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U5 - Cognition Review

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following has limited storage capacity?
a)
Short Term Memory
b)
Long Term Memory
c)
Sensory Memory
2.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
3.
Which of the following memories happen with conscious awareness?
a)
Implicit Memories
b)
Episodic Memories
c)
Procedural Memories
d)
Repressive Memories
4.
Memory decay is fastest for which type of memory?
a)
Sensory Memory
b)
Short Term Memory
c)
Working Memory
d)
Long Term Memory
5.
If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...
a)
Repressive Memories
b)
Proactive Interference
c)
Retroactive Interference
d)
Memory Decay
6.
According to _________ theory, you are likely to form memories that mirror your emotional state.
a)
Mood congruent
b)
Mood dependent
c)
episodic memory
d)
priming
7.
According to _________ theory, you not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.  
a)
Constructive memory
b)
repressive memory
c)
episodic memory
d)
priming
8.
Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?
a)
brain stem
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
hippocampus
9.
According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: 
a)
items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.
b)
nitems in the middle of a list, than at the beginning and end.
c)
vocabulary words if you process them visually.
d)
nvocabulary words if you process them acoustically.
10.
Memories of emotional events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the: 
a)
amygdala.
b)
hypothalamus.
c)
sensory cortex.
d)
motor cortex.
11.
We have all had the experience of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.  We are asked to remember someone’s name.  We are certain that we know the name and feel as if we are just about to remember it, yet it remains elusive.  What type of forgetting might be at work here?
a)
encoding failure
b)
retroactive interference
c)
retrieval failure
d)
motivated forgetting
12.
The reason most North Americans cannot accurately describe the head of a penny is due to:
a)
storage decay.
b)
retrieval failure.
c)
encoding failure.
d)
motivated forgetting.
13.
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s classic three-stage model of memory includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
a)
short-term memory
b)
long-term memory
c)
flashbulb memory
d)
sensory memory
14.
During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:
a)
the spacing effect.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
retroactive interference.
d)
state-dependent memory.
15.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
16.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
17.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
18.
In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.”  This best illustrates the importance of:
a)
syntax.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
19.
Working memory is also known as
a)
long term memory
b)
short term memory
c)
sensory memory
d)
forgotten memory
20.
During her psychology test, Kelsey could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of
a)
automatic processing.
b)
priming.
c)
the serial position effect.
d)
the spacing effect.
21.
In an effort to remember how to spell “rhinoceros,” Samantha spells the word aloud 30 times. She is using a technique known as
a)
priming
b)
rehearsal
c)
the peg-word system
d)
chunking
22.
Students who restudy course material at the end of a semester in order to pass the AP final exam are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates the value of
a)
implicit memory
b)
the serial position effect
c)
long-term potentation
d)
the spacing effect
23.
“The magical number seven, plus or minus two” refers to the storage capacity of ________ memory.
a)
short-term
b)
explicit
c)
implicit
d)
sensory
24.
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ________; matching concepts with their definitions measures ________.
a)
recall; recognition
b)
recognition; relearning
c)
recall; relearning
d)
recognition; rehearsal
25.
After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo's difficulty best illustrates
a)
retroactive interference.
b)
proactive interference.
c)
source amnesia.
d)
the spacing effect.
26.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of
a)
an algorithm.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
functional fixedness.
d)
belief perseverance.
27.
When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, Trisha immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a
a)
prototype.
b)
mental set.
c)
algorithm.
d)
fixation.
28.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to
a)
save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
b)
avoid the issue of functional fixedness.
c)
yield more accurate solutions to problems.
d)
involve greater reliance on language skills.
29.
Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
divergent thinking.
c)
framing.
d)
convergent thinking.
30.
The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
the representativeness heuristic.
d)
confirmation bias.
31.
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a t and an n produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different
a)
prototypes.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
32.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)
a)
prototype.
b)
morpheme.
c)
syntax.
d)
algorithm.
33.
The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage.
a)
grammatical
b)
one-word
c)
telegraphic speech
d)
babbling
34.
A mental grouping of similar things, events or people is called a(n):
a)
Prototype
b)
Concept
c)
Algorithm
d)
Heuristic
35.
Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to:
a)
Allow preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning
b)
Cling to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
c)
Search randomly through alternative solutions when problem solving
d)
Look for information that is consistent with one’s beliefs
36.
A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how easily other instances of the event are available in memory is called the:
a)
Availability heuristic
b)
Availability algorithm
c)
Representativeness heuristic
d)
Representativeness algorithm
37.
The term used to describe the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge is:
a)
Cognition
b)
Learning
c)
Perception
d)
Sensation
38.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
39.
Whorf’s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:
a)
Language is primarily a learned ability
b)
Language is partially an innate ability
c)
The size of a person’s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence
d)
Our language shapes our thinking
40.
The chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to pull a longer stick into his cage. He then used the longer stick to reach a piece of fruit. Researchers hypothesized that Sultan’s discovery of the solution to his problem was the result of:
a)
Trial and error
b)
Heuristics
c)
Insight
d)
Mental set
41.
Combining bits of information into a small number of familiar or manageable groups that can be stored in long-term memory and remembered more easily.
a)
chunking
b)
decay
c)
mnemonics
d)
interference
42.

Computers and people both handle information using which processes?

a)

implicit, semantic, and episodic memories

b)

maintenance and elaborative rehearsals

c)

sensory, short term, and long term memories

d)

encoding, storage, and retrieval

43.

A memory of kindergarten that returns when you are back in your kindergarten classroom is an example of what type of memory?

a)

iconic

b)

eidetic

c)

context-dependent

d)

state-dependent

44.

What best describes iconic memory

a)

first and earliest memory

b)

auditory and short term

c)

photographic and brief

d)

visual and long-term

45.

Which is the easiest of the three basic memory tasks?

a)

recall

b)

recognition

c)

relearning

d)

chunking

46.

According to Gardner, which of the following is true?

a)

people have multiple, interdependent intelligences

b)

People have multiple, independent intelligences

c)

Having strong scientific ability also indicates musical ability

d)

Everyone has a general intelligence and specific abilities.

47.

What does the distribution of IQ scores on a graph look like?

a)

a downward slope

b)

a bell curve

c)

an S-curve

d)

an upward slope

48.

Spearman's g factor refers to

a)

The internal consistency of an intelligence test

b)

The genetic contribution to intelligence

c)

A general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks

d)

A highly developed skill or talent possessed by an otherwise intellectually disabled person

e)

The ability to understand and regulate emotion

49.

Which part of your brain controls the ability to produce speech? Aphasia in this area can make it very difficult for a person to speak but they understand language well.

a)

Broca's Area

b)

Wernicke's Area

c)

Amygdala

d)

Hippocampus

e)

Hypothalamus

50.

Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?

a)

sensory cortex

b)

angular gyrus

c)

association areas

d)

Wernicke's area

e)

hypothalamus

51.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
52.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
53.
A typical one-year-old child:
a)
uses telegraphic speech.
b)
imitates two-word phases.
c)
is in the cooing stage.
d)
has lost the ability to discriminate phoneme sounds outside her native language.
54.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
55.
When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
a)
reliable
b)
standardized
c)
valid
d)
normally distributed
56.
When intelligence scores are graphed, they should create
a)
an increasing slope
b)
a normal bell curve
c)
an equilateral figure
d)
a negative correlation 
57.
Bethany has a mental age of 5. This means that she must:
a)
Be 5
b)
have answered test items that could be answered by an average 5-year-old
c)
have answered at least half of the items considered appropriate for the average 6-year-old 
d)
ave an intelligence level that matches her  have answered test items that could be answered by an haverage 5-year-old
58.
Psychological tests must have two characteristics and they are:
a)
valid and reliable
b)
 correlation and validity
c)
reliability and  foundation
d)
reliability and correlation
59.

Who developed the theory of multiple intelligences that included at least 9 different types?

a)

Binet

b)

Terman

c)

Gardner

d)

Wecshler

60.
An aptitude test attempts to measure
a)
potential for future learning
b)
how much a person already knows
c)
a person's genetic makeup
d)
kinesthetic intelligence
61.
A person with lower than average intelligence who has an amazing, unusual mental skill is known as a
a)
genius
b)
savant
c)
prodigy
d)
freak
62.
Which of the following is NOT a part of Sternberg's intelligence theory?
a)
practical 
b)
analytic
c)
interpersonal
d)
creative
63.
A test that is designed to show what you have already learned (Like the AP Psych Test, and most of your tests) is termed:
a)
Self Report
b)
Aptitude
c)
Achievement
d)
Observational
64.
Although Nicole scored well above average on the SAT, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of:
a)
convergent thinking
b)
validity
c)
mental age
d)
emotional intelligence
65.
Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as
a)
Spatial Intelligence
b)
Introverted Intelligence
c)
General Intelligence
d)
Extroverted Intelligence
66.
Mrs. Cho is careful to make sure that she fairly represents the whole year's work on the final exam for her American literature class. If Mrs. Cho achieves this goal, her test will have
a)
test-retest reliability.
b)
construct validity.
c)
content validity.
d)
split-half reliability.
67.
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
a)
practical
b)
musical
c)
interpersonal
d)
spatial
68.
If a test is reliable, it means that
a)
it is given in the same way every time.
b)
it tests what it is suppose to test.
c)
it is a fair assessment.
d)
it yields consistent results.
69.

Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the

a)

SAT

b)

TAT

c)

GRE

d)

WAIS

70.

Self-fulfilling expectations are most likely to be triggered by

a)

factor analysis

b)

aptitude testing

c)

savant syndrome

d)

stereotype threat

e)

Flynn effect

71.

Lewis Terman's widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test was the

a)

American College Testing Exam

b)

Stanford-Binet

c)

WAIS

d)

WISC

e)

Scholastic Assessment Test

72.

Alfred Binet is known as the father of intelligence mainly because of his work in:

a)

the assessment of one's ability to learn and the creation of mental age

b)

creation of the intelligence quotient (IQ)

c)

creation of both mental age and the intelligence quotient

d)

understanding of the heritability factors in terms of intelligence

73.

The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called

a)

stereotype threat

b)

Flynn effect

c)

normal curve

d)

standardization

e)

g factor

74.

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

a)

identify clusters of closely related test items.

b)

evaluate how accurately test items predict a criterion behavior.

c)

provide a quantitative estimate of heritability.

d)

extract test norms from a standardization sample.

e)

derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age.

75.

What is the term for the type of intelligence that includes thinking quickly and integrating new ideas? (Hint: It decreases in old age.)

a)

crystallized

b)

fluid

c)

consolidated

d)

variable

76.

This type of intelligence, which includes accumulated knowledge and wisdom over time, goes up in old age?

a)

Crystallized

b)

Fluid

c)

Consolidated

d)

Variable

77.

According to the empirical rule, what percentage of the population should have an IQ between 85 and 115?

a)

34%

b)

68%

c)

95%

d)

99%

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