The source of all clouds and precipitation is water vapor.

Atmospheric pressure increases with height.

Select the letter in the figure that identifies the troposphere.

Select the letter in the figure that identifies the stratosphere.

Select the appropriate letter in the figure that identifies the month of March.

Select the appropriate letter in the figure that identifies the month of December.

In position B in the diagram, the northern end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun. When Earth is in this position, what season is it in the northern hemisphere.

The transfer of heat by mass movement or circulation within a substance.

The transfer of heat through matter by molecular activity.

The transfer of heat without requiring a medium to travel through.

All objects at any temperature emit radiant energy.

Hotter objects emit _____ total energy per unit area than colder objects do.

The hotter a radiating body is, the longer the wavelengths of maximum radiation it will produce.

Which process produces rays that travel in all directions?

Another term for the greenhouse effect is global warming.

Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

The Southern Hemisphere has smaller annual temperature variations than the Northern Hemisphere because the Southern Hemisphere has much more water area and much less land area than the Northern Hemisphere.

A location on a windward coast will have a more moderate climate than an inland location at the same latitude.

Locations at higher altitudes will have _____ average temperatures than locations at lower altitudes.

Which of the following definitions is correct for albedo?

Clouds have the same effect on temperatures during the night as they do during the day.

Lines on a map that connect points with the same temperature are called _____.

What effect on temperature would you find at high altitudes?

What effect on temperature would you find behind a mountain range?

Which is the most important gas in atmospheric processes?

Which of the following letters in the diagram represents EVAPORATION?

In the diagram, which process is represented by letter C?

Which of the following processes would be the opposite of melting?

T or F: Saturated warm air contains more water vapor than saturated cold air.

When water vapor is added to air, the relative humidity

What is a hygrometer used to measure?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

What type of cloud is shown in the picture?

When a parcel of air is allowed to expand, it _____.

The rate of heating or cooling of saturated air is the dry adiabatic rate.

When a parcel of air reaches its dew point, the process of _____ begins.

Process by which air is lifted caused when mountains block airflow. Results in clouds and precipitation on windward slopes.

Process by which air is lifted caused when cool, dense air blocks warm, less dense air. Results in clouds and rain.

Temperature inversion.

Above the ground, tiny particles called condensation nuclei serve as surfaces for water-vapor condensation.

Clouds are classified based on form and height.

Which of the following are low clouds? Choose all that apply.

Fogs can be formed by cooling or by evaporation.

Which word describes water in the liquid state cooled below 0 degrees C.

Ice pellets with multiple layers.

Air pressure is the pressure exerted by the _____ of air above a certain point.

T or F: Average air pressure is about the same as that produced by a column of water 10 m high.

An instrument used to measure air pressure.

When air pressure increases, the mercury in the tube of a mercury barometer _____.

T or F: The mercury barometer was invented by Galileo.

T or F: Pressure differences that cause wind are generated by unequal heating of Earth's surface.

T or F: The Coriolis effect occurs because Earth rotates underneath the path of moving objects.

T or F: In the Southern Hemisphere, winds around a cyclone flow outward.

Which of the following would be associated with diagram A?

Which of the following would be associated with diagram B?

T or F: Cyclones often produce bad weather, whereas anticyclones often produce good weather.

The atmosphere moves warm air toward high latitudes and cool air toward _____.

In the diagram, what does letter D represent?

In the diagram, what does letter E represent?

Which of the following winds near the equator blow from easterly directions?

During the day, heated air along mountain slopes rises.

During the day, heated air over land rises, allowing cooler air to move in from over water.

The coldest air pockets are usually found on

In the United States, the _____ move weather from west to east.

The instrument used to measure wind speed is the _____.

An episode of ocean warming that affects the eastern tropical Pacific is called _____.

T or F: A La Nina episode is triggered by colder than average surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific.

T or F: Areas dominated by subtropical low-pressure cells are often deserts.

The force exerted by the weight of the air above is called

What is the ultimate energy source for most wind?

Which force generates winds?

A steep pressure gradient...

(Choose all that apply)

Variations in air pressure from place to place are the principal cause of

High-altitude, high-velocity "rivers" of air are called

In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a low-pressure system blow

In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high-pressure system blow

Centers of low pressure are called

Centers of high pressure are called

Fair weather can usually be expected with the approach of which of the following?

The general movement of winds across the United States is from

Near the equator, rising air is associated with a pressure zone known as the

Valley and mountain breezes are an example of

A sea breeze usually originates during the

A land breeze usually originates during the

A wind that consistently blows more often from one direction than from any other is called a

Which instrument is used to measure wind speed?

Winds are labeled according to which of the following?

Which of the following is a warm countercurrent that periodically flows southward along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru in South America?

Which air mass is represented by letter A?

Which air mass is represented by letter G?

Which air mass is represented by letter D?

Which air mass is represented by letter B?

Which air mass is represented by letter F?

Which air mass is represented by letter E?

Which air mass would contain warm, moist air?

Which air mass would contain cool, moist air?

Which air mass would contain cold, dry air?

Which air mass would contain hot, dry air?

Characteristics of Maritime Polar air masses

Characteristics of Continental Tropical air masses

Front that produces light to moderate precipitation over a large area for an extended period.

Front that produces heavy rain, gusty wind, and even hail and tornadoes

When the surface position of a front doesn't move as two air masses meet but don't displace one another

When a cold front overtakes a warm front and wedges warm air upwards into the atmosphere.

Weather associated with this front

Weather associated with this front

Weather associated with this front

Weather associated with this front

Characteristics of a low pressure center

Characteristics of a high pressure center

Match the symbol with the correct term

Match the symbol with the correct term

Clockwise rotation and away from the center

Counter-clockwise rotation and towards the center

An extremely large body of air that is characterized by similar temperatures and amounts of moisture.

T or F: When an air mass moves, it carries its temperature and moisture conditions with it.

In addition to their overall temperature, air masses are classified according to...

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of air mass?

These air masses are uniformly cold and dry in winter and cool and dry in summer.

Warm air masses loaded with moisture and containing unstable air.

Air masses that start as cP and change into relatively mild, humid, unstable air as they move across ocean waters.

Warm air masses that only occasionally move outside their source regions. When they do, they can cause extreme heat and drought in the Great Plains.

Localized snowstorms associated with cP air masses that move across the Great Lakes in late fall and winter.

T or F: As an air mass moves, its temperature and moisture characteristics never change.

What type of front is shown in the diagram?

What type of front is shown in the diagram?

What type of front is shown in the diagram?

What type of front is shown in the diagram?

What type of front is represented by this symbol on a surface weather map?

What type of front is represented by this symbol on a surface weather map?

What type of front is represented by this symbol on a surface weather map?

What type of front is represented by this symbol on a surface weather map?

Forms when cold, dense air moves into a region occupied by warmer air.

When a cold front overtakes a warm front and advancing cold air wedges the warm front upwards.

Type of front formed when the surface position of a front doesn’t move. Two air masses come together but neither displaces the other.

Forms when warm air moves into an area formerly covered by cooler air.

A storm that produces lightning and thunder; frequently producing gusty winds, heavy rain, and hail.

Clouds associated with thunderstorms.

T or F: Thunderstorms form when warm, humid air rises in an unstable environment.

The second stage of thunderstorm development, usually occurring within an hour of the first updraft. This stage is marked by heavy precipitation.

A violent windstorm that takes the form of a rotating column of air called a vortex.

A vertical cylinder of rotating air that develops in the updraft of a thunderstorm.

Scale used to estimate tornado intensity; usually determined by assessing the worst damage produced by a storm.

The May 22, 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri measured _____ on the Fujita tornado intensity scale.

Whirling tropical cyclones that produce sustained winds of at least 119 kilometers per hour.

T or F: The most devastating damage from a hurricane is caused by extremely high winds.