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Evolution and Natural Selection Review

Total questions: 52

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which law or theory describes the changes in organisms and species over time?

a)

Theory of Evolution

b)

Law of Classification

c)

Law of Superposition

2.

Which coat pattern would be better adapted for life in the winter months of the snowy tundra?

a)

Brown Coat

b)

White Coat

c)

Both Brown and White Coats

3.

What is the primary reason for the variation in beak shapes among Galapagos finches?

a)

to adapt to different climates

b)

to communicate with other finches

c)

to utilize various food sources

d)

to migrate across islands

4.

What is the primary function of root hairs in plants?

a)

helps the plant transport nutrients to the stem

b)

enables the plant to capture more sunlight

c)

increases the plant's ability to absorb water from the soil

d)

facilitates the plant's asexual reproduction

5.

Which term best describes a specially developed characteristic that enables an organism to live in a specific environment?

a)

adaptations

b)

natural selection

c)

survival of the fittest

d)

variations

6.

By studying fossil records, scientists have concluded that the horses that lived 50 million years ago were much smaller, weaker, and slower than modern horses. Which natural process is responsible for the evolutionary changes that have led to increased size, strength, and speed in horses?

a)

inbreeding

b)

migration

c)

mutualism

d)

natural selection

7.

What initial catastrophic event is most likely responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs?

a)

the impact of many tornadoes during a massive storm

b)

the impact of a large asteroid or comet hitting Earth's surface

c)

the rise of sea levels caused by melting glaciers

d)

the rise of mammals that became predators of dinosaurs

8.

During the Mesozoic Era, the climate on one continent changed from being warm at the beginning to very cold at the end of the era. The climate changed due to the movement of tectonic plates and landmasses. In this era, many organisms became extinct while only some were able to survive. What type of adaptations did these surviving organisms most likely possess?

a)

plants with long root systems and animals which laid eggs

b)

plants with thorns and animals which gave birth to offspring instead of laying eggs

c)

plants with very large leaves and animals which gave birth to large numbers of offspring

d)

plants with protective seed coverings and animals with constant internal body temperatures

9.

Around 250 million years ago at the end of the Permian Period, 90 percent of the planet's species became extinct. One of the major causes of the mass extinction is believed to be massive volcanic eruptions. These giant eruptions added large amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. How would these additional gases contribute to the mass extinctions?

a)

depletion of the ozone layer

b)

decrease in the amount of rainfall

c)

change in the composition of the sea shelves

d)

increase in the temperature of the atmosphere

10.

An inherited trait that helps those organisms that have it to survive

a)

niche

b)

structure

c)

characteristic

d)

adaptation

11.

Beak shape depends on...

a)

where birds live

b)

who they hang out with

c)

diet (fish or seeds)

d)

exercise

12.

A giraffe has a long neck in order to better reach leaves to eat. This is an example of _____.

a)

an adaptation

b)

environment

c)

response

d)

stimulus

13.
Which feature helps an animal hide from other animals?
a)
looking like a dangerous animal
b)
being the same color as the place it lives (camoflauge)
c)
having sharp claws or a strong shel
d)
having only a few young and caring for them
14.
Which feature of a rose helps it grow without being eaten by large animals?
a)
flowers with bright colors
b)
sharp thorns
c)
small seeds
d)
deep roots
15.
The source of all genetic material is...
a)
Protein
b)
cells
c)
DNA
d)
The brain
16.

In this environment, predict which moth would increase in population.

a)
light 
b)
dark
17.

The Arctic Fox's is a predator. It's fur changes from dark in the summer to white in the winter.


How does this adaptation help the fox survive in the winter?

a)

This adaptation helps the fox hibernate & protect itself from the cold.

b)

This adaptation helps the fox defend itself by mimicking a polar bear.

c)

This adaptation helps the fox camouflage itself to hunt prey.

d)

This adaptation helps the fox move quicker & migrate.

18.

What does blending in to one's surroundings mean?

a)

Camouflage

b)

Hibernation

c)

Migration

d)

Spying

19.

What is the period in which some animals or plants spend the winter in a dormant state?

a)

Adaptation

b)

Migration

c)

Camouflage

d)

Hibernation

20.

One way animals usually respond to a drop in temperature is by

a)

Shivering to increase body temperate

b)

Sweating to reduce their internal temperature

c)

Blinking to keep eyes clear

d)

Salivating to increase digestion speed

21.
The diagram below shows the beaks of five species of birds that developed over time from one parent species. The five species of birds can be found living in the same area. Which of the following best explains why the beak shape of each species of bird developed differently?
  
a)
Each beak shape helps the birds to produce different songs.
b)
Each beak shape is an adaptation to a specific source of food.
c)
Each beak shape is designed to construct a different type of nest.
d)
Each beak shape helps protect the birds from a different predator.
22.

Why do these limbs provide evidence of common ancestry?

a)

They have the same basic structure

b)

They perform the same function

c)

They are the same size

d)

They are part of mammals

23.

There is a species of rabbit found in Alaska that is white, while a species of rabbit found in South Carolina is brown. Which statement best explains why rabbits native to different places vary in color?

a)

Rabbits move to different habitats according to their color.

b)

Rabbits change their colors on purpose to blend in with the habitat.

c)

Rabbits select mates of different colors in order to have different colored offspring.

d)

Rabbits of colors that blend in with the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

24.

What is the most likely reason that the members of this species of moth resemble the tree bark?

a)

Over generations, the moths migrated until they found a good place to hide.

b)

Over generations, the color of a moth is determined by the color of the tree where the eggs are laid.

c)

Over generations, moths that could hide on the tree bark were not eaten as often as those that could not hide.

d)

Over generations, the moths change colors depending on the color of the tree they land on

25.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
26.
Definition: fitness
a)
ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment
b)
organisms with traits well suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate
c)
a growing population causes a scarcity of resources
d)
differences in the DNA sequence
27.

Shorter, thicker beaks are better for picking up and eating nuts or seeds, while thinner beaks were better for capturing and eating live prey.

Based on Darwin's observation, which finch shown below was naturally selected to most easily eat insects?

a)

b)

c)

d)

28.

The finches on the Galapagos Islands Charles Darwin studied showed variation in the trait for beak size as shown in the image. The islands sometimes experience droughts which lead to the availability of only large seeds. If droughts continue to occur, which finch would you expect the majority of the population to resemble.

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

29.
A farmer has bred his pineapple plants from the sweetest pineapples from his last harvest to get even sweeter pineapple plants. What is this an example of?
a)
Selective breeding
b)
Natural selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Mutagenesis
30.
The behavior of some animals to attract other animals (think dating)
a)
courtship
b)
dating
c)
showing off
d)
hibernation
31.

What is courtship?

a)

an animal's response to changes in the environment

b)

a state of greatly reduced body activity

c)

the movement of an animal from one place to another

d)

a behavior of an adult of a species that is trying to attract a mate.

32.

What is one of the main reasons why crickets make sounds?

a)

To scare away predators

b)

To attract female mates

c)

To protect their territory

d)

To communicate with other crickets

33.

Which word best describes the following definition?


The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.

a)

Trait

b)

Generation

c)

Adaptive Trait

d)

Natural Selection

34.

What does "offspring" mean?

a)

A living thing

b)

Children/babies

c)

Enchilada

d)

Hot spring

35.

What could cause a species to go extinct?

a)

Food becomes more plentiful.

b)

The environment changes drastically and no-one can adapt.

c)

There is less competition for resources.

d)

Members of a species have adaptations to enhance survival.

36.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
37.
What is an example of a vestigial structure of a HUMAN?
a)
Femur
b)
Wisdom Teeth
c)
Brain
d)
Finger
38.

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

39.

Which best describes these structures?

a)

homologous

b)

vestigial

c)

analogous

40.

What gives us our best evidence of evolution?

a)

fossil record

b)

law of superposition

c)

Pangaea

41.

It can be concluded that animals with common anatomical structures

a)

evolved from a common ancestor

b)

belong in the same classification

c)

evolved from each other

d)

live in the same part of the world

42.

Based on the organism skulls, which organisms share the most recent common ancestor?

​Select the two correct answers.

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
43.
Body parts that function like each other, but are different in structure.
a)
embryos
b)
homologous structures
c)
analogous structures
d)
vestigial structures
44.
Natural Selection = Nature made
Artificial Selection = Man made 
a)
True
b)
False
45.
How would you describe this evolution?
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Structural adaption
d)
Functional adaption
46.
What is the most important factor that contributes to a species evolving? 
a)
environmental change
b)
how old a species is
c)
what the ancestors look like
d)
what time of year a species reproduces.
47.

A group of similar organisms that can mate and reproduce.

a)

Species

b)

Organism

c)

Adaptation

d)

Competition

48.
Which of the following places the geologic time eras in order from oldest to most recent?
a)
Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
b)
Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian
c)
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Precambrian
d)
Precambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic
49.

The long and sharp beak of a woodpecker is an example of

a)

natural selection

b)

selective breeding

50.

Selective breeding is where _____________ decides which traits should be passed on.

a)

nature

b)

a human

c)

traits

d)

evolution

51.

Grasshopper leg and kangaroo leg

a)

homologous

b)

analogous

c)

evolutionary

52.

Study the beak adaptation in picture. Which food would that beak be best for eating?

a)

seeds

b)

insects

c)

nectar

d)

small animals