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Worksheets180 Week 7 Immune System
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 24mins
A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing severe anemia. Epoetin alfa is prescribed for what reason?
To treat hypertension
To increase platelet count
To increase production of red blood cells
To reduce erythrocyte counts
Dr. Smith is considering prescribing Epoetin Alfa to a patient with chronic kidney disease to treat anemia. However, she is concerned about potential complications. Which of the following is a complication associated with Epoetin Alfa?
Hypotension
Hypertension
Anemia
Leukopenia
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of filgrastim (Neupogen)?
Stimulates the production of erythrocytes and leukocytes
Stimulates the production of platelets and other clotting factors
Stimulates the bone marrow to increase production of neutrophils
Decreases thrombocytopenia and need for platelet transfusions
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of anemia?
Pale mucous membranes
Hypertension
Pale skin
Weight gain
Lethargy
During a nutrition workshop, you learn about enhancing iron absorption. Which of the following should you consume to achieve this?
Grapefruit juice
Orange juice
Antacids
Dairy products
What is the therapeutic use of iron supplements like ferrous sulfate?
To treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency
To increase energy levels
To treat and prevent iron-deficiency anemia
To reduce gastrointestinal (GI) distress
What is a common nursing care instruction for clients taking iron supplements?
Expect to have increased energy immediately
Anticipate dark green/black stools
Increase intake of dairy products
Take the supplements with a large meal
What is the prototype of Vitamin B12 supplements?
Folic acid
Cyanocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin
Methylcobalamin
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of folic acid supplements?
Treatment of hypokalemia
Prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy
Increase in RBC production
Sodium/fluid retention
What type of vaccines contain live but weakened microbes that cannot produce the disease?
Inactivated
Toxoids
Recombinant
Attenuated
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of vaccines?
They provide temporary immunity by introducing toxins.
They produce antibodies to provide active immunity.
They directly destroy pathogens in the body.
They stimulate the production of white blood cells.
What is a contraindication for live vaccines?
Mild fever
Severe febrile illness
Common cold
Allergic reaction to pollen
What should be documented when administering a vaccine? [Select all that apply]
Lot number
Expiration date
Site of injection
Informed consent
Manufacturer
What is the purpose of prophylactic antibiotic therapy?
To treat an existing infection
To treat organism identified with cultures
To prevent infection
To treat infections after obtaining specific culture information
Which type of therapy is initiated before specific culture information is reported or obtained?
Empiric therapy
Definitive therapy
Prophylactic therapy
Bacteriostatic therapy
What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics?
Bactericidal antibiotics prevent the growth of bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics kill the bacteria
Bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria, while bacteriostatic antibiotics slow the growth of the bacteria
Bactericidal antibiotics are used for prophylactic therapy, while bacteriostatic antibiotics are not
Bactericidal antibiotics are more toxic to infants and the elderly, while bacteriostatic antibiotics are not
What should be performed prior to the initiation of antimicrobial therapy to identify the bacteria and what drug kills it?
Empiric therapy
Definitive therapy
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Prophylactic therapy
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Penicillin G?
Inhibits protein synthesis
Destroys the bacterial cell wall
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Slows bacterial growth
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of Penicillin G?
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Strep infections and meningitis
Post-operative infection
Pelvic infections
What is a known interaction of cephalosporins?
Interaction with vitamin C
Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol
Increased effect with grapefruit juice
Decreased absorption with antacids
Which of the following is a precaution for the use of cephalosporins?
Do not give with penicillin allergy
Avoid in patients with a history of diabetes
Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures
Do not administer to patients with a history of asthma
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Carbapenems like imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem?
Inhibits protein synthesis
Destroys the bacterial cell wall
Inhibits DNA replication
Blocks bacterial ribosome function
What is the purpose of Carbapenems like imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem?
To treat diabetes
To reduce cholesterol
To treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia, peritonitis, and UTI
To alleviate pain
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines such as tetracycline (Sumycin)?
Destroys the bacterial cell wall
Increases protein synthesis
Slows bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
Increases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives
Which of the following is a complication associated with tetracyclines? [Select all that apply]
GI problems (N/V/D/esophageal ulceration)
Tooth discoloration
Ototoxicity
Photosensitivity
Hepatotoxicity
Vancomycin (Vancocin) is particularly used for treating infections caused by which type of bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
What is a serious side effect of vancomycin that requires monitoring and potentially slowing the infusion?
Hypersensitivity
Infusion reaction (Red Man Syndrome)
Yeast infection
Discoloration of the teeth
Macrolides such as erythromycin and azithromycin are known to be effective against which of the following diseases? [Select all that apply]
Tuberculosis
Pertussis
Malaria
Hepatitis C
Chlamydia
The drugs that end in -mycin have (a) as a common complication.
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of gentamicin (Garamycin)?
Inhibits DNA replication
Inhibits protein synthesis
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with gentamicin (Garamycin)?
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Hypersensitivity
Phototoxicity
What should be monitored regularly when a patient is on fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin?
AST, ALT, and heart rate
AST, ALT, BUN, Creatinine
Blood glucose and BUN/Creatinine
White blood cell count and platelets
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of fluoroquinolones?
Hypertension
Children under 18 years of age
Diabetes
Asthma
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim/Septra)?
Prevents synthesis of mycolic acid in the cell wall of the bacteria
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Damages bacterial DNA
Increases the risk for toxicity and antibiotic resistance
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole? [Select all that apply]
UTI's
Otitis media
Tuberculosis
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Herpes zoster
Which are complications of nitrofurantoin? [Select all that apply]
Blood dyscrasias
Hepatotoxicity
Peripheral neuropathy
Esophagitis
Ototoxicity
What is the MOA of isoniazid (INH)?
Inhibits folic acid synthesis
Damages bacterial DNA
Prevents synthesis of mycolic acid in the cell wall of the bacteria
Increases the risk for toxicity and antibiotic resistance
Which of the following is a complication associated with the use of rifampin (Rifadin)?
Gingival hyperplasia
Hepatotoxicity
Renal impairment
Phlebitis
What is the mode of action (MOA) of Acyclovir (Zovirax)?
It inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria
It prevents the cells or by inhibiting enzymes needed for replication
It prevents the reproduction of viral DNA
It uses reverse transcriptase to change RNA into DNA
What should be monitored when administering Ethambutol?
AST and ALT levels
Visual acuity
Renal function
Blood sugar levels
Which medication adversely impacts therapy when used in combination with antituberculosis drugs?
Zidovudine
Echinacea
Acyclovir
Pyrazinamide
What is the primary function of antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection?
To attach to a host cell and replicate
To change RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase
To prevent the virus from entering the cells or by inhibiting enzymes needed for replication
To reduce antibiotic resistance
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-AIDS?
Hypertension
Myelosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Leukocytosis
What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of fusion entry inhibitors like enfuvirtide in the treatment of HIV?
They cure HIV infection
They prevent HIV from attaching to and entering the T cells
They target specific phases of HIV replication cycle
They are used as a multi-drug regimen
Which are medications that can be prescribed to treat tuberculosis? [Select all that apply]
Pyrazinamide
Enfuvirtide
Isoniazid
Rifampin
Acyclovir
