Save Languages Every two weeks, a language dies. Languages are becoming extinct faster than endangered animals. Because language is part of national identity, minority languages have often been discriminated against. In the 19th century, Native Australians and American Indians were not allowed to use their native languages in public in Australia and the United States. It was also illegal to speak Celtic languages in Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the street. Some languages die naturally. While the languages of powerful groups have always spread, the languages of smaller cultures have disappeared. Small communities stop speaking their traditional language and choose the more “popular” one. Slowly, older speakers die and the original language is forgotten. Many endangered languages have no written form but they carry amazing knowledge of local environments. Native Australians and South Americans have always used plants to treat people. Unfortunately, many of their languages are dying and this knowledge may one day be lost forever. Christine Davies, from the Enduring Voices project, told us: “We believe we can help save some endangered languages. We are recording the speakers of endangered languages on all continents. For example, in Australia we have recorded the only living speaker of Amurdag. So, this language won’t disappear completely. But while we’re talking now, the last speaker of some native languages all over the world are dying, taking their culture and knowledge with them. So we have to hurry.”

2. All of the following are the reasons why many traditional languages disappeared EXCEPT that ________.

Save Languages Every two weeks, a language dies. Languages are becoming extinct faster than endangered animals. Because language is part of national identity, minority languages have often been discriminated against. In the 19th century, Native Australians and American Indians were not allowed to use their native languages in public in Australia and the United States. It was also illegal to speak Celtic languages in Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the street. Some languages die naturally. While the languages of powerful groups have always spread, the languages of smaller cultures have disappeared. Small communities stop speaking their traditional language and choose the more “popular” one. Slowly, older speakers die and the original language is forgotten. Many endangered languages have no written form but they carry amazing knowledge of local environments. Native Australians and South Americans have always used plants to treat people. Unfortunately, many of their languages are dying and this knowledge may one day be lost forever. Christine Davies, from the Enduring Voices project, told us: “We believe we can help save some endangered languages. We are recording the speakers of endangered languages on all continents. For example, in Australia we have recorded the only living speaker of Amurdag. So, this language won’t disappear completely. But while we’re talking now, the last speaker of some native languages all over the world are dying, taking their culture and knowledge with them. So we have to hurry.”

3. A lot of languages of smaller cultures ________.

Save Languages Every two weeks, a language dies. Languages are becoming extinct faster than endangered animals. Because language is part of national identity, minority languages have often been discriminated against. In the 19th century, Native Australians and American Indians were not allowed to use their native languages in public in Australia and the United States. It was also illegal to speak Celtic languages in Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the street. Some languages die naturally. While the languages of powerful groups have always spread, the languages of smaller cultures have disappeared. Small communities stop speaking their traditional language and choose the more “popular” one. Slowly, older speakers die and the original language is forgotten. Many endangered languages have no written form but they carry amazing knowledge of local environments. Native Australians and South Americans have always used plants to treat people. Unfortunately, many of their languages are dying and this knowledge may one day be lost forever. Christine Davies, from the Enduring Voices project, told us: “We believe we can help save some endangered languages. We are recording the speakers of endangered languages on all continents. For example, in Australia we have recorded the only living speaker of Amurdag. So, this language won’t disappear completely. But while we’re talking now, the last speaker of some native languages all over the world are dying, taking their culture and knowledge with them. So we have to hurry.”

4. When languages by Native Australians and South Americans disappear, ________ may be lost.

Save Languages Every two weeks, a language dies. Languages are becoming extinct faster than endangered animals. Because language is part of national identity, minority languages have often been discriminated against. In the 19th century, Native Australians and American Indians were not allowed to use their native languages in public in Australia and the United States. It was also illegal to speak Celtic languages in Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the street. Some languages die naturally. While the languages of powerful groups have always spread, the languages of smaller cultures have disappeared. Small communities stop speaking their traditional language and choose the more “popular” one. Slowly, older speakers die and the original language is forgotten. Many endangered languages have no written form but they carry amazing knowledge of local environments. Native Australians and South Americans have always used plants to treat people. Unfortunately, many of their languages are dying and this knowledge may one day be lost forever. Christine Davies, from the Enduring Voices project, told us: “We believe we can help save some endangered languages. We are recording the speakers of endangered languages on all continents. For example, in Australia we have recorded the only living speaker of Amurdag. So, this language won’t disappear completely. But while we’re talking now, the last speaker of some native languages all over the world are dying, taking their culture and knowledge with them. So we have to hurry.”

5. The goal of the Enduring Voices project is ________ of some endangered languages.

Tourism and Heritage Protection Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

1. What is the main point of the passage?

Tourism and Heritage Protection Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

2. Why do local people want tourism?

Tourism and Heritage Protection Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

3. What is one problem that tourists create?

Tourism and Heritage Protection Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

4. The word “They” in the second paragraph refers to __________.

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

5. What does the second sentence of the third paragraph mean?

Tourism and Heritage Protection Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

6. Which of the following is NOT the purpose of tourism?

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

7. The word “fake” in the fourth paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

8. All of the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT that __________.

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

9. Which of the following is NOT a problem of tourism?

Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in traditional culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to another country, they often want to learn more about that country’s traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture alive. They will wear traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be dances, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to protect that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates “fake traditional culture”. This means that the local people wear traditional costumes, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar to the tourists’ lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people’s lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an ancient temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter what, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be great for traditional cultures.

10. Who would possibly be interested in the passage most?

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

1. A. ideas B. principles C. regulations D. laws

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

2. A. catch B. hold C. include D. embrace

Cultural Identity The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

3. A. belief B. truth C. emotion D. religion

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

4. A. foundation B. foundations C. establishment D. fact

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

5. A. working B. training C. practising D. doing

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

6. A. shows B. represents C. acts for D. symbolizes

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

7. A. accessed B. tolerated C. experienced D. encountered

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

8. A. influence B. attack C. impress D. alternate

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

9. A. code B. system C. combination D. rule

The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _______ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) _______ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) _______ systems. Some people claim that a person’s cultural identity is the (4) _______ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one’s culture often means (5) _______ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _______ their culture. It creates an outward, visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) _______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) _______ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) _______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years.

10. A. Habits B. Practices C. Traditions D. Festivals

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

1. A. How B. Which C. Why D. What

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

2. A. institution B. foundation C. organization D. principle

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

3. A. relate B. relating C. related D. to relate

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

4. A. in B. for C. of D. to

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

5. A. especial B. special C. specific D. typical

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

6. A. find B. look C. search D. seek

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

7. A. by which B. how C. when D. where

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

8. A. long B. much C. soon D. well

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

9. A. any longer B. any more C. no longer D. no more

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

10. A. at once B. once C. one time D. for once

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

11. A. goes B. flies C. passes D. walks

Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(1) ____ is cultural identity?"? Culture is the underlying (2) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (3) ____ to the world around them. It is the basis (4) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to (5) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (6) ____ for our roots. Knowing (7) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (8) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life. As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (9) ____ can identify themselves with the things that were (10) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (11) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (12) ____.

12. A. pronouncing B. pronounce C. pronounced D. been pronouncing

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment. “Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

1. Which sentence best explains the main idea of paragraph 1?

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment. “Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

2. It is stated that the "honeymoon stage” ____.

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment. “Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

3. In paragraph 1, the word novelties probably means ____.

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment. “Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

4. In paragraph 2, the word host probably means ____.

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through before they adjust to life in their new environment. “Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage "rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

5. Which of the following is NOT true according the passage?