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Formation & Motion of Galaxies ESS1-2

Total questions: 22

Worksheet time: 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What variables affect the gravitational force between two celestial objects?
a)
mass and speed
b)
volume and distance between the objects
c)
mass and distance between the objects
d)
air pressure and volume
2.
As the distance between two massive objects increases, the force of gravity between the objects ____________?
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
d)
increases for a distance, then decreases
3.
A space probe travels past Mars and Jupiter. What is true about the gravitational force on the space probe while it is on its journey?
a)
The gravitational force the space probe experiences is much greater near Jupiter than near Mars.
b)
The gravitational force the space probe experiences is much greater near Mars than near Jupiter.
c)
The space probe's mass does not change, so the gravity it experiences never changes.
d)
It is impossible to say what will happen to the gravitational force the space probe will experience.
4.
What would happen to the gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon if a massive asteroid crashed into the Moon and doubled the Moon's mass?
a)
The gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon would increase.
b)
The gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon would decrease.
c)
There would not be any change in the gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon.
d)
It is impossible to say how this would affect the gravitational attraction between the Earth and Moon.
5.
The gravitational pull between the Sun and Venus could be increased by reducing which one of the following?
a)
The distance between the Sun and Venus
b)
The amount of time it takes for the Sun to rotate
c)
The speed of the orbit of Venus
d)
The mass of the Sun and Venus
6.
When the astronauts went to the Moon, they felt a much smaller pull from gravity. In fact, the Moon's gravity is about 1/6 of the Earth's gravity. Why does the Moon have such a small amount of gravity compared to the Earth?
a)
Because the moon is not as close to the Sun as the Earth is.
b)
Because it has a very smooth surface and is dark gray with no life.
c)
Because it has a much smaller mass than the Earth.
d)
Because it is farther away from the Sun's gravity.
7.
The orbital motions of the objects in the solar system are the direct result of which of the following features of the Sun?
a)
Its magnetic field
b)
Its brightness
c)
Its gravitational pull
d)
Its chemical composition
8.

What are galaxies made of?

a)

Stars, gases, and space dust

b)

Suns and planets

c)

Dust and gases

d)

Gravity

9.

What type of galaxy is this?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Spiral

c)

Irregular

d)

Conical

10.

What galaxy do we live in?

a)

Andromeda

b)

Milky Way

c)

Tuffle

d)

Ceres

11.

All existing matter and space considered as a whole is called what?

a)

Galaxy

b)

Planet

c)

Universe

d)

Milky Way

12.

About how long ago was the universe formed?

a)

About 13.7 billion years ago

b)

About 17.3 billion years ago

c)

About 4.6 billion years ago

d)

About 6.4 billion years ago

13.

What is the Big Bang Theory?

a)

Two giant stars hit each other and exploded.

b)

The universe started as a hot, dense point in space that is rapidly expanding.

c)

The universe got too big, exploded, and started over.

d)

A theory that states the thermodynamics of the universe

14.

What type of galaxy is this?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Spiral

c)

Irregular

d)

Conical

15.

Gravity is responsible for which of the following characteristics of a galaxy?

a)

The motion of the objects within it

b)

The size of its largest stars

c)

Its location within the universe

d)

The color of light it emits

16.

What is the correct order for the formation of our solar system?

a)

1,2,3,4

b)

2,3,4,1

c)

2,4,3,1

d)

1,3,4,2

17.
Place these objects in order from smallest to largest.
a)
Planets, solar system, universe, galaxy
b)
Solar system, planets, galaxy, universe
c)
Planets, solar system, galaxy, universe
d)
Galaxy, solar system, planets, universe
18.

Which of the following best describes the formation of the solar system?

a)

The sun ejected rocky material which later went on to form the planets.

b)

A rotating disk of gas and dust was drawn together by the force of gravity.

c)

One very large planetary body broke apart into several smaller planets.

d)

Several stars of different masses cooled and formed the planets and the sun.

19.

The data table provides information on the distance and period of orbit for the inner planets.

Based on the pattern in the data, we can predict that the period of Mars’ orbit will be–

a)

less than 88 days.

b)

between 88 and 224.6 days.

c)

greater than 365.2 days.

d)

exactly two times 224.6 days.

20.

What is the commonly accepted hypothesis about how stars are formed?

a)

Stars form from vast clouds of dust and gas called a nebula

b)

A supernova created from gases and dust

c)

Stars form in clusters sometimes called superclusters.

d)

When a tiny single point expanded to create a star

21.

Scientists use the light-year to describe the relationships between objects in space. What does a light-year measure?

a)

the distance that light can travel in one year

b)

the brightness of light that travels through space

c)

the number of years it takes light to travel to Earth

d)

the time it takes light to travel 1 million km

22.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Irrational