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WorksheetsREASONING (VIDEO 3 with video)
Total questions: 32
Worksheet time: 23mins
1-10.
Answer the questions below after watching the video
What is a key difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Deductive reasoning is less common than inductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning relies on general information to reach a specific conclusion.
Inductive reasoning is never used in everyday life.
Inductive reasoning provides certainty, while deductive does not.
Why is inductive reasoning considered probabilistic?
It is always based on false premises.
It can only be used in scientific research.
It relies on past experiences to predict future events.
It provides absolute certainty about conclusions.
What is an example of using inductive reasoning?
Proving a mathematical theorem.
Disproving a scientific theory.
None of the above.
Believing a headache can be cured by aspirin based on past experiences.
What does Nelson Goodman's 'grue' problem demonstrate?
The reliability of inductive reasoning.
The effectiveness of abduction.
The certainty of deductive conclusions.
Potential flaws in inductive evidence.
What is a limitation of inductive reasoning?
It always produces true results.
It is not useful for making predictions.
It can only be used in philosophical discussions.
It may lead to false conclusions if the future doesn't resemble the past.
How does abduction differ from induction and deduction?
It provides absolute certainty.
It reasons from a premise to a conclusion directly.
It eliminates unlikely explanations to find the most plausible one.
It is never used by philosophers.
What does Sherlock Holmes' quote about eliminating the impossible suggest?
The effectiveness of deductive reasoning.
The role of intuition in philosophical arguments.
The importance of abduction in solving mysteries.
The certainty of inductive reasoning.
Why must abduction be used carefully?
It is not recognized by philosophers.
It always leads to incorrect conclusions.
It relies on the information available, which may be incomplete.
It is a form of deductive reasoning.
What is the primary goal of the Socratic method?
To find the truth.
To discredit opponents.
To win arguments.
To prove one's intelligence.
What role do counterarguments play in philosophical discussions?
They bring interlocutors closer to the truth.
They are discouraged in the Socratic method.
They help in clarifying one's own argument.
They are used to confuse opponents.
What does Reasoning mean?
A statement of the writer’s position, or something the writer will try to prove to be true. Often the claim is stated in the introduction of the essay.
The thinking process that a writer or speaker uses to support a claim.
A + B = C
A + B + C NEVER = D
What does Claim mean?
A statement of the writer’s position, or something the writer will try to prove to be true. Often the claim is stated in the introduction of the essay.
The thinking process that a writer or speaker uses to support a claim.
A + B = C
A + B + C NEVER = D
What is Abductive Reasoning?
General statements accepted to be true (the premises) and ends up with a specific factual statement.
Use specific observations to arrive at general conclusions.
Uses incomplete information and knowledge of patterns to offer the simplest, most likely explanation.
A + B + C Does NOT always = D
What is Deductive Reasoning?
General statements accepted to be true (the premises) and ends up with a specific factual statement.
Uses incomplete information and knowledge of patterns to offer the simplest, most likely explanation.
Use specific observations to arrive at general conclusions.
A + B = C
What is Inductive Reasoning?
General statements accepted to be true (the premises) and ends up with a specific factual statement.
Uses incomplete information and knowledge of patterns to offer the simplest, most likely explanation.
Use specific observations to arrive at general conclusions.
A + B + C Never = D
All spiders have 8 legs. A Black Widow is a spider. Therefore a Black Widow has 8 legs.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
People get mad when someone hits them. Billy is mad, so someone must have hit him.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
This man has green eyes. That man has green eyes. A third and fourth man both have green eyes. Therefore all men have green eyes.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
All men are mortal. Joe is a man. Therefore Joe is mortal.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
If this bag has 5 red pencils. That bag has 5 red pencils. A third bag has 5 red pencils. Therefore all the bags have 5 red pencils.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
This cat is gray. That cat is gray. A third cat is gray. Therefore all cats are gray.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
When it rains, the grass gets wet. The grass is wet, it must have rained.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
When we swim, we get wet. They are wet, so they must have went swimming.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
Florida beaches have salt water. St. Pete Beach is a beach. Therefore St. Pete Beach has salt water.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
Bachelors are unmarried men. Bill is unmarried. Therefore, Bill is a bachelor.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
A person walks into their living room and finds papers all over the floor. The person's dog has been alone in the room all day. Therefore the dog chewed up all the papers.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
The coin I pulled from the bag is a penny. That coin is a penny. A third coin from the bag is a penny. Therefore, all the coins in the bag are pennies
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
Bob lives by a baseball stadium. He found a baseball on the sidewalk. Therefore, someone must have hit the ball out of the park.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
All fruits have seeds. Strawberries have seeds. Therefore, Strawberries are a fruit.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
Harold is a grandfather. Harold is bald. Therefore, all grandfathers are bald.
Deduction
Abduction
Induction
Reason
What is the study of knowledge, belief, and justification known as in philosophy?
Logic
Ethics
Epistemology
Metaphysics
Which type of reasoning involves inferring the most plausible explanation for a given set of evidence?
Deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Analogical reasoning
Abductive reasoning
What is the flaw in reasoning that occurs when the conclusion of an argument is assumed within one of the premises?
Logical fallacy
Ambiguity
Circular reasoning
False assumption
Which branch of philosophy investigates questions related to beauty, art, and the nature of aesthetic experience?
Aesthetics
Ethics
Epistemology
Metaphysics
What is the flaw in reasoning that occurs when an argument draws a broad conclusion based on insufficient or limited evidence?
Ambiguity
Ignoring counterarguments
Logical fallacy
Overgeneralization
Which type of argument aims to provide logically conclusive support for its conclusions?
Analogical argument
Abductive argument
Inductive argument
Deductive argument
What is the process of seeking and asking about in philosophical inquiry?
Inquiry
Abduction
Induction
Deduction
Which type of reasoning involves drawing general conclusions based on specific observations or instances?
Inductive reasoning
Analogical reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning
What is the flaw in reasoning that occurs when an argument relies primarily on emotional manipulation or appeal to authority?
Logical fallacy
Overgeneralization
Appeal to emotion
Unfalsifiability
Which type of reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on similarities between different cases?
Inductive reasoning
Analogical reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Abductive reasoning
What is the flaw in reasoning that occurs when an argument's conclusion does not logically follow from the premises?
Logical fallacy
Ambiguity
False assumption
Ignoring counterarguments
