who developed fortran?

Originally developed by a team lead by John Backus at IBM in the 1950s for scientific

and engineering applications on the IBM704, introduced in 1954.

General-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language that is especially

suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

who created LISP

When was Fortran introduced?

_ was created by John McCarthy in 1958 as a practical mathematical

notation for computer programs, influenced by the notation of Alonzo

Church's lambda calculus.

_ was designed by McCarthy as a language to express symbolic

computations, i.e. programs that aim at manipulating mathematical

expressions,

_ is a family of imperative computer

programming languages originally developed in the mid 1950s that

greatly influenced many other programming languages.

ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language) is a family of imperative computer

programming languages originally developed in the mid _, that

greatly influenced many other programming languages.

A specification of COBOL was initially created during the second half of 1959 by _

_ was developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing

Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard.

When was Simula developed?

Who invented Simula?

Where was Simula developed?

_ is considered the first object-oriented programming language.

when was PL/I developed?

_ is a very influential imperative and procedural programming

language, designed in 1968-1969 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth.

Pascal was published in ?

who published Pascal?

_ is a general-purpose programming language developed between 1969 and

1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix

operating system.

_ is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective

programming language.

_ is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and

object-oriented high-level programming language, extended mainly from

Pascal.

Ada was originally designed by a team led by _ of CII

Honeywell Bull in France under contract to the United States Department

of Defense from 1977 to 1983.

is a statically typed, multi-paradigm, compiled, general-purpose programming

language.

It is a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and

low-level language features.

who developed C++

_ was created on 1987 by Larry Wall and is a general-purpose, high-level

programming language. It was originally designed as a scripting language designed for

text editing but nowadays it’s widely used for many purposes such as CGI, database

applications, system administration, network programming, and graphic

programming.

Perl was created on 1987 by _ and is a general-purpose, high-level

programming language. It was originally designed as a scripting language designed for

text editing but nowadays it’s widely used for many purposes such as CGI, database

applications, system administration, network programming, and graphic

programming.

Named after the British comedy troupe ‘Monty Python’, Python was developed on

1991 by Guido Van Rossum. It is a general-purpose, high-level programming language

created to support a variety of programming styles and be fun to use. _ is, to this

day, one of the most popular programming languages in the world is used by companies

such as Google, yahoo, and Spotify.

who developed Python?

Developed in 1991 by Microsoft, _ allows programmers to utilize a

drag-and-drop style of choosing and changing pre-selected chunks of code through a

graphical user interface (GUI). The language is not overly used these days however

Microsoft has used portions _ to a number of their applications like Word, Excel,

and Access.

Created in 1993 by Yukihiro Matsumoto,_ is an interpreted high-level

programming language. A teaching language which was influenced by Perl, Ada, Lisp, and

Smalltalk – among others. _ primary uses are for web applications development and

Ruby on Rails. Twitter, Hulu, and Groupon are some well-known examples of companies

that use _.

who created Ruby?

_ is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun

Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' _

platform.

who developed Java?

It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere“, meaning that

once it has been compiled, it can be executed on any platform.

Formerly known as ‘Personal Home Page’ which now stands for ‘Hypertext

Preprocessor’, PH was developed in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. Its primary uses include

building and maintaining dynamic web pages, as well as server-side development. Some of

the biggest companies from across the globe use PHP including Facebook, Wikipedia, Digg,

WordPress, and Joomla.

who developed PHP?

Created in 1995 by Brendan Eich, this language is primarily used for dynamic web

development, PDF documents, web browsers, and desktop widgets. Almost every major

website uses _. Gmail, Adobe Photoshop, and Mozilla Firefox include some

well-known examples.

who created Javascript?

Developed in year 2000 at Microsoft with the hope of combining the computing ability

of C++ with the simplicity of Visual Basic, _ is based on C++ and shares many similarities

with Java. The language is used in almost all Microsoft products and is seen primarily in

developing desktop applications.

Developed in 2003 by Martin Odersky, Scala which combines mathematical functional

programming and organized object-oriented programming. _ compatibility with Java

makes it helpful with Android development. Linkedin, Twitter, Foursquare, and Netflix are

just a few examples of the many companies that use Scala in their tech stacks.

who developed Scala?

Derived from Java, _ was developed in 2003 by James Strachan and Bob

McWhirter. The language improves productivity because of its succinct and easy to learn.

Some well-known companies that are using Groovy in their tech stacks are Starbucks,

Transferwise, and Craftbase.

who developed Groovy?

_ was developed in 2009 in Google by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken

Thompson to address issues that occur due to large software systems. Due to its simple

and modern structure, Go has gained popularity among some of the largest tech companies

around the world such as Google, Uber, Twitch, and Dropbox.

who developed Go?

_ is developed in 2011 by JetBrains. It is used for making an android application.

_ is an open-source statically typed programming language that targets the JVM,

Android, JavaScript and Native. The first official 1.0 release was in February 15, 2016.

who developed Kotlin?

Developed in 2014 in Apple by Chris Lattner as a replacement for C, C++, and

Objective-C, _ was developed with the intention to be easier than the aforementioned

languages and allow less room for error. Swift’s versatility means it can be used for

desktop, mobile, and cloud applications. Leading language app ‘Duolingo’ launched a new

app that was written in _.

who developed Swift?

Initially, computers were hard-wired or soft-wired and then later

programmed using binary code that represented control sequences fed

to the computer CPU.

Machines that provide services, like Web servers or FTP servers,

to other machines are called as _

Machines that are used to connect to those

services are known as _

is a server to serve content over the Internet using the Hypertext Markup Language

(HTML).

A _ typically consists of an HTML

file, with associated files for graphics and scripts, in a particular directory on a

particular computer (and thus identifiable by a URL).

is a page whose content is changed before being sent over the

Internet to the user’s computer.

is a page that contains animated GIFs, Java applets, ActiveX

Controls, or DHTML. It is a Web page created automatically based on information

provided by the user, or generated with ASP.

is the root directory for a web site, where the content files are

stored. It is also called as a document root or Web root.

_ is not contained in the home directory but appears to client

browsers as though it were. A _ has an alias, a name that Web

browsers use to access that directory. Since an alias is usually shorter than the path

of the directory, it is more convenient for users to type the alias.

_ is an entirely new framework from Microsoft for building Next Generation Web Applications. 

_ is a process that allows the application to collect credentials directly from the client requestor (usually name and password), and determine their authenticity.

_ is a centralized authentication service provided by Microsoft that offers a single sign-in and core profile services for member sites.

ASP.NET introduces the concept of _, which enable the values of the controls to be  manipulated on the Server-Side. 

These controls create HTML elements on the client browser with the added capability of maintaining the state. 

These are used to output HTML in a rich format to the client. The calendar control is an example of this category. 

These make the art of Server-Side validation a cakewalk. 

In ASP.NET, the Session state is automatically maintained by using a hidden field called view state. 

ASP.NET offers a rich set of server controls to achieve the task of Form Validation. These controls are  popularly known as Validators or validation controls and can be used to validate all types of validations.

ASP.NET offers a new concept called Web Services by which a web application can expose its functionality to others on the Internet by employing a protocol such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and in XML format. This is entirely a new concept. Web Services can be employed for displaying news headlines, weather reports etc. 

A _ is a pseudo control, wrapped with common code that can expose properties, methods and events. These can be employed for opening and closing a database connection, which happen quite frequently in all the pages. User Controls can be employed to wrap up the most frequently used HTML code and reuse it across several Web pages. 

In web development, it is a common practice to apply the business logic as COM Components. This concept has been received very well by the developers, as there is a performance boost when such business objects are employed.

ASP.NET is in tune with M-Commerce by providing .NET Mobile Web SDK (Software Development Kit) that allows applications to be built covering a wide range of mobile devices ranging from cellular phones to Personal Digital Assistants. 

ASP.NET has introduced the next generation of ADO known as ADO.NET with respect to data access.

ADO.NET places more emphasis on disconnected recordsets by employing XML (Extensible Markup Language ) as a medium of communication between these recordsets and the DataStore. 

ASP.NET offers a cleaner approach to _ as compared to its predecessor ASP. It is now possible to specify individual error pages for each ASP.NET page by employing the new ErrorPage directive.  

ASP.NET offers several kinds of authentication for checking the validity of the users accessing a web site. 

In addition to support for Basic, Digest and Windows NT (New Technology) LAN Manager (NTLM), ASP.NET also supports Passport authentication.

The process of retaining most frequently visited web pages in memory is called _. _ of  ASP.NET Page leads to an increase in its performance. ASP.NET supports the

• _ is the process of caching the entire page, this kind of caching is advisable for sites with heavy traffic. 

• _ is the process of caching a part of the page that includes objects and data. 

ASP.NET maintains all the configuration details pertaining to a web application in a file called Config.web which is in a human readable format (XML). The whole range of configuration details including which request to handle on specific situations, tracing options etc.

In ASP.NET it is possible to specify the event-handlers that need to be invoked on the occurrence of  particular events. These event-handlers are defined in a global file by name Global.asax. The Global.asax  file of ASP.NET has a provision for the following event-handlers 

A page is compiled into a .NET class when it is requested the first

time. The runtime engine will detect if any changes have been made to

the source code and recompile it if necessary. The user can optionally

specify a class file with the page, otherwise it will be created by the ASP

runtime.

The user can code pages with Visual Basic, C#, or JScript.NET. VBScript

has been incorporated into the VB

syntax.

The entire .NET family shares the same IDE and debugging tools. The

user will benefit from the feature rich debugging tools of ASP.NET.

Server-Side components automate many common development

tasks. These controls can detect the version of the browser and

generate the proper HTML and JavaScript code.

The ASP.NET runtime is capable of detecting the browser type of the

requesting client and generate the proper HTML or JavaScript code. This

has the potential of making ASP.NET applications browser independent.

ASP.NET has been designed to separate business logic and

presentation by utilizing ASP and COM. The task of encapsulating the

logic from the user’s presentation has been made easier. Application

separation is the key to productivity. By creating .NET components and

class files, the user can maximize code re-use.

Organizations will be able to leverage their existing investments in

COM and COM+. ASP.NET applications can interact with legacy COM

objects.

Different ways are available to design security ASP.NET applications,

depending on the preferences of the designer.