Worksheets4.3 Phylogeny
Total questions: 23
Worksheet time: 12mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What does the fossil record reveal about the macroevolution of life?
a)
Microscopic details
b)
Broad patterns of evolution
c)
Genetic mutations
d)
Sedimentary rock formations
2.
In which type of rock are fossils most commonly found?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Metamorphic
d)
Volcanic
3.
How is the age of fossils determined using radiometric dating?
a)
By measuring the rate of decay of radioactive isotopes
b)
By counting the number of fossils in a layer
c)
By analyzing the color of the fossil
d)
By carbon dating only
4.
Why is carbon dating only accurate for fossils younger than 75,000 years?
a)
It is not accurate at all
b)
Carbon dating has a long half-life
c)
Carbon-14 has a shorter decay time
d)
U-238 decays rapidly
5.
What is a molecular clock used for in phylogeny?
a)
Measuring the absolute time of evolutionary change
b)
Counting the number of mutations
c)
Analyzing DNA structure
d)
Calculating the age of fossils
6.
What is evolutionary stasis?
a)
Rapid evolution
b)
Constant change in lineages
c)
Lineages persisting for long periods without change
d)
Extinction of lineages
7.
What is the significance of living fossils like lungfish?
a)
Lineages experiencing a long period of stasis
b)
Rapidly evolving lineages
c)
Lineages with constant change
d)
Recently discovered lineages
8.
How do biologists build phylogenetic trees?
a)
Collecting data about the characters of each organism
b)
Analyzing rock formations
c)
Studying only genetic sequences
d)
Ignoring behavioral traits
9.
What do features resulting from common ancestry reveal?
a)
Rapid evolution
b)
Evolutionary relationships
c)
Convergent evolution
d)
Analogous traits
10.
What do branch points in a phylogenetic tree represent?
a)
Convergent evolution
b)
Analogous traits
c)
Divergence in the lineage
d)
Extinction events
11.
What is the purpose of an outgroup in phylogenetic analysis?
a)
Present evolutionary history
b)
Common ancestors
c)
Diverged before the lineage of a group
d)
Extinct species
12.
What is cladistics used for in constructing phylogenetic trees?
a)
Analyzing fossils only
b)
Using common ancestry to classify organisms into clades
c)
Ignoring ancestral traits
d)
Relying on morphological features alone
13.
What is an unrooted phylogenetic tree?
a)
A tree without branches
b)
A tree without assumptions about common ancestry
c)
A tree with a unique root node
d)
A tree with only roots
14.
What does a cladogram depict in terms of branch lengths?
a)
Branch lengths do not represent evolutionary time
b)
Branch lengths represent true evolutionary history
c)
Branch lengths vary with each cladogram
d)
Branch lengths represent convergent evolution
15.
What is binomial nomenclature used for?
a)
Classifying organisms into clades
b)
Naming organisms using two terms denoting genus and species
c)
Identifying fossils
d)
Analyzing genetic sequences
16.
What is the domain system in biological classification based on?
a)
Genetic data, specifically rRNA genes
b)
Fossil evidence
c)
Morphological features
d)
Behavioral traits
17.
What does "dichotomous" mean in the context of a dichotomous key?
a)
Divided into three parts
b)
Divided into two parts
c)
Divided into four parts
d)
Indecisive
18.
What is the purpose of mentioning constant characteristics in creating a dichotomous key?
a)
To confuse users
b)
To emphasize variations
c)
To ensure consistent and accurate identification
d)
To increase the number of choices
19.
The oldest fossils
a)
demonstrate the widest distribution.
b)
represent the most highly evolved organisms.
c)
are found buried deeper in the ground than more modern forms.
d)
are found in Africa.
e)
are primitive marine vertebrates.
20.
The time it takes for half of a radioisotope's atoms to decay
a)
cannot be calculated.
b)
is used to construct the geologic time scale.
c)
is its half-life.
d)
is the same for uranium 238 and carbon 14.
e)
is all of these.
21.
The geologic time scale is subdivided on the basis of
a)
the appearance of different radioactive isotopes in different strata.
b)
levels of background extinction.
c)
periods of mass extinction.
d)
the appearance of different radioactive isotopes in different strata and levels of background extinction.
e)
the appearance of different radioactive isotopes in different strata, levels of background extinction, and periods of mass extinction.
22.
Using the analogy of a 12-hour geologic time clock, the first humans appear at
a)
5 a.m.
b)
11:59 a.m.
c)
10 p.m.
d)
11:59 p.m.
23.
Which period is the most recent?
a)
Triassic
b)
Devonian
c)
Permian
d)
Cambrian
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