WorksheetsBio Final
Total questions: 118
Worksheet time: 2hrs 37mins
A polar covalent bond can form when
there is loss of one or more electrons from one atom to another atom the same molcule
there is gain of one or more electrons from one atom to another atom of the same molecule
one of the atoms has a greater affinity for electrons than the other atom of the same molecule
one of the atoms has a greater affinity for neutrons than the other atom of the same molecule
two atoms of a molecule attract electrons equally
The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
a covalent bond
a hydrogen bond
an ionic bond
a hydrophilic bond
a hydrophobic bond
An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between
C and H in methane (CH4)
the H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule
Na+ and Cl= in salt
the two hydrogen atoms in a molecule of hydrogen gas (H2)
Mg+ and Cl- in Mgcl2
Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because
oxygen has a valence of 2
the water molecule is shaped like a tetrahedron
the bonds that hold together the atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent bonds
the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a weak positive charge
each of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule is weakly negative in charge
Which is possible due to the high surface tension of water?
lakes don't freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures
a water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond
organisms resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions
water can act as a solvent
the pH of water remains exactly neutral
hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules
polar substances that repel water molecules
polar substances that have an affinity for water
charged molecules that hydrogen-bond with water molecules
which of the following is not one of the four major groups of macromolecules found in living organisms?
glucose
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
a molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is probably a
carbohydrate
lipid
protein
nucleic acid
hydrocarbon
which of the following are polysaccharides?
glycogen
starch
chitin
A and B only
A, B, and C
what bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
phophodiester bonds
ionic bonds
what maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
ionic bonds
phosphodiester bonds
the tertiary structure of a protein is the
bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds
order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain
unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide
organization of a polypeptide chain into an a-helix or a pleated sheet
overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits
a strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific three-dimensional shape is a(n)
ionic bond
hydrophobic interaction
van der Waals interaction
disulfide bond
hydrogen bond
at which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
all of the above
what is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to a disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?
hydrolysis
stabilization
destabilization
renaturation
denaturation
which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?
cytosine and guanine
guanine and adenine
adenine and thymine
thymine and uracil
uracil and cytosine
in the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to
deoxyribose
ribose
adenine
thymine
guanine
the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate is the
sugar-phosphate backbone
complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes
twisting of the molecule to form a helix
three-component structure of the nucleotides
Water is important for all living organisms. The functions of water are directly related to it physical properties. Describe how the properties of water contribute to TWO of the following
a. Transpiration
b. plasma membrane structure
c. thermoregulation in endotherms
Water serves as a reactant and a product in the carbon cycle. Discuss the role of water in the carbon cycle
Discuss the impact of one human activity on the water cycle.
Proteins- large complex molecules- are building blocks of all living organisms. Discuss the following in relation to proteins.
a.) the chemical composition and levels of structure of proteins
b.) the roles of proteins in membrane structure and transport of molecules across the membrane
The properties of water dictate many chemical reactions present in the cell.
a.) Water is cohesive. Define cohesion and explain the chemical interactions and properties that make water cohesive.
b.) The characteristics of water are of central importance to the arrangement of the cell membrane. Describe and discuss how it is that water exerts this effect.
What is the main difference between passive transport and active transport?
passive transport needs energy, active transport does not
active transport needs energy, passive transport does not
only passive transport involves a protein
only active transport can transport ions across the cell membrane
Which of the following are involved in facilitated diffusion? (1) channel proteins, (2) carrier proteins, (3) pumps, (4) vesicles
1 only
1 and 2
3 and 4
1, 2, and 4
If there are 10,000 calcium ions inside the cell and 2,000 calcium ions outside the cell, in which direction will these ions naturally flow?
they will flow from outside the cell in
they will flow from inside the cell out
they will flow from the inside of one cell into the next cell
calcium ions cannot flow in or out of the cell
Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes?
simple diffusion through the membrane
facilitated diffusion through membrane proteins
active transport through membrane proteins
active transport through aquaporins
Osmosis is the
diffusion of ions and small molecules
diffusion of glucose and proteins
diffusion of water
active transport of water, ions, or small molecules
Which of the following are types of active transport? (1) the sodium-potassium pump, (2) exocytosis, (3) endocytosis, (4) osmosis
1 only
2 and 3
1, 2, and 3
1, 2, 3, and 4
What part of the cell determines what enters and leaves the cell?
the plasma membrane
the nucleus
the vesicles
the Golgi apparatus
Which of the following predicts what happens to red blood cells that have been cultured in an isotonic solution and are then placed in distilled water?
the cells remain unchanged
the cells shrivel
the cells swell and lyse
the cells become dormant
Which of the following proteins changes shape as it transfers materials across the membrane?
channel proteins
protein pumps
vesicles
osmosis proteins
Which of the following is a type of passive transport?
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
simple diffusion
all of the above
Which of the following is true about the sodium-potassium pump?
the pump performs passive transport
the pump performs active transport because energy from ATP is used
the pump uses the same protein binding site for both ions since they are both positively changed
the pump uses facilitated diffusion as charges move along their gradients
Which of the following best describes the movement of potassium and sodium ions by the sodium potassium pump?
sodium is moved against its gradient while potassium is moved along its gradient
sodium is moved along its gradient while potassium is moved against its gradient
both sodium and potassium are moved along their gradients
both sodium and potassium are moved against their gradients
Which process plays an important role in homeostasis?
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
exocytosis
all of the above
During active transport, molecules move from an area of ______ concentration to an area of _______ concentration
higher, lower
lower, higher
higher, the same
lower, the same
By moving substances into and out of cells, (a) , the process of keeping stable conditions inside a cell, is maintained.
A (a) pump changes shape as it carries ions or molecules across the membrane.
Exocytosis is the type of (a) transport that moves a substance out of the cell.
The sodium-potassium (a) is involved in the active transport of ions.
Facilitated diffusion needs the help of (a) proteins.
(a) refers to the number of particles of a substance per unit of volume.
(a) is the type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell.
Energy for active transport is supplied by molecules of (a)
(a) is the diffusion of water.
During active transport, a substance is moving from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.
(a)
(a) diffusion involves transport proteins.
(a) transport does not need an input of energy from the cell.
(a) proteins form pores in the membrane.
Carrier proteins transport specific (a) or molecules across the cell membrane.
The sodium-potassium pump transports ______ ions out of the cell, and ______ ions into the cell.
(a)
The process of maintaining a stable environment (or condition) inside a cell is (a) .
_______ _______ determine the direction of the diffusion of water.
(a)
Exocytosis is the type of (a) transport that moves a substance out of the cell.
Osmosis is the diffusion of small molecules
True
False
Oxygen and carbon dioxide can squeeze between the phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane
True
False
The energy for passive transport comes from ATP.
True
False
The sodium-potassium pump actually changes shape as it shuttles ions across the cell membrane.
True
False
The plasma membrane controls everything that enters and leaves the cell.
True
False
Endocytosis is a type of active transport that moves a substance out of the cell.
True
False
Explain why cell does not respond to a hypotonic solution in the same way as a hypertonic solution.
Which best describes how this ecosystem is able to have habitable conditions for fish even in winter months?
ice floats as a solid due to spatial arrangements of water molecules due to hydrogen bonds, creating a layer of insulation above the water in winter months
heated water sinks during the winter months, creating habitable conditions at the bottom of the lake where fish have more oxygen for respiration
ice forms at the surface and remains there due to surface tension, creating a habitat for plants and fish to grow and survive at the top of the pond only
light is trapped by the layer of ice, increasing conditions for photosynthesis during winter months, which provides food for fish and other aquatic species
Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water?
covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms of one water and the oxygen atoms of another water molecule
hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and the hydrogen atoms of another water molecule
hydrogen bonds between two oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules
hydrogen bonds between water molecules and other types of molecules
In a typical cellular protein molecule, where would the hydrophilic amino acids most likely be located?
in the interior of the folded protein, away from the liquid cytosol
on the exterior of the surface protein, exposed to the liquid cytosol
in the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane
interacting with nonpolar functional groups
Which statement best describes the role of carbohydrates in organisms?
plants continually make glucose through photosynthesis and have no mechanism for carbohydrate storage
animals use lipids as a short term energy storage
animals and plants have different strategies for storage, but both involve starches
plants use carbohydrates solely for structure while animals use them for energy
Alpha helix coils are a mechanism to stabilize the structure of a protein. Which of the following best explains how these alpha helices form?
hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbone atoms helps form alpha helices
disulfide bridges between cytesine side chains help form alpha helices
peptide linkages that covalently bond amino acids help form alpha helices
an abundance of amino acids with electrically charged side chains helps form alpha helices
Which of the following best describes the structure and function of a particular lipid?
lipids are classified as fats in animals and are not a require component for nutrition
lipids make good cell surface receptors since they can bind to the plasma membrane
phospholipids have both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic component
none of the above are correct about lipids
Which of the following best describes the structural level of a protein that is not impacted by hydrogen bonding?
the primary structure, which is the linear sequence of amino acids
the secondary structure comprised of an alpha helix
the secondary structure containing beta-pleated sheets
the tertiary structure that depends on the side chains of amino acids
If four monosaccharides are joined to form a polysaccharide, how many water molecules will be removed in the synthesis of the product?
one
two
three
four
What statement about the nitrogenous base pairing is correct?
DNA segments containing more A-T pairs cannot separate due to the covalent bonds between bases
DNA segments containing many more G-C pairs cannot separate due to ionic bonds between bases
DNA segments containing more A-T pairs separate more easily due to fewer hydrogen bonds across the molecule
DNA segments containing more C-G pairs separate more easily due to fewer phosphodiester bonds across the molecule
What explains the ability of a water strider to walk along the surface of the pond?
the upper surface of the water has a greater density than the water below it, creating a surface tension for the water strider
the water molecules bond to the molecules on the insect's legs, preventing the insect from breaking the surface tension
covalent bonds within water molecules are strong enough to allow the water strider to walk along the surface
hydrogen bonds between adjacent water molecules create a tension that is not broken by the water strider
variable that you change
dependent
independent
control
variable that is measured
dependent
independent
control
Which of these correctly matches the molecule with the energy storage in an organism?
fats are used as long term energy storage in plant leaves
oils and starch are used as energy storage in plant seeds
starch is used as energy storage in animal muscle tissue
glycogen is used as energy storage in plant stems
The function of macromolecules is an outgrowth of their subunits. Which of the following macromolecules is correctly paired with its structural determining properties?
RNA: the shape of the molecule determines the sequence of its protein
protein: the shape of the molecule determines it function
DNA: the sequence of the monomers determines how much energy the molecule can carry
carbohydrate: the sequence of monosaccharides determines the shape of the molecule
All organisms are made of more than one cell
True
False
For cells, a smaller size is more efficient
True
False
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus
true
false
Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions than prokaryotic cells
true
false
The water-hating hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid bilayer face the outside of the cell membrane.
true
false
Ribosomes can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
true
false
Small hydrophobic molecules can easily pass through the plasma membrane
true
false
The plasma membrane is a single phospholipid layer that supports and protects a cell and controls what enters and leaves it
true
false
The cytoskeleton is made from thread-like filaments and tubules
true
false
In organ-level organization, different cells are specialized for different functions
true
false
The "power plant" of the cell is the
nucleus
ribosome
cholorplast
mitochondria
Structures specific in plant cells but not in animal cells include
a large central vacuole
the mitochondria
the cell membrane
the cytoplasts
Having tissues that digest food, such as in the jellyfish, is an example of
cell-level organization
tissue-level organization
organ-level organization
organ system-level organization
The plasma membrane contains which of the following?
phospholipids
cholesterol molecules
many proteins
all of the above
Which of the following is true of the nucleus?
the nucleus is considered the control center of the cell
the nucleus contains all the cell's DNA
all cells have a nucleus
all of the above
Which structure determines what molecules can enter and leave the cell?
the plasma membrane
the cell wall
the nucleus
all of the above
Which organelle may have allowed early eukaryotes to make food and produce oxygen?
the Golgi apparatus
the central vacuole
the chloroplast
the cell wall
Organelles in prokaryotic cells include the
mitochondria
cytoskeleton
Golgi complex
none of the above
A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that
prokaryotic cells have a flagellum
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm
eukaryotic cells have ribosomes
Cell size is limited by the
amount of cytoplasm
cell's ability to get rid of wastes
the size of the nucleus
the size of the plasma membrane
All cells have the following
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
plasma membrane, nucleus, and DNA
DNA, ribosomes, and cell wall
plasma membrane, cyotplasm, and nucleus
All organisms are made up of one or more (a)
All cells have certain parts in common, including a plasma membrane, _______, ________, and DNA.
(a)
Proteins are made at the (a)
Lack of (a) is typical of prokaryotic cells
(a) cells are usually larger than prokaryotic cells.
(a) contain DNA, but do not contain cytoplasm or ribosomes
In a eukaryotic cell, DNA is found in the (a)
(a) is the genetic instructions that cells need to make proteins
The plasma membrane is a bilayer of (a) that surrounds a cell
A cell's shape is generally related to the cell's (a)
(a) are cells without a nucleus
The (a) is often considered to be the cell's control center.
The (a) consists of everything inside the plasma membrane of the cell that is not an organelle.
The plasma membrane forms a (a) between the inside and outside of the cell.
The (a) is essentially a "skeleton" inside the cell
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with (a)
(a) cells specifically have a cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that helps make and transport (a) and lipids
B.) Describe two pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.
C.) Explain how compartmentalization of organelles within a eukaryotic cell benefits the cell.
Discuss the properties of the plasma membrane that allow it to be described as a fluid mosaic. Include the specifics of the phospholipid bilayer and how it interacts with water.
in the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to
deoxyribose
ribose
adenine
thymine
guanine
