Reflected by the earth's surface. The

amount of reflected radiation depends on the reflection

(a)  

The apparent position of the sun can be calculated at any place and time, using different algorithms taking into a ccount geographical, astronomical and time variables.

(a)  

of the surface,

indicates the angle formed

by the surface with the

horizontal plane.

(a)  

it is formed by the sun’s rays with the normal to the irradiated surface

(a)  

The quota of radiation that

reaches the earth’s surface

after the scattering process

(a)  

the radiation that comes

directly from the sun and

penetrates the atmosphere

(a)  

is the instantaneous solar power incident on the surface; it varies instant by instant and is measured in W/m2.

(a)  

is the cumulative energy captured from the surface in a given period (day, month, year) and is measured in kWh/m2.

(a)  

increases from dawn until noon and

then decreases until sunset, but its values are greatly affected by

(a)  

which comes straight from the sun, is

influenced by the spatial disposition of the surface: the more perpendicularly the rays strike it, the higher the amount of energy incident on it.

(a)  

is the irradiation received after it has

been scattered by these molecules and particles. For example,

during a cloudy day the light consists mainly of

(a)  

is the fraction of light that a surface reflects

(a)  

reaches its minimum value just before dawn, then increases until it reaches its maximum value int he early afternoon, and then begins to decreases slowly.

(a)  

tells us how much water vapor is in the air, compared to how much it could hold at that temperature. It is shown

as a percent.

(a)  

is the movement of air masses caused by differences in

atmospheric pressure related to land, water and air temperature

gradients, which may occur at a macro-territorial level (between one geographical region and another) or on a local scale (waterfront,

lakeside area,

valleys, etc.).

(a)  

This zone includes the coastal areas, islands and a strip of land from 20 to 100 km wide along the coast. Most of the zone is less than 300 m above sea level. It is never excessively hot, but has high

(a)  

The hot-arid zone includes the areas that are far from the sea, with

altitudes ranging from 0 m to 500 m.

(a)  

The difference between this zone and the hot-arid zone is that it has relatively higher humidity values, lower peak temperatures and smaller daily temperature swings.

(a)  

The temperature is slightly lower than that in the savannah zones,but daily variations are comparable. Due to the lakes, humidity is

higher than in the savannah zone, even though it is in the same altitude range.

(a)  

This zone refers to areas at altitudes between about 1500 and 2000 m, mainly mountains and plateaus. They are generally cool areas where some heating is welcome on the coolest days of theyear.

(a)  

This zone refers to altitudes above 2000 m. These are generally

cold areas where heating is necessary for most of the year. The

humidity is fairly high.

(a)  

refers to a building

whose architectural features are such that they take advantage of local climatic resources to provide an

(a)  

is usually used in solar work. This is measured from the solar noon, i.e. the time when

the sun appears to cross the local

(a)