WorksheetsUnit 9 Evolution
Total questions: 38
Worksheet time: 42mins
At least five major ice ages have occurred throughout Earth's history; the earlisest over 2 billion yesars ago.
Which type of organisms would natural selection favor if Earth had another ice age?
organisms that swim
organisms that are predators
organisms that carry out photosynthesis
organisms adapted for surviving cold temperatures
Most of the moths in a pre-industrialized area were white. Industrialization caused an increase in air pollution. The pollution blackened the surface of rocks and tree trunks. About 100 years later, most of the moths in that area were black. This change in moth color is an example of what?
chemical resistance
natural selection
speciation
genetic engineering
The wings of a bat and a bird share a similar function but have different structures, suggesting that they did not evolve from a common ancestor. What type of structures are the wings?
homologous structures
fossilized structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
The diagram shows the embryos and the adult forms of animals from different classification groups. What do the embryos suggest about these three animals?
The animals are not related.
The animals share a common ancestor and are therefore related.
Fish are more closely related to humans than chickens.
Fish and chickens are closely related, but humans are not related to either fish or chickens.
Which of the following is a risk of overusing antibiotics?
Bacteria may become resistant to the antibiotics, causing them to be ineffective.
Antibiotics increase the rate of infection.
Bacteria can only be killed by antibiotics once.
Antibiotics can cause other diseases to develop.
A particular bird species found in North America obtains most of its food energy by catching and eating insects. A mutation arises in this bird population that increases the length of its beak. Although many mutations are harmful, this mutation has increased the ability of the bird to catch and eat certain insects. Which of these is the most likely outcome of this mutation?
The insects that are eaten by this bird are likely to become extinct.
Longer beaks will result in the birds eating other, more useful, food items.
Other bird species will be more likely to also develop longer beaks in order to compete.
Individual birds with the mutation will be more likely to survive and reproduce than birds without the mutation.
Gary sprays his sugarcane field with a highly effective pesticide called "Bug X 4.0." For five years, the pesticide works well, effectively killing almost all the weevils trying to eat Farmer Gary's crop. However, during the 6th year, some of the crop takes a hit. During the 7th year, he loses half of his crop, and during the 8th year, he loses almost the entire cane field to weevils, despite using twice the usual dose of Bug X 4.0. What happened?
The sugarcane became used to the pesticide, rendering it ineffective.
Weevils over-populated because the Bug X 4.0 killed all of the predatory insects.
A small population of weevils survived on other food sources and returned to the sugar cane field to feed.
Some of the pesticide-resistant weevils survived and reproduced more pesticide-resistant weevils.
In 1831, Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands. While observing the giant land tortoises that lived on these islands, Darwin noted that the shape of the tortoise shell varied depending on which island the tortoise lived. Tortoises on one island had round shells, for example, whereas tortoises on a neighboring island had more flattened, saddle-shaped shells. Which statement best summarizes Darwin's explanation for these differences?
Random mutations caused the shape of the shells to fluctuate periodically.
The shape of the tortoise shell varied because the predators on the islands were different.
The particular shape of the shell was best suited for the island on which the tortoise was living.
Tortoises who used their shells in special ways caused the shells to become larger, rounder, or flatter.
Two populations of a plant species are separated after a period of volcanic activity. The environmental conditions for the separated populations are different. Which piece of evidence would BEST support a claim that speciation has occurred?
a comparison of average leaf length in each population
genetic analysis that shows the populations cannot interbreed
data that shows one population is better adapted to its environment
a graph that compares the numbers of individuals in each population
In the image below, arrows are pointing to the humerus bone of the lion, the human, and the bird. Comparing the bone structure can provide evidence to support which of the following conclusions?
The humerus bone evolved separately in many different lines of animals.
The size and position of various bones indicates how highly evolved an animal is.
Fossil evidence of bones provides the strongest evidence for evolution.
Humans, lions, and birds evolved from a common ancestor.
Which of the following is not an example of evolution?
Horses becoming taller and faster over millions of years.
All species of tortoises in the Galapagos islands descending from a common ancestor.
Human brains becoming larger over time.
A caterpillar going through a change into a butterfly.
Ostriches have wings, but do not fly. Humans have an appendix with no apparent function. Whales contain bones for rear legs. Each of these are examples of _____.
homologous structures
vestigial structures
analogous structures
natural selection
Scientists trying to determine evolutionary relationships among organisms sometimes search for clues by examining how each organism develops from a fertilized egg cell. What name is given to the scientific study of how organisms develop from a single cell into independent living creatures?
cytology
embryology
phylogeny
zoology
Which pair of organisms show convergent evolution?
Despite being close relatives, cattle and giraffes have drastically different neck lengths.
Ducks develop different mating dances to avoid mating with other ducks from different species.
A bluegill sunfish and a redear sunfish, closely related, have similar fin shapes and color patterns.
Tasmanian devils and wolverines are both thick-bodied predators with crushing teeth and similar food sources, but they are not at all related.
Which theory of how evolution occurs would argue that all the oak species in Georgia appeared suddenly from one common ancestor, over a short period of time, due to some extreme environmental changes. Since that time, the oak trees have not changed much.
gradualism
microevolution
macroevolution
punctuated equilibrium
The diagram below models the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Which statement best explains the role of natural selection in this process?
Natural selection resulted in the mutation of a bacterium into a virus.
Random variation provided some bacteria in the population with a favorable adaptation that allowed some bacteria to survive the antibiotics and reproduce.
The bacteria willfully mutated to prevent being killed by the antibiotic.
The antibiotic was unsuccessful at killing the bacteria and the bacteria mutated.
The provided chart compares base sequences of homologous segments of DNA from four different primates.
The information in the table can be used to support which of the following claims?
The baboon is more closely related to the lemur than to the chimpanzee.
The gorilla is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the baboon.
The lemur is more closely related to the chimpanzee than to the baboon.
The chimpanzee is more closely related to the lemur than to the gorilla.
Use the dichotomous key to identify the red monster on the end.
Alenius stripicus
Alenius quadlegicus
Alenius hairicus
Alenius blobicus
A gene pool is
all of the alleles in an individual
all of the alleles in a population
a body of water filled with fish
all of the bases in one strand of DNA
When only one species dies off
extinction
mass extinction
population boom
genetic diversity
The formation of new species due to evolution
creation
mutation
elimination
speciation
Genetic drift does this to the population genetic diversity.
increases
decreases
nothing
doubling
What is the common ancestor of Letters C and E?
1
2
3
4
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
What role do mutations play in evolution?
They decrease variation within a population.
They are always harmful to organisms.
They provide the genetic variation needed for natural selection to work.
They ensure that all individuals within a species are identical.
Charles Darwin studied finches in the Galapagos Islands which inspired his theory of evolution and natural selection. What did he notice about the finches that surprised him?
They were all different colors and blended in with the flower on their own island
They were all exactly the same regarless of what island they lived on
The were are similar but have different beaks based on the food available on their island
Charles Darwing has nothing to do with finches, islands, or Natural Selection
The hypothesis that evolution of a species occurs gradually over time as a slow and constant process is known as
speciation
punctuated equilibrium
gradualism
microevolution
When two species evolve because of how they influence eath other, which usually results in a symbiotic relationship, this is called:
extinction
coevolution
symbiosis
mutualism
Ostriches are native to the savannahs of Africa, while penguins live in the polar regions. Although ostriches and penguins are closely-related, they look very different
Convergent
Divergent
Coevolution
Why is competition important for natural selection?
It shows which variations are more successful, allowing the organisms with those variations to survive.
It causes organisms, regardless of which traits they have, to die out, reducing the population size.
It causes organisms to get stronger due to having to outcompete other species.
Competition is not important for natural selection.
