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WorksheetsAP Human Geography - Unit 4: Political Patterns and Processes
Total questions: 52
Worksheet time: 30mins
What is a 'Nation'?
A group of people that share a common cultural heritage, a claim to a homeland, and a desire to establish their own state or express
self-rule
A state where a singular ethnic or cultural group constitutes MOST of its permanent population
A state that has more than one nation within its borders; tends to have one politically and/or culturally dominant nation
A nation without a state of their own; located within one or multiple states; MAY have their own political organization, though unlikely
What is a 'Multinational State'?
A group of people that share a common cultural heritage, a claim to a homeland, and a desire to establish their own state or express
self-rule
A state where a singular ethnic or cultural group constitutes MOST of its permanent population
A state that has more than one nation within its borders; tends to have one politically and/or culturally dominant nation
A nation without a state of their own; located within one or multiple states; MAY have their own political organization, though unlikely
What is a 'Nation-State'?
A group of people that share a common cultural heritage, a claim to a homeland, and a desire to establish their own state or express
self-rule
A state where a singular ethnic or cultural group constitutes MOST of its permanent population; the borders of a state aligns with the borders of the nation
A state that has more than one nation within its borders; tends to have one politically and/or culturally dominant nation
A nation without a state of their own; located within one or multiple states; MAY have their own political organization, though unlikely
What is a 'Stateless Nation'?
A group of people that share a common cultural heritage, a claim to a homeland, and a desire to establish their own state or express
self-rule
A state where a singular ethnic or cultural group constitutes MOST of its permanent population; the borders of a state aligns with the borders of the nation
A state that has more than one nation within its borders; tends to have one politically and/or culturally dominant nation
A nation without a state of their own; located within one or multiple states; MAY have their own political organization, though unlikely
What is a 'Multistate Nation'?
A nation that possesses a state of its own but stretches over the borders of other states
A state that has more than one nation within its borders; tends to have one politically and/or culturally dominant nation
A nation without a state of their own; located within one or multiple states; MAY have their own political organization, though unlikely
A group of people that share a common cultural heritage, a claim to a homeland, and a desire to establish their own state or express
self-rule
What is an 'Autonomous Region'?
A region within a state that is granted a HIGH degree of self-governing and freedom from its parent state; authority is given to geographically, ethnically, or culturally distinct areas
A region that is constantly trying to gain political independence from another state
A region within a state that is granted a LOW degree of self-governing and freedom from its parent state
The process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government
What is the 'authority of a state to govern itself or another state'? It is the action rather than the process.
Autonomy
Sovereignty
Self-Determination
Independence Movements
What is 'Autonomy' in terms of APHUG?
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
Where a country or nation determines its own statehood, alliance, and power over resources
The branch of science concerned with the bodily structure of humans, animals, and other living organisms, especially as revealed by dissection and the separation of parts
The freedom to decide what government you are ruled by without an outside force; A right of self-government
What is it called when a country 'determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government'? It is the process rather than the action.
Sovereignty
Autonomy
Self-Determination
Independence Movements
What is it called when a country is 'willing to influence others or shape events by asserting control over a space'? It is the practice of sovereignty.
Sovereignty
Territoriality
Geopolitics
Devolution
How does colonialism and imperialism impact contemporary political geography?
They resulted in many states in Europe to become poor and often dependent on former colonial powers
They both created most of the borders between countries existing today. Often, civil wars break out as a result of independence movements
To be honest with you, I have no clue
The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically
What was convened in 1884-1885 to straighten out which country controlled what land in Africa and Asia, by drawing borders that were often geometric?
The Berlin Conference; most of the borders exist today and were superimposed without conferring with tribal leaders/the indigenous
The Treaty of Versailles; subjected Germany to strict punitive measures to punish them for their hand in the Central Powers
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The Magna Carta; the first document to put into writing the principle that the king and his government was not above the law
What type of states did the Berlin Conference often result in, after the states' independence, and why?
Multinational; cultural boundaries were not followed by the European powers and often grouped or separated many nations
Diaspora; many nations were driven off by civil war and abhorrent, inhumane acts
Multinational; the nations within the state had no homeland to go back to
Stateless Nations; the superimposed boundaries grouped many different nations together
What is 'nationalism'? Choose ALL that apply.
Advocacy of or support for the political independence of a particular nation or people
Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests
A centripetal force that brings people of a nation within a country
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Why were boundaries imposed by Europe remain in newly independent states within Africa? Pick ALL that apply.
Because a tsunami came and killed all the tribal and state leaders. Thus, nothing could be set right amidst the chaos.
Because independence was won by the colonies rather than cultural groups. Borders of a state, however new, do not instantly change as there are disputes with territory.
Because European powers had often pitted cultural groups against each other. They are too busy resenting one another, or committing violent acts, to sit down and peacefully divide the state between themselves.
Because European powers convened with supranational organizations in order to prevent newly independent states from changing their borders.
Why do states that have many independence movements resort to devolution? Select ALL that apply.
In order to rule the world.
In order to pacify discontent so that a state maintains control over the region(s).
In order to prevent the region(s) from breaking off from the state, thus preventing the loss of capita, resources, and labor.
In order to heighten the state's sovereignty.
What is the 'transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration'?
Balkanization
Devolution
Neocolonialism
Territoriality
What can devolution lead to or result in? Select ALL that apply.
Autonomous Regions
Empower ethnic groups or autonomous regions to seek greater independence
Balkanization
Further divide a state's total population
What are examples of a stateless nation? Select ALL that apply.
The Koreans
The Palestinians
The French
The Catalans
What is 'Balkanization'?
The transfer of power from a central government to local, regional, or provincial administrations
The complete separation or fragmentation of a state into several other states (often conflicting) along national lines with a defined ethnic majority
The breaking up of a pizza when you accidentally drop the box, letting the slices slip onto your carpeted floor
A willingness of a person or a group to influence others or shape events by asserting control over a space
Why is Catalonia calling for independence from Spain? Select ALL that apply.
Because they could afford to be sovereign
Because they have an expansive history that is separate from Spain
Because they are ethnically and culturally separated from Spain by the Pyrenees (a mountain range)
Because they feel that they are given too much responsibility for the other regions even though they rake in the most income
Why doesn't Spain want to let go of Catalonia? What do they do to appease the region? Select 2 answers.
Catalonia is the most richest and most industrialized region in Spain
Spain granted Catalonia some power through the process of devolution
Spain held a vote in Catalonia to see what percentage of Catalans want to break free
Catalonia has the world's largest oil reserve
Define 'Geopolitics'.
The belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated
The study of the physical features of the earth and of human activity
The study of fossils to classify organisms and study their interactions with each other and their environments
The study of the effects of geography on politics and relations among states
What is the largest stateless nation? Where are they located? Select 2 answers.
China
The Kurds
The Cantonese
Turkey, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, and Syria
What is an example of a state exercising territoriality in a political sense?
A state bombing ships 1,000 nautical miles from its shores
A state preventing unauthorized aircraft from flying over its territory
A state suppressing a minority group in order to lay claim to a piece of land
A state initiating a war against emus
What doesn't fit in?
Heartland Theory
Rimland Theory
Organic Theory
Homeland Theory
What is the theory by biologist Fredrich Ratzel (1844-1904)?
Natural Selection Theory
Organic Theory
Heartland Theory
Rimland Theory
Which theory says that 'states are born and require nourishment and living space to survive'? What, exactly, could this mean? Select 2 answers.
Heartland Theory
Organic Theory
If your neighbor has the resources you need, then it is your right to go get it
If you control the land that best grows the crops, then you are in good condition
What is the theory by Sir Halford Mackinder (1861-1947)?
Natural Selection Theory
Organic Theory
Heartland Theory
Rimland Theory
Which theory says that 'land-based power is essential in global domination'? What, exactly, could this mean? Select 2 answers.
Heartland Theory
Organic Theory
If you control the heartland (Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, where crops grow best), then you can takeover Eurasia and Africa
If you (a state) control more land in the coastal regions, then you possess more varied resources than the heartland
What is the theory by Nicholas Spykman (1893-1943)?
Heartland Theory
Spykman Theory
Rimland Theory
Organic Theory
Which theory says that 'power is derived from controlling strategic maritime areas of the world'? What, exactly, could this mean? Select 2 answers.
Rimland Theory
Spykman Theory
You need to control where most people live, which has shown that it is in coastal areas. The Rimland is more crucial because they have more varied resources, more people, and access to the sea
If you control the heartland (Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia, where crops grow best), then you can takeover Eurasia and Africa
What is it called when a political power (often a former imperial power) utilizes economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries (often former dependencies)? Why does this happen? Select 2 answers.
When European colonists "left", they often forced the dependencies to sign cooperation agreements. In exchange for independence, the colonists get a market
Neocolonialism
Terrorism
When a former imperial power targets former colonies in order to get cheap labor
What are 'geographical features on land or sea that are traversed by tradeships, armed forces, or tourists'? These are places that are vital to many countries and are susceptible to traffic, manipulation, or blockades.
Vital Points
Choke Points
Shatterbelts
Satellite States
What is NOT an example of a Choke Point?
The Sahara Desert
The Strait of Gibraltar
The Suez Canal
The Strait of Hormuz
Why is the Strait of Gibraltar a choke point? This is in 4.3: Political Power and Territoriality notes.
Because it is a maritime shortcut that saves time and costs in transporting all kinds of goods
It is a naval choke point because a small number of ships can block the passage from the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean Sea
Everyone in the South China Sea wants them because they are important for trade, fishing, and possibly for oil reserves
Because it connects the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and is vital to the flow of goods
What are regions or states that are usually pitted against other regions or states by two larger (more influential) powers?
Autonomous Regions
Shatterbelts
Choke Points
Satellite States
What is an 'area of instability located between regions with opposing political and cultural values'?
Autonomous Regions
Choke Points
Shatterbelts
Colonies
What are examples of shatterbelts? Select ALL that apply.
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
The Middle East
The Balkans
Where are the Basques located? Why do they want independence or further autonomy? Select 2 answers.
In order to preserve their monetary income from the other regions of Spain
On the border between France and Spain
Spread through Turkey, Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, and Syria
In order to preserve their culture and identifying characteristics. A mountain range separates Basque Country from the rest of Spain
What is a 'Relic' boundary?
A boundary drawn before a large population was present
A boundary drawn to accommodate religion, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences
A boundary that no longer exists but evidence of it still exists on the landscape
A boundary drawn by outside powers
What is the Berlin Wall an example of?
Relic Boundary
Antecedent Boundary
Consequent Boundary
Allocational Boundary
What is a 'Superimposed' boundary?
A boundary drawn by outside powers
A boundary that coincides with some preexisting cultural divide
A boundary drawn to accommodate religions, ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences
A boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape
What is the state border of the Democratic Republic of Congo an example of?
Consequent Boundary
Superimposed Boundary
Antecedent Boundary
Relic Boundary
What is a 'Subsequent/Ethnographic' boundary?
A boundary that coincides with a preexisting cultural divide; implemented to honor an ethnic group despite the divide existing before
A boundary that takes into account existing cultural or physical landscapes
A boundary drawn before a large population was present
A boundary drawn to accommodate religions, or ethnic, linguistic, or economic differences; often due to changes
What is the boundary between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland an example of?
Militarized Border
Subsequent Boundary
Consequent Boundary
Relic Boundary
What is an 'Antecedent' boundary?
A boundary that follows a straight line or arc, often following lines of longitude and latitude; does not follow any physical geography
A boundary that no longer exists, but evidence of it still exists on the landscape
A boundary drawn by outside powers
A boundary that existed before a large population was present
What is the 49th Parallel being used as a border between the US and Canada an example of?
Antecedent Boundary
Geometric Boundary
Consequent Boundary
Subsequent Boundary
Why is the 49th Parallel border between the US and Canada an example of an antecedent boundary?
Because the border follows the 49th parallel and doesn't follow any physical feature
Because despite there being only forests with a relatively small population in the area, the countries decided to draw a border anyway
Because a ball of twine and compass was used to mark the US-Canada border
Because the boundary is relatively straight on a map
What is a 'Geometric' boundary?
A boundary drawn by outside powers
A boundary that coincides with some preexisting cultural divide, such as religion or culture
A boundary that follows a straight line or arc, often following lines of longitude and latitude; does not follow any physical geography
A boundary drawn before a large population was present
What is the boundary between Libya and Egypt an example of?
Antecedent Boundary
Geometric Boundary
Superimposed Boundary
Relic Boundary
What is the boundary between Iraq and Saudi Arabia an example of? Select 2 that apply.
Superimposed
Antecedent
Geometric
Relic
