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WorksheetsETEC Exam Review - Operating Systems
Total questions: 84
Worksheet time: 42mins
When CPU is executing the system call, the system is in _______ kernel mode user mode both kernel and user mode neither kernel nor user mode
kernel mode
user mode
both kernel and user mode
neither kernel nor user mode
What is a characteristic of a privileged state in an operating system? Limited access to system resources Full access to system resources Restricted execution of privileged instructions Equal access as non-privileged states
Limited access to system resources
Full access to system resources
Restricted execution of privileged instructions
Equal access as non-privileged states
Which of the following statements is TRUE about non-privileged states? Non-privileged states have unrestricted access to system resources. Non-privileged states can execute privileged instructions. Non-privileged states operate with limited access to certain resources. Non-privileged states have higher security privileges.
Non-privileged states have unrestricted access to system resources.
Non-privileged states can execute privileged instructions.
Non-privileged states operate with limited access to certain resources.
Non-privileged states have higher security privileges.
What is the purpose of having privileged and non-privileged states in an operating system? To simplify user interactions To improve system performance To enhance security and control access to critical resources To ensure backward compatibility
To simplify user interactions
To improve system performance
To enhance security and control access to critical resources
To ensure backward compatibility
Which term is commonly used to describe a switch from non-privileged to privileged mode in a processor? Context switch Priority inversion System call Interrupt
Context switch
Priority inversion
System call
Interrupt
In a multi-user operating system, why is it important to have privileged and non-privileged states? To increase system complexity To allow users full control over the system To prevent users from interfering with each other and the system To provide additional features to non-privileged users
To increase system complexity
To allow users full control over the system
To prevent users from interfering with each other and the system
To provide additional features to non-privileged users
Which mode does the CPU operate in when executing user applications? Non-privileged mode Kernel mode Supervisor mode Protected mode
Non-privileged mode
Kernel mode
Supervisor mode
Protected mode
What is a common method for a user-level program to request services from the operating system in a non-privileged state? System call Interrupt Exception I/O operation
System call
Interrupt
Exception
I/O operation
Which of the following is an advantage of having privileged states in an operating system? Increased user flexibility Simplified hardware design Enhanced system security Improved graphical user interface
Increased user flexibility
Simplified hardware design
Enhanced system security
Improved graphical user interface
Which component of the operating system is responsible for handling privileged instructions? Scheduler Kernel Device driver File system
Scheduler
Kernel
Device driver
File system
A context switch occurs _____ when the CPU switches from one process to another when the process terminates what the PCB is created when process is in ready queue
when the CPU switches from one process to another
when the process terminates
what the PCB is created
when process is in ready queue
Which of the following is TRUE on process creation? Parent and children share all resources Children share subset of parent's resources Parent and child share no resources All of the above
Parent and children share all resources
Children share subset of parent's resources
Parent and child share no resources
All of the above
Which of the following will be terminated first by Android? Visible process Empty process Foreground process Background process
Visible process
Empty process
Foreground process
Background process
To ensure that a process can access only those addresses in its address space, we can use_____. Cache Backing Store Fragmentation Base and Limit registers
Cache
Backing Store
Fragmentation
Base and Limit registers
System call is _____ An Application Programming Interface (API) A user interface A process to boot the system A programming interface to the services provided by the OS
An Application Programming Interface (API)
A user interface
A process to boot the system
A programming interface to the services provided by the OS
What is a process in the context of operating systems? A program in execution A folder containing system files A collection of device drivers A hardware component
A program in execution
A folder containing system files
A collection of device drivers
A hardware component
What is the primary purpose of process management in an operating system? To organize system files To allocate system resources To optimize disk access To enhance network security
To organize system files
To allocate system resources
To optimize disk access
To enhance network security
In a multiprogramming environment, what is the term for the act of switching between different processes to ensure continuous execution? Process termination Context switching Memory allocation File synchronization
Process termination
Context switching
Memory allocation
File synchronization
What is a critical section in the context of process synchronization? A part of the program that requires exclusive access to shared resources A section of memory reserved for the operating system A step in the boot process of the operating system A part of the processor dedicated to system tasks
A part of the program that requires exclusive access to shared resources
A section of memory reserved for the operating system
A step in the boot process of the operating system
A part of the processor dedicated to system tasks
What is the purpose of a process control block (PCB) in process management? To store the program code To manage disk space To track the state of a process To allocate main memory
To store the program code
To manage disk space
To track the state of a process
To allocate main memory
Which of the following is FALSE about one-to-one multithreading model? More concurrency than many-to-one Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread Creating a user-level thread creates a kernel thread Each kernel thread generates a system call
More concurrency than many-to-one
Each user-level thread maps to kernel thread
Creating a user-level thread creates a kernel thread
Each kernel thread generates a system call
Which of the following is TRUE about Thread pools? A method for the programmer to create threads explicitly A number of threads in a pool where they await for work #pragma omp parallel directive should be used A system call to create threads
A method for the programmer to create threads explicitly
A number of threads in a pool where they await for work
#pragma omp parallel directive should be used
A system call to create threads
What is a thread in the context of operating systems? A folder containing system files A lightweight process A device driver A hardware component
A folder containing system files
A lightweight process
A device driver
A hardware component
What is the primary advantage of using threads in a multithreading environment? Increased security Improved disk access Enhanced concurrency Simplified programming
Increased security
Improved disk access
Enhanced concurrency
Simplified programming
What is a race condition in the context of multithreading? A situation where two threads collaborate successfully A condition for starting a new thread A situation where multiple threads access shared data concurrently, leading to unexpected results A condition for terminating a thread
A situation where two threads collaborate successfully
A condition for starting a new thread
A situation where multiple threads access shared data concurrently, leading to unexpected results
A condition for terminating a thread
What is the difference between a process and a thread? A process is a lightweight version of a thread A thread is a lightweight version of a process Processes and threads are synonymous Threads are used only in single-threaded applications
A process is a lightweight version of a thread
A thread is a lightweight version of a process
Processes and threads are synonymous
Threads are used only in single-threaded applications
In the context of multithreading, what is thread synchronization used for? To terminate threads To schedule threads To avoid race conditions and ensure data consistency To increase thread priority
To terminate threads
To schedule threads
To avoid race conditions and ensure data consistency
To increase thread priority
What is the purpose of a mutex in multithreading? To terminate threads To synchronize thread execution To allocate memory for threads To manage thread priorities
To terminate threads
To synchronize thread execution
To allocate memory for threads
To manage thread priorities
What is a deadlock in the context of multithreading? A situation where two threads collaborate successfully A condition for starting a new thread A situation where two or more threads are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource A condition for terminating a thread
A situation where two threads collaborate successfully
A condition for starting a new thread
A situation where two or more threads are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a resource
A condition for terminating a thread
What is the advantage of parallelism in multithreading? Improved security Increased efficiency and faster execution Simplified programming Reduced memory usage
Improved security
Increased efficiency and faster execution
Simplified programming
Reduced memory usage
In process scheduling, the aim is to ___ increase the response time maintain the response time decrease the response time It has nothing to do with response time
increase the response time
maintain the response time
decrease the response time
It has nothing to do with response time
Scheduling algorithms can be evaluated according to the following criteria _____ CPU utilization Throughput Turnaround time All of the above
CPU utilization
Throughput
Turnaround time
All of the above
What is process scheduling in the context of operating systems? Allocating system resources to processes Determining the order in which processes will execute Managing disk space for processes Controlling access to shared data
Allocating system resources to processes
Determining the order in which processes will execute
Managing disk space for processes
Controlling access to shared data
What is meant by preemptive scheduling in operating systems? Processes voluntarily yield the CPU Processes cannot be interrupted once they start executing The operating system can forcibly interrupt a currently running process Processes share the CPU without interruption
Processes voluntarily yield the CPU
Processes cannot be interrupted once they start executing
The operating system can forcibly interrupt a currently running process
Processes share the CPU without interruption
What is the time quantum in the Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithm? The total time taken by a process to complete The time a process is allowed to run before being preempted The time a process is waiting in the ready queue The time a process spends in the blocked state
The total time taken by a process to complete
The time a process is allowed to run before being preempted
The time a process is waiting in the ready queue
The time a process spends in the blocked state
Which among the following scheduling algorithms is most likely to produce the minimum average waiting time and turnaround time? First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) Least Recently Used (LRU) Priority Scheduling Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF)
First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS)
Least Recently Used (LRU)
Priority Scheduling
Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF)
What is the primary disadvantage of the Priority Scheduling algorithm? High turnaround time for short processes Starvation of low-priority processes Poor CPU utilization Complexity in implementation
High turnaround time for short processes
Starvation of low-priority processes
Poor CPU utilization
Complexity in implementation
What is the primary goal of scheduling algorithms in operating systems? Maximizing CPU utilization Minimizing process waiting time Balancing system resources Enhancing I/O operations
Maximizing CPU utilization
Minimizing process waiting time
Balancing system resources
Enhancing I/O operations
How does the First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) scheduling algorithm prioritize processes? Based on process priority levels Based on the shortest burst time Based on arrival order Based on process execution time
Based on process priority levels
Based on the shortest burst time
Based on arrival order
Based on process execution time
What is the purpose of the Aging mechanism in scheduling algorithms? To increase the priority of older processes To prevent priority inversion To decrease the waiting time of short processes To improve CPU efficiency
To increase the priority of older processes
To prevent priority inversion
To decrease the waiting time of short processes
To improve CPU efficiency
The mapping from virtual to physical addresses is done by a hardware device called ____ Central processing unit Nonvolatile memory Device controller Memory management unit
Central processing unit
Nonvolatile memory
Device controller
Memory management unit
Which is TRUE about virtual memory? The whole program needs to be in memory for execution More I/O needed to swap process Program is constrained by limits of physical memory Logical address space can be larger than physical address space
The whole program needs to be in memory for execution
More I/O needed to swap process
Program is constrained by limits of physical memory
Logical address space can be larger than physical address space
Which of the following is TRUE about Device Controller?
Connection between two devices
Connection for slow devices
Contains processor, microcode, private memory, bus controller, etc
I/O Instruction
Which of the following is FALSE about I/O Interrupts?
Interrupt is the same as polling
Interrupt-request line triggered by I/O device
Interrupt-request line is checked by processor after each instruction
Interrupt vector dispatches interrupt to correct handler
What is the primary goal of I/O management in an operating system?
Maximizing CPU utilization
Minimizing process waiting time
Efficiently managing input and output devices
Balancing memory usage
What is a buffer in the context of I/O management?
A storage area for data temporarily held during I/O operations
A device for reading data from secondary storage
A register in the CPU
A unit of data stored in cache memory
What is the role of Direct Memory Access (DMA) in I/O management?
Translating virtual addresses to physical addresses
Managing communication between the CPU and I/O devices
Allowing I/O devices to transfer data directly to or from memory without CPU intervention
Controlling the flow of data within the CPU
In I/O management, what is polling used for?
To determine the order of process execution
To manage I/O devices asynchronously
To reduce process waiting time
To continuously check the status of I/O devices
What is the purpose of error handling in I/O management?
To allocate memory for I/O operations
To detect and recover from errors during I/O operations
To determine the order of I/O device access
To manage communication between the CPU and I/O devices
What is the significance of the I/O controller in the context of I/O management?
To manage the cache hierarchy
To control the flow of data within the CPU
To interface with I/O devices and initiate data transfers
To allocate CPU time to I/O operations
In this file access method, the information in the file is processed in order, one record after the other
sequential access
logical access
relative access
direct access
What is mounting?
Is a way to partition the device into one or more groups of blocks or pages
Is a disk scheduling algorithm
Is making the file system available for use by the system and its users
Is the disk bandwidth
The following is true on file.
A physical storage unit
A unit of data with a user-defined name and structure
A collection of directories
A buffer in secondary storage
A file with extensions; .obj or .o is an example of file type ____
object
executable
source code
image
The most common directory structure is:
Tree-Structured Directory
Two-Level Directory
Single-Level Directory
Circular Directory
Which of the following is the highest layer of a layered file system?
File organization module
Logical file system
I/O control
Basic file system
The disadvantage of link-based disk allocation method is __:
It is effective for sequential-access files.
It requires space for the pointers.
It supports random-access file.
it requires compaction.
What is the primary purpose of a file system in an operating system?
Efficiently managing input and output devices
Balancing memory usage
Organizing and providing access to files and directories
Controlling the flow of data within the CPU
What is the role of UNIX inode in a file system?
Storing file names and their locations
Managing communication between the CPU and I/O devices
Storing metadata information about a file
Allowing direct access to file data
What is the purpose of a file allocation table (FAT) in a file system?
To store metadata information about files
To manage I/O operations asynchronously
To allocate physical memory to files
To keep track of the allocation status of disk blocks used by files
What is virtualization in the context of operating systems?
Creating virtual copies of physical devices
Simulating user interfaces for applications
Managing input and output devices
Optimizing CPU utilization
What is the role of a hypervisor in a virtualized environment?
Allocating memory for virtual machines
Managing communication between the CPU and I/O devices
Creating and managing virtual machines on a physical host
Controlling the flow of data within the CPU
In hardware virtualization, what is the purpose of the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)?
To manage cache hierarchy
To translate virtual addresses to physical addresses
To control access to files
To provide an interface for managing virtual machines
What is paravirtualization in virtualization technology?
A technique to create fully isolated virtual machines
A method where the guest operating system is modified to be aware of the virtualized environment
A process of allocating memory to virtual machines
A method of managing I/O devices in a virtualized environment
What is a virtual machine snapshot in the context of virtualization?
A physical copy of a virtual machine
A point-in-time image of a virtual machine's state
A software tool for creating virtual devices
A module for managing I/O operations
What is the primary advantage of using virtualization in data centers?
Minimizing CPU utilization
Reducing the need for storage
Increasing the number of virtual machines per physical server
Simplifying I/O operations
What is live migration in virtualization technology?
Moving a virtual machine from one physical host to another without downtime
Translating virtual addresses to physical addresses
Allocating CPU time to virtual machines
Creating a new virtual machine instance
What is Nested Virtualization in the context of hypervisors?
Running multiple virtual machines on the same physical host
Installing a hypervisor within a virtual machine
Creating a virtual network for communication between virtual machines
Allocating memory to virtual machines
What is the purpose of the Integration Services (or Tools) in virtualization environments?
To create virtual networks
To enhance communication between the host and virtual machines
To allocate CPU time to virtual machines
To manage I/O operations
_____ is a technology that allows us to abstract the hardware of a single computer into several different execution environments
Virtualization
Emulation
Simulation
Imitation
What is the purpose of the principle of Least Privilege in security design for operating systems?
Granting maximum privileges to all users
Restricting users and processes to the minimum level of access necessary for their tasks
Providing equal access to all system resources
Allowing users to define their own access permissions
What is the purpose of process isolation in security design?
Allowing processes to share memory space
Preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information
Enabling processes to communicate seamlessly
Allowing processes to execute with maximum privileges
How does access control contribute to security in operating systems?
By maximizing user privileges
By allowing unrestricted access to system resources
By regulating and restricting user access to files and services
By granting all users equal access permissions
What is the purpose of resource encapsulation in the context of security design?
Allowing processes to share resources without restrictions
Hiding the implementation details of system resources from users and processes
Granting processes access to the entire system resource pool
Providing equal access to all system resources
What is an event in the context of operating systems?
A process termination notification
An interrupt generated by hardware or software
A file creation request
A user login event
What is the purpose of an event handler in event management?
To generate events
To respond to and process events
To schedule events
To prioritize events
Which of the following is not a type of event in an operating system?
Interrupt
System call
Exception
Semaphore
What is a callback function in the context of event handling?
A function that calls other functions
A function registered to handle a specific event
A function that handles system calls
A function for memory allocation
Which mechanism is used to prioritize events in event management?
Event queue
Event handler
Semaphore
Mutex
What is the purpose of an event dispatcher in event management?
To generate events
To register events
To dispatch events to their respective handlers
To handle exceptions
What is the primary purpose of an event in an operating system?
To execute a process
To trigger an interrupt
To notify the system of an occurrence
To allocate system resources
Which component is responsible for managing the order in which events are processed in an event-driven system?
Event handler
Event queue
Callback function
Event dispatcher
In the context of event management, what is an event handler?
A device driver
A program that generates events
A function that responds to specific events
An operating system service
What is the purpose of an event-driven programming paradigm in operating systems?
To reduce system boot time
To simplify the user interface
To enhance responsiveness and flexibility
To improve file system performance
