Refers to characteristics that serve as the foundation for doing what is right.

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Who stated that “Virtue is Knowledge”?

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A phrase which means individual should know first what is right and wrong before acting on what is right. If the person doesn’t know what he’s doing is wrong, it’s because he is ignorant of what is right.

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According to Aristotle, is a good life in which individual must act appropriately based on the right character.

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A complete balance between opposites, such as luxury and poverty, and bravery and cowardice.

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In philosophy, focuses on seeking satisfaction. An action is good if the person achieves satisfaction.

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From the Greek word which means "pleasure"

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Views most human desires and emotions as irrational. Humans need to control their passions and live with virtue, duty, and integrity to be in harmony with the universe.


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Greek word that means "tranquility" (defined as having peace or being in a calm state). For the Stoics, It can be achieved by living virtuously in accordance with nature.


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When you are in a state of calmness, not being frustrated with what is happening or the outcome of a different circumstance. It is possible to achieve it despite being in a chaotic or disturbing situation.


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Originated from two Greek words: pan, which means "all," and theos, which means "God." It is the belief that God is in everything.


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The belief that everything is in agreement with each other because God is all-knowing, always present, most powerful, and all-good. Therefore, to live peacefully, one must obey God's commands.

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It is defined as the ability of a person to control his actions. It may have positive and negative effects.


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It is believed that man exercises his free will according to the cause, whether internal or external. For example, you cheat because you are pressured to make your parents proud, even though you know it is wrong.


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The result of achieving what you truly want. Some examples are being promoted, receiving the highest award, buying new clothes, having independence, learning new skills, etc.


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The result of following God's teachings, which does not necessarily mean you get what you desire. You are only concerned with obeying God.


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According to him, morality cannot come from external factors. The moral standard of a person must come from within. Moral Actions are associated with the knowledge of one's duties and responsibilities.


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According to Immanuel Kant, It allows the individual to make certain judgments that are considered right without any command or procedure on what to do in a situation.


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A function that must be performed and is not influenced by your emotions or predispositions.


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He rejected the idea that man's judgment of right and wrong is based on his reasoning; instead, he argued that an individual evaluates what is right and wrong according to his or her emotion.

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According to David Hume, a person's feelings play a significant role in how he or she responds to specific situations.


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It is a philosophical school of thought that focuses on what should be done based on the result of the action. An individual's basis for judgment will be the maximum good his or her choice will bring to as many people as possible.


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Arises when one encounters two choices but cannot make both. A moral dilemma causes conflict in a person's mind when assessing the best decision to make in a particular situation.


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Though he also supported the thought of utilitarianism, he argued Jeremy Bentham's act utilitarianism, which states that an individual's act is morally right if it produces the best results given the situation.

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Simply means following a rule that will result in a significant utility that will benefit many people.

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John Stuart Mill stated that right actions result in pleasure or happiness, while wrong actions result in unhappiness and pain.

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He supported the philosophical theory of absurdism which states that being alive is absurd (meaning ridiculous or foolish) because the universe is unreasonable, making life meaningless.


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He argued that man has limitless freedom, the opposite of everyone's observation that one's freedom to choose is limited. According to him, freedom is an aspect of our awareness that we tend to exercise.

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It refers to an individual's function to act to accomplish certain results, good or bad, and right or wrong.


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sets of guidelines that a person follows to identify right and wrong, decent and not decent, and good and evil.

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Based on the general rightness that every individual follows, which are already present even before he is born.

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Based on points of view and conditions that may switch over time. They are not sturdy principles.


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He thought that everything is made of water. Water is the foundation of life; nothing else could be made without water.

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He thought that everything on earth has a beginning and an end. He believed fire is the basic component of life because it symbolizes destruction, death, and impermanence.


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They are the first to conceive the idea of atoms. They believed everything could be divided and reduced to a basic invisible element. This basic element can no longer be divisible or reduced.

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He believed no single element could explain the existence of everything in the world. The apeiron, "the boundless" or "limitless," created the elements that produce everything in combination with one another.

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An action is considered right and good if one finds it useful; It is different from consequentialism, which weighs decisions based on its consequences.


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The practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat.

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He criticized speciesism, or the discrimination of humans against nonhuman species; He asserts that humans must consider other sentient beings when making decisions.

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This focuses on the intrinsic value of action instead of its benefits and consequences. Humans must adhere to moral rules, principles, and legal obligations.

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Applies moral and ethical concepts to understand and define humanity's role, purpose, and relationship with the environment.

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