WorksheetsFoundation Quiz
Total questions: 35
Worksheet time: 18mins
What is the purpose of foundations in a structure?
To distribute the load of the structure over a large bearing area
To secure a level and firm bed for building operations
To increase the lateral stability of the structure
To prevent the lateral movement of the supporting material
Which type of foundation is used to support individual columns?
Spread or Isolated footings
Continuous or wall footing
Cantilever footing
Combined footing
When are mat (raft) foundations considered by foundation engineers?
When the soil is very erratic and prone to excessive differential settlement
When the structural loads are so high that spread footings would be exceptionally large
When the lateral loads are not uniformly distributed through the structure
When the bottom of the structure is located below the ground water table
What is a pier in the context of deep foundations?
A watertight box or chamber used for laying foundation under water
A slender structural member made of steel, concrete, or wood
A vertical column of relatively large cross-section than a pile
A type of foundation of the shape of hollow prismatic box
What should be considered in selecting the foundation type?
Cost of foundation in comparison with the cost of the superstructure
Subsurface conditions
Function of the structure
All of the above
Which type of foundation is used when the distance between the columns is so great that a trapezoidal combined footing becomes quite narrow?
Cantilever footing
Combined footing
Continuous or wall footing
Spread or Isolated footings
What is the lowest artificially built part of a structure which transmits the load of the structure to the ground called?
Bed rock
Firm ground
Foundation
Weak soil
When are deep foundations required?
When the surface soil is suitable for shallow foundation
When the soil at or near the ground surface is capable of supporting a structure
When the uplift loads are smaller than spread footings can accommodate
When the structural loads are erratic
What is a pile in the context of deep foundations?
A vertical column of relatively large cross-section than a pier
A slender structural member made of steel, concrete, or wood
A type of foundation of the shape of hollow prismatic box
A watertight box or chamber used for laying foundation under water
What is the most common type of shallow foundation?
Cantilever footing
Continuous or wall footing
Combined footing
Spread or Isolated footings
The lowest artificially built part of a structure which transmits the load of the structure to the ground
foundation
ground level
bed rock
bearing
Foundations are used for the following purposes EXCEPT;
i. To distribute the load of the structure over a large bearing area so as to bring intensity of loading within the safe bearing capacity of the soil lying underneath.
ii. To load the bearing surface at a uniform rate so as to prevent unequal settlement.
iii.To prevent the lateral movement of the supporting material.
iv.To secure a level and firm bed for building operations.
v. to prevent from building equillibrium of fault lines in the foundation
a Deep foundations where a vertical column of relatively large crosssection than a pile.
Pier
Caisson
Pile
concrete
a Deep foundations where a slender structural member made of steel, concrete or wood. either driven into the soil or formed in-situby excavating a hole and filling it with concrete.
Pile
Pier
Caisson
concrete
a Deep foundations where a type of foundation of the shape of hollow prismatic box, which is built above the ground and then sunk to the required depth as a single unit.
Pier
pile
Caisson
In selecting the foundation type the following points must be considered EXCEPT;
Function of the structure
Loads it must carry
Subsurface conditions
Cost of foundation in comparison with the cost of the superstructure.
The load it will disperse
In Selection of Foundation Type, Having these points in mind one should apply the following steps in order to arrive at a decision. EXCEPT;
Obtain at least approximate information concerning the nature of the superstructure and the loads to be transmitted to the foundation
Determine the subsurface condition in a general way.
The types that are found to be unsuitable should then be eliminated.
The soil is very erratic and prone to excessive differential settlement.
In Selection of Foundation Type, Having these points in mind one should apply the following steps in order to arrive at a decision. EXCEPT;
Undertake a detailed study of the most promising types. Such a study may require additional information on loads and subsurface conditions.
Determine the approximate size of footing or the approximate length and number of piles required
Prepare an estimate for the cost of each promising type of foundation.
Select the type that represents the most acceptable compromise between performance and cost.
preparation of a watertight box or chamber used for laying foundation under water.
In Selection of Foundation Type, Consider each of the usual types of foundations in order to judge whether or not (select more than one answer)
They could be constructed under existing conditions.
They are capable of carrying the required load.
They experience serious differential settlements.
The uplift loads are lager than spread footings can accommodate.
The foundations provided immediately beneath the lowest part of the structure, near to the ground level
Shallow Foundations
Deep Foundations
Medium Foundations
Narrow Foundations
In Shallow Foundations, used to support individualcolumn. the most common type of foundation, primarily because of their cost and ease of construction.
Spread or Isolated footings
Combined footing
Cantilever footing
Continuous or wall footing
In Shallow Foundations, these are stepped type, simple type or slopetype
Isolated footings
Combined footing
Cantilever footing
Continuous or wall footing
In Shallow Foundations, They are most often used: (pick more than one)
in small to medium size structures
on sites with moderate to good soil conditions
on some large structures when they are locatedat sites underlain by exceptionally good soil orshallow bedrock.
In eroded but can be repaired land
Cantilever footing may be used:
where the distance between the columns is so great that a trapezoidal combined footing becomes quite narrow, with resulting high bending moments.
on sites with moderate to good soil conditions
on some large structures when they are locatedat sites underlain by exceptionally good soil orshallow bedrock.
In eroded but can be repaired land
supports two or sometimes three column in a row.
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Cantilever footing
Raft foundation
is used when property lines, equipment locations, column spacing or other considerations limit the footing clearance at the column locations.
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Cantilever footing
Raft foundation
consists of two individual footings connected by a beam
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Cantilever footing or Strap Footing
Raft foundation
In this type of footing, a single continuous reinforced concrete slab is provided asfoundation of load bearing wall.
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Continuous or wall footing or strip footing
Raft foundation
In this type of footing, a strip footing is also provided for a row of columns which are so closely spaced that their spread footings overlap or nearly touch each other.
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Continuous or wall footing or strip footing
Raft foundation
In this type of footing, a combined footing that covers the entire area beneath a structure and supports all the columns.
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Continuous or wall footing or strip footing
Mat (Raft) Foundation
In this type of footing, a combined footing that covers the entire area beneath a structure and supports all the columns.
Combined Footing
Spread or Isolated footings
Continuous or wall footing or strip footing
Mat (Raft) Foundation
Combined footing can be:
rectangular in shape if both the columns carry equal loads
trapezoidal if there is a space limitation and they carry unequal loads.
circular if there is a space limitation and they carry equal loads.
The strap beam does not remain in contact with soil so a strap doesn’t transfer any pressure to the soil.
TRUE
FALSE
In Mat (Raft) Foundation, Foundation engineers often consider mats when dealing with any one of the following conditions: EXCEPT;
The bottom of the structure is located below ground water table, so waterproofing is an important concern. Because mats are monolithic, they are easier to waterproof.
The uplift loads are lager than spread footings can accommodate.
The lateral loads are not uniformly distributed through the structure and thus may cause differential horizontal movement in spread footings
The structural loads are erratic, and thus increase the likelihood of excessive differential settlement.
concrete slab is provided asfoundation of load bearing wall.
In Mat (Raft) Foundation, Foundation engineers often consider mats when dealing with any one of the following conditions: EXCEPT;
The soil is very erratic and prone to excessive differential settlement.
The structural loads are so high or the soil conditions so poor that spread footings would be exceptionally large.
As a general rule of thumb, if spread footings would cover more than 50 percent of the building footprint area, a mat or some type of deep foundation will usually be more economical.
concrete slab is provided as foundation of load bearing wall.
