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WorksheetsMethods of Philosophizing (Definition of terms) quiz)
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
is a half-baked opinion based on insufficient or unexamined evidence. A narrow-minded view. It can be contested and disprove on the basis of facts.
Prejudice
Solid Opinion
while based on facts, is someone’s view on a subject and not facts themselves
Prejudice
Solid Opinion
3 types of knowledge
I know the theory of Idealism very well
Acquaintance knowledge
Ability knowledge
Propositional knowledge
3 types of knowledge
I know how to drive a car
Acquaintance knowledge
Ability knowledge
Propositional knowledge
3 types of knowledge
I know that dogs are mammals
Acquaintance knowledge
Ability knowledge
Propositional knowledge
A statement of actuality or occurrence
FACT
OPINION
BELIEF
Subjective or mind-dependent
FACT
OPINION
BELIEF
Testable for its validity
FACT
OPINION
BELIEF
A conviction based on cultural or personal faith, morality or values
BELIEF
FACT
OPINION
Can be logically disputed or rejected
BELIEF
FACT
OPINION
“Elders are wise people”
BELIEF
OPINION
FACT
it is the most superficial form of mental activity
Thinking
Belief
Imagining
We feel a strong sense of certainty when we observe visible and tangible things.
Thinking
Belief
Imagining
Plato calls _______ characteristics of the scientist. Scientists deal with visible things but not simply with seeing them or their vision of them.
Thinking
Belief
Imagining
Factual. A statement is true if it corelates with a fact in the world. Verifiable by observation or indirect reasoning from observations.
Correspondence Theory
CoherenceTheory
Pragmatic Theory
Logical. Measures clarity and consistency among statements within a system or set of sentences/propositions or belief. A statement is true if it coheres with a designated set or class of statements
Pragmatic Theory
Coherence Theory
Correspondence Theory
Truth of a statement can be defined in terms of the utility, workability or desirability of accepting it.
Pragmatic Theory
Coherence Theory
Correspondence Theory
Truth and facts are the same thing, with no intermediary relation.
Identity Theory
Bacon’s Inductive Method
Empirical Method
Verificationist Theory of meaning
Knowledge has its origin in and derives all of its content from experience. _______ statements are about facts in the world
Identity Theory
Bacon’s Inductive Method
Empirical Method
Referential Theory of meaning
To penetrate into the inner and further recesses of nature, we need to derive our notions from things in a more sure and guarded way-like ridding ourselves of prejudices and looking at things as they are.
Bacon’s Inductive Method
Empirical Method
Verificationist Theory of meaning
Referential Theory of meaning
Method of logical positivism or logical empiricism. A statement is meaningful if and only if there is some objective method to verify its truth.
Bacon’s Inductive Method
Empirical Method
Verificationist Theory of meaning
Referential Theory of meaning
The meaning of a word solely consists of its reference or the object it refers to.
Bacon’s Inductive Method
Empirical Method
Verificationist Theory of meaning
Referential Theory of meaning
Wittgenstein: A statement to be meaningful it should be a picture of a possible state of affairs or facts.
Picture Theory of Proposition
Empirical Method
Verificationist Theory of meaning
Referential Theory of meaning
Faith seeking understanding/ truth
"I do not seek to understand in order that I believe, but I believe in order that I may understand"
Anselm’s Method
Augustine’s
Method (Theory of Illumination)
Aquinas
Descartes Methodic Doubt
How our mind could make judgements involving eternal and necessary truth. What makes it possible for us to know that 7 and 3 always and necessarily make 10?
Anselm’s Method
Augustine’s
Method (Theory of Illumination)
Aquinas
Descartes Methodic Doubt
Intuition and Deduction: “these two methods are the most certain routes to knowledge”
Anselm’s Method
Augustine’s
Method (Theory of Illumination)
Aquinas
Descartes Methodic Doubt
It is rigorous questioning technique. To provoke genuine intellectual curiosity. To achieve truth is to engage in a permanent state of dialogue or of critical thinking.
Anselm’s Method
Aristotle’s Deductive
Method
Socratic Method or the Method of Elenchus
Descartes Methodic Doubt
The structure of logic models the nature of reality. Syllogism is the deduction of new truths from established principles
Anselm’s Method
Aristotle’s Deductive
Method
Socratic Method or the Method of Elenchus
Descartes Methodic Doubt
Have faith in your bet/wager that God exists because you will never lose.
Pascal’s Wager
Use Theory of
Meaning
Consensus Method or Genuine Dialogue or Communicative Action
Truth is what would be agreed upon in an ideal speech situation. Participants would be able to evaluate each other’s assertions solely on the basis of reason and evidence in an atmosphere completely free of any non rational coercive influences to arrive at rational _______
Pascal’s Wager
Use Theory of
Meaning
Consensus Method or Genuine Dialogue or Communicative Action
Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself
ad hominem
appeal to force
ad baculum
appeal to emotion
Using the threat of force or an undesirable event to advance an argument
ad hominem
appeal to force
appeal to tradition
appeal to emotion
Using emotions such as pity or sympathy
ad hominem
appeal to force
ad baculum
appeal to emotion
the idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it.
begging the question
appeal to the popular
appeal to tradition
appeal to emotion
the idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time.
begging the question
appeal to the popular
appeal to tradition
appeal to emotion
assuming the thing or idea to be proven is true; also known as “circular argument”.
begging the question
appeal to the popular
appeal to tradition
appeal to emotion
“Ever since you bought the sweater, everything has been going wrong in your life. You should get rid of it.”
Cause- and -effect
appeal to the popular
fallacy of composition
appeal to emotion
“ These cases of robberies in this district have convinced me that the city has become a den of thieves and criminals.”
assuming that what is true for a part is true for the whole.
fallacy of division
fallacy of composition
Cause- and -effect
“You come from a family of doctors and intellectuals! Surely you can do better in this course!
Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts
fallacy of division
fallacy of composition
Cause- and -effect
“these soldiers who fought in the war are all bloodthirsty murderers!”
framing
Correspondence bias or attribution effect
Confirmation bias
“How can I accept his view that there is no God? I am a Christian!”
Tendency to look for and readily accept information which fits with one’s own beliefs or views that go against it.
framing
Confirmation bias
Correspondence bias or attribution effect
Conflict of interest
Focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects.
“preliminary evidences have still not pointed out the actual cause of the plane crash, but investigators are currently focusing on the possibility of pilot error.”
framing
Confirmation bias
Correspondence bias or attribution effect
Conflict of interest
The tendency to see past events as predictable, or to ascribe a pattern to historical events
Cultural bias
hindsight
Conflict of interest
framing
A person or group is connected to or has a vested interest in the issue being discussed
Cultural bias
hindsight
Conflict of interest
framing
Analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural standards
Correspondence bias or attribution effect
Confirmation bias
Cultural bias
framing
