Science that deals with the structures and processes of the Earth’s physical and human environments.

concerned with the formulation of general laws and principles

concerned with combinations of physical and human made features that characterize different regions on the earth’s surface.

Invisible to unaided eye; hottest and coldest

88 days period of revolution & rotation

Many layers of clouds covering it

243 days period of rotation

Smaller than earth, thin atmosphere

687 days period of revolution

Largest and massive; great red spot

11 3/4 years period of revolution

2^nd largest; ring system (ice & rock)

10h 2m period of rotation

Constitution and structure like Jupiter

15h 48m period of rotation

small or minor planets that move in elliptical orbits primarily between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

Largest representatives of asteriods EXCEPT

celestial body revolving around the sun characterized by a long, luminous tail when it passes near the sun.

famous comets EXCEPT

the earth is stationary and at the center of the universe (geocentric point of view)

postulated that the planets revolve in order in orbits around the sun, that the Earth is one of the planets, and that the Earth spins on its north-south axis from west to east at the rate of one rotation per day.

formulated three laws concerning the motion of planets (______'s Laws):

1.      The planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths.

2.      The closer a planet comes to the Sun, the more rapidly it moves.

3.      The ratio of the cubes of a planet’s mean distance from the Sun to the square of its orbital period is constant.

which of the following is not true?

Which of the following is the correct phases of the moon?

which of the following is not true about the characteristics of earth?

which of the following is not true about the characteristics of earth?

which of the following is correct?

earth’s envelope of water. Covers around 71% of the earth.

eenvelope of gas, vapor, and aerosol particles; retained by gravity for protection

outer shell of the earth

extends to a depth of 100km. Consists mainly of rocks, 99.55 only comes from 11 elements (O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Ti, H, P). 11 trace elements make up another 0.1 – 0.2%

composed mainly of iron and magnesium silicates; liquid part known as asthenosphere

_________ behaves like a fluid. Consists largely of iron, nickel, and some other trace elements. Density ranges from 10 to 13.

system of geometrical coordinates used in designating location of places in earth.

The indigenous rock is formed by the cooling of magma, and in turn is exposed to natural processes such as weathering, erosion, and compaction, creating ________

The application of heat then turns sedimentary rock into ___________, and further heating causes the process to turn full circle, creating magma once more.

Formed by the cooling and subsequent solidification of a molten mass of rock material, known as magma.

Formed by the accumulation and consolidation of mineral and particulate matter deposited by the action of water, wind, or glacial ice.

Rock which has had its original composition and texture altered by heat and pressure deep within the earth’s crust.

. Plutonic rocks such as granite have large crystals formed slowly within the crust.

Volcanic rocks such as basalt have fine-grain minerals formed through volcanic activity

composed of mineral particles produced by mechanical disintegration, transported and deposited in layers (shale, sandstone).

may consist the remains of microscopic marine organisms (limestone) or by deposition of tough precipitation from solution (halite, gypsum, anhydrite)

The geological process is divided into those that originate within the Earth (_________)

The geological process is divided into those that originate externally (_________)

Forces that Shape the Earth’s Surface

 all crustal movements produced by endogenic Earth forces that produce ocean basins, continents, plateaus, and mountains.

forces tending to elevate landmass balance the forces tending to depress landmasses

earth is gradually shrinking. The interior becomes too little for the exterior.

__________ currents are set up under the crust by heating; causes plastic flow.

a single large continent broke up and various sections drifted apart.

additional crust is produced in the oceans due to the earth’s expansion