In 2050, airplanes may experience more frequent turbulence over the North Atlantic Ocean,...... As a result of global warming.

The graphic shows that the sales in March is slightly........than sales in February.

We had better..... The manual to get more explanation about this product.

The committee suspected him....... bribery after some amounts of money had been found in his account.

Paragraph 1

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.

Paragraph 2

Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.

Paragraph 3

The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.

Paragraph 4

More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

Paragraph 5

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the size of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

Question:

20. The word ‘sanitation’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to …

Paragraph 1

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.

Paragraph 2

Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.

Paragraph 3

The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.

Paragraph 4

More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

Paragraph 5

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the size of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

Question:

19. The word ‘supposedly’ in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to …

Paragraph 1

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.

Paragraph 2

Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.

Paragraph 3

The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.

Paragraph 4

More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

Paragraph 5

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the size of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

Question:

18. The author mentions an excavation at the size of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of …

Paragraph 1

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.

Paragraph 2

Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.

Paragraph 3

The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.

Paragraph 4

More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

Paragraph 5

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the size of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

Question:

17. In the third paragraph, the author implies that the techniques of history and the techniques of social science are …

Paragraph 1

Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans.

Paragraph 2

Back in the 1930's and 1940's, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects.

Paragraph 3

The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950's and 1960's. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments, where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.

Paragraph 4

More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a reinterpretation of the United States past.

Paragraph 5

In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the size of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.

Question:

16. What does the passage mainly discuss?

Read the text carefully and answer the question correctly!

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The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice.  Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involve the use of resources such as computers and the internet in daily classroom practices.  True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent -  when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity of exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used.  Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of Educators and programs for children provides children with  digital tools for Learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes. 

.

As the lives of children, parents, families and educators are infused with technology and media,  early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children's learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan technology and interactive media should be  used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them.  For example drawing on a touch screen can add children's graphic representational experiences;  manipulating colorful acetate shapes on the light table allows children to explore color and shape.

.

By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools - not as ends and of themselves -  teachers can avoid  potentially harmful use of non-interactive linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality  is a key to developmentally appropriate use.

.

Exciting new resources in today's technology-rich  will represent the next frontier in digital learning for your youngest citizens,  leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage its new technology as an opportunity for children's learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate.

.

Question: Which paragraph(s) explain(s) the importance of using technology and media wisely so that it can support existing classroom practice?

Read the text carefully and answer the question correctly!

.

The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice.  Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involve the use of resources such as computers and the internet in daily classroom practices.  True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent -  when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity of exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used.  Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of Educators and programs for children provides children with  digital tools for Learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes. 

.

As the lives of children, parents, families and educators are infused with technology and media,  early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children's learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan technology and interactive media should be  used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them.  For example drawing on a touch screen can add children's graphic representational experiences;  manipulating colorful acetate shapes on the light table allows children to explore color and shape.

.

By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools - not as ends and of themselves -  teachers can avoid  potentially harmful use of non-interactive linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality  is a key to developmentally appropriate use.

.

Exciting new resources in today's technology-rich  will represent the next frontier in digital learning for your youngest citizens,  leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage its new technology as an opportunity for children's learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate.

.

Question: The author holds an assumption that ________

Read the text carefully and answer the question correctly!

.

The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice.  Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involve the use of resources such as computers and the internet in daily classroom practices.  True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent -  when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity of exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used.  Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of Educators and programs for children provides children with  digital tools for Learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes. 

.

As the lives of children, parents, families and educators are infused with technology and media,  early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children's learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan technology and interactive media should be  used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them.  For example drawing on a touch screen can add children's graphic representational experiences;  manipulating colorful acetate shapes on the light table allows children to explore color and shape.

.

By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools - not as ends and of themselves -  teachers can avoid  potentially harmful use of non-interactive linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality  is a key to developmentally appropriate use.

.

Exciting new resources in today's technology-rich  will represent the next frontier in digital learning for your youngest citizens,  leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage its new technology as an opportunity for children's learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate.

.

Question: The author would apparently agree that ________

Read the text carefully and answer the question correctly!

.

The integration of technology and media can enhance early childhood practice.  Successful integration of technology and media into early childhood programs involve the use of resources such as computers and the internet in daily classroom practices.  True integration occurs when the use of technology and media becomes routine and transparent -  when the focus of a child or educator is on the activity of exploration itself and not on the technology or media being used.  Technology integration has been successful when the use of technology and media supports the goals of Educators and programs for children provides children with  digital tools for Learning and communicating and helps improve child outcomes. 

.

As the lives of children, parents, families and educators are infused with technology and media,  early childhood classrooms can benefit from the possibilities of extending children's learning through judicious use of these tools. As part of the overall classroom plan technology and interactive media should be  used in ways that support existing classroom developmental and educational goals rather than in ways that distort or replace them.  For example drawing on a touch screen can add children's graphic representational experiences;  manipulating colorful acetate shapes on the light table allows children to explore color and shape.

.

By focusing on technology and interactive media as tools - not as ends and of themselves -  teachers can avoid  potentially harmful use of non-interactive linear screen media that is inappropriate in early childhood settings. Intentionality  is a key to developmentally appropriate use.

.

Exciting new resources in today's technology-rich  will represent the next frontier in digital learning for your youngest citizens,  leaving it to talented educators and caring adults to determine how best to leverage its new technology as an opportunity for children's learning in ways that are developmentally appropriate.

.

Question: How does the first sentence relate to the other sentences in paragraph 1?

Since the burglar managed to break into her house, Martha wishes that she.....the alarm system earlier.

When he lived in the suburban area, Mike.....the subway to go to his office every day.

Dadaism or dada is a post world war cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the war and what dadaist believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; it works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including surrealism.

Which of the following words could best substitute the word prevailing in line 5?