A service that primarily meets the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services

A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serves as market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than small settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, with fields surrounding the settlement

A service that primarily meets the needs of individual consumers, including retail, education, health, and leisure services

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

A community’s base of economic businesses

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century

An area that has a substantial amount of low-income residents and has poor access to a grocery store, defined in most cases as further than one mile

A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service

The area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to the place’s goods and services

A business that sells its products primarily to customers in the same settlement

A city that is the largest settlement in a country and has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice the population as the second ranking settlement

A service offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants

The minimum number of people needed to support a service

An increase in the percentage and number of people living in urban settlements

Legally adding land area to a city in the United States

The process of capturing waste CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, usually underground

An area delineated by the US Census Bureau for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered

An urban settlement that has be legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit known as a municipality

In the United States, two or more contiguous CBSAs tied together by commuting patterns

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings

In the United States, any MSA or μSA

The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

A large node of office and retail services on the edge of an urban area

A process in the change of the use of a house, from single-family owner to abandonment

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter occupied area to a predominantly middle class, owner occupied area

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures

A continuous urban complex in the northeastern United States

In the United States, an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city

An urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is located, and adjacent counties tied to the city

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential areas and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road

In the United States, any MSA not included in a CSA, or any μSA not included in a CSA

Government-owned housing rented to low-income individual, with rents set at 30 percent of the tenant’s income

A process by which financial institutions draw red-coloured lines on a map and refuse to to lend money for people to pursue or improve property within the lines

The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volume of traffic

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district

Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Social Area Analysis: Statistical analysis used to identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle living within an urban area

Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area

A residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city

Development that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics

A central city and its surrounding built-up suburbs

In the United States, an urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants

In the United States, an urban area with at least 50,000 inhabitants

A law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of development in a community