55.
The population in a research study is...
a)
the whole group of research interest.
b)
the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.
c)
exactly the same as the sample.
d)
always smaller than the sample.
56.
Which answer provides examples of participant variables?
a)
independent variables, dependent variables
b)
time of day, noise level, temperature, location
c)
prior experience, motivation, intelligence, educational background
d)
extraneous variables, confounding variables
57.
_______________ is an advantage of a repeated-measures experimental design; ______________ may be a disadvantage.
a)
Reducing the effect of situational variables | order effects
b)
Ease of administration | possible confounding participant variables
c)
Reducing the effect of participant variables | order effects
d)
Complexity of administration | the influence of situational variables
58.

the way a researcher selects participants from a population

a)

Correlation

b)

Sampling

c)

Variable

d)

Placebo effect

59.

research method where the researcher observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Longitudinal study

d)

cross-sectional study

60.

research method in which data are collected from groups of participants of different ages and compares so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Longitudinal study

d)

cross-sectional study

61.

research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Longitudinal study

d)

cross-sectional study

62.

research method in which data are collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

a)

Naturalistic Observation

b)

Case Study

c)

Longitudinal study

d)

cross-sectional study

63.

the measure of a relationship between two variable sets of data

a)

Variable

b)

Sampling

c)

Correlation

d)

Control Group

64.

any factor capable of change

a)

Variable

b)

Sampling

c)

Correlation

d)

Experimental group

65.

the group to which an independent variable is applied

a)

Single Blind

b)

Double Blind

c)

Experimental Group

d)

Control Group

66.

the group that is treated the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental variable is not applied

a)

Single Blind

b)

Double Blind

c)

Experimental Group

d)

Control Group

67.

a change in participants illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect rather than from the actual treatment

a)

Placebo Effect

b)

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

c)

Longitudinal Study

d)

Control Group

68.

Participants are aware they are being observed.

a)

overt observation

b)

covert observation

c)

naturalistic observation

d)

laboratory observation

69.

The __________ is the one manipulated by the researcher.

a)

DV

b)

Confounding Variable

c)

Controls

d)

IV

70.

The ___________is expected to change as the IV changes.

a)

IV

b)

DV

c)

Controls

d)

Samples

71.

_____________ ____________ are variables that can potentially distort the relationship between the IV and the DV.

a)

Target population

b)

Confounding variables

c)

Matching variables

d)

Target variables

72.

In_____________ _______________you recruit participants that are more easily available.

a)

Self-selected sampling

b)

Opportunity sampling

c)

Random sampling

d)

Stratified sampling

73.

What is replication?

a)

cloning the scientist who first did an experiment

b)

doing an experiment for the first time

c)

doing an experiment again and getting different results

d)

Doing an experiment again and getting the same results

74.

When a study is said to be "Valid"....

a)

It is thought to measure what it was supposed to measure

b)

it is thought that the same or similar results should be achievable if repeated

c)

The DV is supposed to have the desired impact on the IV

d)

it is thought to be ineffective

75.

Obtaining similar scores for the same group of people form repeatedly using the same instrument over and over is an indication of the instrument's ________.

a)

Standar Error of Measurement

b)

Test Norms

c)

Reliability

d)

Validity

76.

To ensure results are reliable the experiment should be

a)

Done once

b)

Repeated

c)

Done as exactly the same as the method outlines

d)

Repeated if necessary

77.

A reliable experiment produces results which

a)

are consistent

b)

vary greatly

c)

are different from sample answers

d)

are not consistent

78.

Casey is evaluating humor in individuals by how many jokes they say. He scores each person and adds up the total. Casey's advisor tells him that he needs to have another person also score the same individuals, and that he should then compare the scores given.

This is checking for:

a)

test-retest reliability

b)

convergent validity

c)

inter-rater reliability

d)

predictive/

concurrent validity

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