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an organized collection of data

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any arrangement in which two or more computers are connected

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a system of interrelated computing devices. has the ability to transfer data without human interaction

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classification of hardware

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these are small relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its cpu

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commonly called as big iron, they are commonly used by big organization for data processing

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these computers came into the market in the mid 1960s and were sold at a much cheaper price than the mainframes. designed for control, intrumentation, human interaction

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the most high performing system

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a group of elements performing together to process data

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a combination of components working together to perform a specific task

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external peripherals

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(a)   controllers allow the computer to recognize multiple drives as one drive.

types of software

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The (a)   is the first thing you see when you turn on your computer

The ______ is slower than the northbridge, and information from the CPU has to go through the northbridge before reaching the ____ . Other busses connect the southbridge to the PCI bus, the USB ports and the IDE or SATA hard disk connections.

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types of application softwares

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(a)   - connections for video, sound and video capture cards, as well as network cards

(a)   is a newer protocol that acts more like a network than a bus. It can eliminate the need for other ports, including the AGP port.

Rather than relying on plug-in cards, some motherboards have (a)   sound, networking, video or other peripheral support.

In the early days of PC computers, all processors had the same set of pins that would connect the CPU to the motherboard, called the (a)   -

The (a)   bus provides direct access to system memory for connected devices. PCI slots can be used for network, graphics and sound cards.

The (a)   is the "glue" that connects the microprocessor to the rest of the motherboard and therefore to the rest of the computer

The _______ connects directly to the processor via the front side bus (FSB). A memory controller is located on the _____-, which gives the CPU fast access to the memory. The _______- also connects to the AGP or PCI Express bus and to the memory itself.

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interfaces for the hard drives

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5 slots and ports found on a motherboard

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The (a)   chip controls the most basic functions of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.

(a)   - dedicated port for video cards.

The (a)   is a battery-operated chip that maintains basic settings and the system time.

The (a)   -- is part of the motherboard's logic system and is usually made of two parts -- the northbridge and the southbridge. These two "bridges" connect the CPU to other parts of the computer

The (a)   for the microprocessor determines what kind of Central Processing Unit (CPU) the motherboard uses.

The shape and layout of a motherboard is called the (a)   .

The most important part of a PC is the (a)   .

A chip ( (a)   ) is an integrated circuit - a thin slice of silicon crystal packed with microscopic circuit elements

A (a)   by itself is useless, but a computer has to have one to operate

(a)   programs are installed on top of the operating system. These programs can be proprietary licensed software or open-source free software.

(a)   - is a software programme that runs on a physical device and performs basic input/output activities as well as provides instructions for the device to interface with other computers.

2 examples of programming language

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(a)   translators convert high-level programming languages into machine code. With the help of programming software, a software developer can easily develop using different programming languages, test, and debug other software programs.

2 examples of Device driver software

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(a)   is a special software application that controls specific hardware devices. What this driver software does is that they enable different hardware devices to communicate with the current OS

examples of operating system

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An (a)   is a program that manages all the computer hardware. It acts as an interactive interface to the end user and interprets the commands to communicate with the hardware.

They are used to store programs, files, and backup data that are not frequently accessed by the computer.

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These devices have larger capacities and lower costs than primary storage devices, but they are slower and require more power

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They include hard disk drives (HDDs), solid state drives (SSDs), optical discs, flash drives, memory cards, etc.

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These are the devices that store data permanently and are not directly accessible by the CPU.

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(a)   non-volatile, meaning it retains its data even when the power is off. ROM is used to store firmware and basic instructions for booting up the computer.

(a)   A volatile, meaning it loses its data when the power is turned off, it is used to store information that is currently being processed by the computer.

(a)   These are the devices that store data temporarily and are directly accessible by the CPU.

The (a)   is the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.

An (a)   is any piece of computer hardware equipment used to communicate with the results of data processing carried out by the information processing system such a computer system which converts electronically generated information into humanreadable data

(a)   is any peripheral or piece of computer hardware equipment to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or other information appliances.

4 types of Computer Hardware

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(a)   refers to program instructions written in a computer language that allows the hardware components to perform the intended function.

(a)   refers to the physical components of a computer, including many sub-systems and devices. Each sub-system is a piece of computer hardware or part of another hardware device.

A (a)   is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, provide information (output), and store the information for future use

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