Bacteria with only Binary Fission

Bacteria with only Binary Fission

When environment is ideal, bacteria forms aerial hyphae

Most active when it is linked to a molecule of ATP

Origin of replication in the chromosomal DNA

hemimethylated DNA sequences are strongly bound by

Blocking of oriC regions by SeqA cell elongation

both strands of the chromosome contain methyl groups on the adenine residue of ____ sequences within the chromosome.

Which is true about regulatory mechanisms to inactivate DnaA– ATP

Fts proteins are found only in bacteria and archaea

Fts proteins interact in the cell to form a division apparatus called

FtsZ structurally similar to eukaryotic ___

A protein related to FtsA

FtsZ ring forms before DNA replication

An anchor that connects the FtsZ ring to the cytoplasmic membrane and stabilizes it.

Recruits FtsZ and other divisome proteins and helps connect the ring to the cytoplasmic membrane

Divisome also contains Fts proteins needed for peptidoglycan synthesis such as

Activities are inhibited by the antibiotic penicillin

Separates chromosomes

FtsZ ring is produced in the

Effectively block formation of the FtsZ ring in a process known as

The proteins MinC, MinD, and MinE interact to help guide FtsZ to the cell midpoint.

Forms a spiral structure on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and helps to localize MinC to the cytoplasmic membrane.

The MinD spiral oscillates back and forth along the long axis of the growing cell and functions to promote cell division by preventing the FtsZ ring from forming

Oscillates from pole to pole, and as it does, it functions to sweep MinC and MinD aside.

Because MinC and MinD dwell longer at the poles than anywhere else during their oscillation cycle, the center of the cell will have, on average, the lowest concentration of these proteins.

FtsZ ring forms at the cell center and cell poles

Directs formation of the FtsZ ring and divisome complex at the cell-division plane

Major shape-determining protein in rods, etc.

Bacteria/s with MreB

Bacteria/s with MreB

In the midpoint, new cell wall material arises

Introduces breaks in the glycosidic binds in the peptidoglycan layer

Forms glycosidic

Forms crosslinking of tetrapeptide chains

Vehicle that transports the precursor molecule or new glycan units through the cytoplasmic membrane to the growing cell wall.

Bactoprenol is

Undecaprenol

Not found in tetrapeptide

Binary fission is exponential in growth

Exponential growth is 200% increase in population every generation

Growth phase where there is a delay in increase of population

Growth phase where cells are dividing but no cell death

Growth phase where cells are dividing but there are cells dying

Growth phase where cells are dying more than dividing

Turbidity means there are growth. Thus, it is a direct measurement

Which among is not under microscopic count?

Green fluorescent dye that penetrates all cells, but due to the strong affinity of another stain to dead cells, it only stains live cells green

Red fluorescent dye - penetrates those without an intact cytoplasmic membrane

Flow cytometer counts all dead and viable cells

Count based on presence of intact cytoplasmic membrane

Broth medium can form a colony

Serial dilution is done so we can have samples where bacteria is at optimum.

Spread plate method has subsurface colonies

Sample is pipetted first into a sterile plate, then sterile medium is added and mixed well with inoculum

Wavelength Settings of spectrophotometer for indirect measurement of microbial growth

relationship between turbidity and growth is

Maintains culture in exponential phase for long periods - days, weeks

2^n where n = number of