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WorksheetsTopic1: Green Engineering Design (ECH5955)
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 2hrs 3mins
Pollution Prevention include:
use biodiesel
use biomethane
use electric
walk
What do we call the type of engineering that does not hurt our planet?
Blue Engineering
Red Engineering
Green Engineering
Yellow Engineering
Is this an example of Green Engineering?
Yes
No
Is this solar panel an example of Green Engineering?
Yes
No
Is this landfill an example of Green Engineering?
Yes
No
Is this skateboard made out of recycled materials an example of green engineering?
Yes
No
Is this gas powered car an example of Green Engineering?
Yes
No
Who is affected by trash that does not get recycled?
Humans
Land Animals
The Earth
Sea Animals
What is the Best option for controlling hazards according to the Hierarchy of control?
PPE
Elimination
Substitution
Administrative control
Green chemistry is more expensive than traditional chemistry?
True
False
Same
None of them
Which of the following are among the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry?
Design commercially viable products
Use only new solvents
Use catalysts, not stoichiometric reagents
Re-use
Green chemists reduce risk by?
Reducing the hazard inherent in a chemical product or process
Minimizing the use of all chemicals
Inventing technologies that will clean up toxic sites
Developing recycled products
Environmental benefits of green chemistry include?
Fewer raw materials and natural resources used
Cleaner production technologies & reduced emissions
Smaller quantities of hazardous waste to be treated and disposed of
All of the above
Green chemistry aims to?
Design chemical products and process that maximize profits
Design safer chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances
Design chemical products and processes that work most efficiently
Utilize non-renewable energy
This word is synonymous with green chemistry and also means harmless, or gentle and not life threatening?
Sustainable
Benign
User friendly
Greenness
The use of solar power is covered within Green Chemistry Principle #6, which is?
Atom economy
Design for energy efficiency
Design benign chemicals
Less hazardous synthesis
Biodiesel is an example of which of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry?
#1 – Waste prevention
#7 – Use of renewable feedstocks
#9 – Use of catalysis
#5 – Safer solvents
Green chemistry is regarded as a reduction process. Which of the following aspects are the targets of reduction?
(1) Cost of production
(2) Use of catalyst
(3) Risk and hazard
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
Which of the following are sources of biomass to replace natural gas as the feedstock of many industrial processes?
(1) Seaweed from large-scale farming
(2) Waste paper from schools and offices
(3) Methane gas from landfill sites
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
Which of the following are the benefits of using catalysts in industrial processes?
(1) Obtaining a higher yield per reaction cycle
(2) Lowering the operating temperature
(3) Getting more product in a relatively shorter period of
time
(1) and (2) only
(1) and (3) only
(2) and (3) only
(1), (2) and (3)
What are some examples of actions that government agencies and manufacturing companies have taken to promote the field of green chemistry and implement its practices? Select three.
They have increased the use of solvents in reactions to eliminate waste and protect the environment.
They have provided stipends and tax breaks to companies that utilize renewable energy sources through solar panels or wind turbines.
They have recognized innovative engineering ideas and collaboration in the field of green chemistry, such as the Green Chemistry Challenge Award.
They have made technological advancements to improve the treatment of by-products.
They have reduced the use of feedstocks and catalysts in reactions, in order to promote sustainable production processes.
What can be assumed about a chemical manufacturing company that has sponsored festivals to teach citizens how to maintain private compost bins and use organic matter as fertilizer on local farms? Select two.
The company is trying to find ways to use more derivatives.
The company is trying to find ways to use more protecting groups.
The company is trying to improve the environmental impact of its Triple Bottom Line.
The company is trying to improve the economic impact of its Triple Bottom Line.
The company is trying to improve the social impact of its Triple Bottom Line.
The chemical industry should take into account the efficiency of a chemical process and its corresponding impact on the environment. Reactions that _____ the atom economy help conserve resources and _____ the environmental impact associated with mining.
minimize, eliminate
maximize, minimize
eliminate, maximize
Which of the following examples indicate solutions to reducing the impact of human activity on the environment? Select two.
Replace chemical reactions that have high atom economies with reactions that have low atom economies.
Produce hydrogen by using electricity instead of burning fossil fuels.
Replace feedstocks with biological sources instead of minerals.
Replace a multi-step catalytic process with a multi-step synthetic process.
A batch reactor is used in the production of lime from limestone. The chemical reaction reaches equilibrium based on the following equation:
CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
What modification to the batch reactor would be most advantageous to the manufacturer if the targeted product is lime (CaO)?
Modify the reactor so that CO2 can be continuously fed into the reactor.
Modify the reactor so that CaCO3 can be continuously fed into the reactor.
Modify the reactor so that CO2 can be continuously removed from the reactor.
Modify the reactor so that CaCO3 can be continuously removed from the reactor.
Which company best demonstrates increased economic activity and reduced environmental impact according to the principles of the Triple Bottom Line?
Company 1, because generating derivatives reduces the impact on the environment and increased profit is an example of an increase in economic activity.
Company 2, because increasing the use of catalysts reduces the impact on the environment and increasing donations towards schools shows increased economic activity.
Company 3, because decreasing the generation of derivatives reduces the impact on the environment and enhanced fair labor practices increase economic activity.
Company 4, because decreasing the use of auxiliary substances reduces the impact on the environment and an increase in trade is an example of an increase in economic activity.
In the chemical industry, the process where new chemical products are discovered and optimized is known as _______. The process starts with the introduction of ________, which are the industrial materials necessary to run the operation. Once the product is formed, it must be isolated from the mixture. A ________ consists of material formed in the chemical reaction that is not the targeted product. The industry must adhere to using _________ in order to reduce the impact they can cause to the environment and reduce costs related to pollution.
tertiary production; excess reagents; solvent; catalysts
research and development; feedstocks; by-product; renewable resources
primary production; catalysts; reagent; feedstocks
secondary production; products; catalyst; fossil fuels
The high demand for products leads to high waste generation from the chemical industries. How can industries keep up with the demand, while also making processes generate less waste? Select two.
using higher temperatures inside the reactor
using catalysts to obtain a higher yield of products
treating wastes so they do not pollute the environment
recycling remnant feedstocks back into the reactor batch
MethaneSAT is a satellite mission designed to detect methane emission globally and with high precision. How can this technological innovation help reduce the negative impact of gas contamination?
MethaneSAT will help countries to spot problems and identify opportunities to reduce ______. Petroleum and oil companies produce ______ such as gasoline. However, these industries generate about 75 million metric tons of methane gas emissions. The satellite mission will help collect _______ to understand the waste generated by these companies and inform governments so they can take action.
gas emissions; products; emissions data
solid wastes; by-products; renewable resource data
gas emissions; by-products; solvent samples
wastes; products; feedstock samples
Chemical processes often use large amounts of energy, making them very expensive.
Which two changes to a production process will reduce the number of solvents and reduce the activation energy needed to run a reaction?
Designing a process to run at ambient temperature and pressure will reduce the number of solvents; eliminating or combining reaction steps will reduce the activation energy.
Eliminating or combining reaction steps will reduce the number of solvents; using catalysts will reduce the activation energy.
Using catalysts will reduce the number of solvents; eliminating or combining reaction steps will reduce the activation energy.
Eliminating or combining reaction steps will reduce the number of solvents; designing a process to run at ambient temperature and pressure will reduce the activation energy.
An explosion in the steam separator caused the fuel bundles to break and the radioactive material to catch fire. The smoke produced by the fire contained radioactive materials, which caused a severe contamination to the surroundings. Which statements describe changes to the design that could have potentially prevented this catastrophe? Select three.
reducing the number of catalysts and feedstocks that are used
using sensors to regulate pressure and temperature in the reactor
using chemicals with shorter half-lives so they degrade more quickly
using safer solvents in order to minimize toxic chemicals used in the reaction
collecting samples during the reaction to control how quickly exothermic reactions occur
Chemical industries rely on energy sources to power and run their processes. Which of the following characteristics relate to biomass as an energy source? Select two.
renewable source that can produce large amounts of electricity
can be burned for heat instead of fossil fuels
produces carbon dioxide
can be used to make bioplastic
sometimes used as a nonrenewable feedstock
Chemical industries rely on energy sources to power and run their processes. Which of the following characteristics relate to biomass as an energy source? Select two.
renewable source that can produce large amounts of electricity
can be burned for heat instead of fossil fuels
produces carbon dioxide
can be used to make bioplastic
sometimes used as a nonrenewable feedstock
Chemical industries generate hazardous waste and other by-products during the production phase. What would be the greenest ways to manage waste generated during the production phase? Select two.
using feedstocks from biological sources
using a greater number of solvents in the chemical process
recycling catalysts, and thus increasing the life cycle of the catalyst
using a process with more catalytic steps between the starting material and product
The diagram represents the results of three different manufacturing companies: Business A, Business B, and Business C. Each manufacturing company used a different level and number of strategies to obtain sustainable development goals.Based on the environmental impact and economic growth of each business, which of the manufacturing companies was most successful in obtaining sustainable development?
A
B
C
Which of the following are one of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry? Select two.
Waste Treatment
Atom Economy
Designing Safer Catalyst
Designing Safer Chemicals
Prioritise the prevention of waste, rather than cleaning up after the fact
Reduce derivatives
Designing safer chemicals
Waste prevention
Safer chemistry for accident prevention
Use chemicals which are made from renewable sources rather than from petrochemical sources.
Design for degradation
Use of renewable feedstocks
Designing safer chemicals
Less hazardous chemical synthesis
Minimize the use of temporary derivatives such as protecting groups. Avoid derivatives to reduce reaction steps, resources required and waste created
Safer solvents
Safer chemistry for accident prevention
Designing safer chemicals
Reduce derivatives
Less hazardous chemical synthesis
Design chemical reactions and synthetic routs to be as safe as possible
Design chemicals that degrade and can be discarded easily that are not toxic, bioaccumulative, or environmentally persistent
Choose and develop chemical procedures that are safer and inherently minimize the risk of accidents.
Minimize the use of temporary derivatives such as protecting groups
Use catalytic instead of stoichiometric reagents in reactions to increase selectivity, minimize waste, and reduce reaction times and energy demands
Design for energy efficiency
Catalysis
Design for degradation
Waste prevention
Minimize toxicity directly by molecular design and evaluate aspects such as physical properties, toxicity, and environmental fate
Safer solvents & auxiliaries
Use of renewable feedstocks
Design for degradation
Designing safer chemicals
Design for degradation
Prioritize the prevention of waste
Minimize the use of temporary derivatives
Minimize toxicity directly by molecular design
Design chemicals that degrade and can be discarded easily
Choose the safest solvent available for any given step. Minimize the total amount of solvents and auxiliary substances used, as these make up a a large percentage of the total waste created
Reduce derivatives
Less hazardous chemical synthesis
Safer solvents and auxiliaries
Real-time pollution prevention
Monitor chemical reactions in real-time as they occur to prevent the formation and release of any potentially hazardous and polluting substances
Real-time pollution prevention
Waste prevention
Safer chemistry for accident prevention
Reduce derivatives
Design for energy efficiency
Choose and develop chemical procedures that are safer and inherently minimize the risk of accidents
Choose the least energy-intensive chemical route. Avoid heating and cooling, as well as pressurized and vacuum conditions
Use catalytic instead of stoichometric reagents in reactions. Choose catalysts to help increase selectivity, minimize waste, and reduce reaction times and energy demands
Reduce waste at the molecular level by maximizing the number of atoms from all reagents that are incorporated into the final product
Choose and develop safer chemical procedures that are safer and inherently minimize the risk of accidents. Know the possible risks and assess them beforehand
Real-time pollution prevention
Safer solvents and auxiliaries
Safer chemistry for accident prevention
Use of renewable feedstocks
Choose and develop safer chemical procedures that are safer and inherently minimize the risk of accidents. Know the possible risks and assess them beforehand
Real-time pollution prevention
Safer solvents and auxiliaries
Safer chemistry for accident prevention
Use of renewable feedstocks
Which of the following is not a stage in the System Life Cycle?
Analysis
Documentation
Development and Testing
Manufacturing
"identify suitable hardware and software" is a step in the analysis stage
True
False
"Research or collect data from the current system" is a step in the analysis stage
True
False
"Produce a Data Flow Diagram" is a step in the analysis stage
True
False
"Produce a cost-benefit analysis" is a step in the analysis stage
True
False
"Design output screens/layouts" is a step in the analysis stage
True
False
"Create a system flowchart" is a step in the analysis stage
True
False
A requirements specification is a document which provides the rules around which the final evaluation will be carried out
True
False
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using questionnaires as a research method
It is a relatively inexpensive method
The questions can be answered quite quickly
Individuals can remain anonymous if they want
The method allows the analyst to probe for more feedback
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using observation as a research method
The analyst obtains reliable data
It is possible to get an overall view of the system
A relatively inexpensive method
This method allows quick analysis of data
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using interviews as a research method
It gives the opportunity to motivate the interviewee into giving open and honest answers to the analyst’s questions
The method allows the analyst to probe for more feedback
Individuals can remain anonymous if they want
"This method allows the analyst to see how the paper files are kept, look at operating instructions and training manuals, check the accounts, etc." - This describe which research method?
Looking at existing paperwork
Interview
Observation
Questionnaire
Data Flow Diagrams help the analyst by showing the data flows, input and output requirements, processing and the types of data storage needed.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT a task in the design stage
Create the user and technical guide
Design the screen layouts
Create a testing plan
design the data capture forms
What is the definition of 'validation'?
A way of preventing errors when data is copied from one medium to another.
The process where data is checked to see if it satisfies certain criteria when input into a computer.
What is the definition of 'verification'?
A way of preventing errors when data is copied from one medium to another.
The process where data is checked to see if it satisfies certain criteria when input into a computer.
Which of the following is NOT a task in the design stage
Create the user and technical guide
Design the screen layouts
Create a testing plan
design the data capture forms
Identify the two methods of verification
Double entry and visual check
Double entry and range check
Visual check and presence check
Range check and presence check
Description: checks whether data is within given/acceptable range
Range check
Look-up check
Length check
Character check
Description: checks whether the data entered exists and is stored in a table of data
Presence check
Look-up check
Length check
Character check
Description: checks that data is in a specific format
Presence check
Format check
Length check
Character check
Description: checks if fields correspond with each other
Format check
Consistency check
Length check
Check digit
They are used to show how data flows through a system and also how decision are made. They make use of special symbols that represent input/output, processing, decisions and data storage
Flowchart
Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
