vitally important to education, science, business and a wide variety of public policy concerns. For example,

help us to assess the likelihood, prepare for, and minimize damage from natural hazards.

actions taken to reduce or eliminate long term risks caused by hazards or disasters, such as flooding,earthquakes, wildfires, landslides, or dam failure.

Government, administrative, or regulatory actions that influence the way land and buildings are developed to reduce hazard losses.

Actions to inform citizens and elected officials about hazards and ways to mitigate them

actions that protect people and property during and immediately after a hazard event includes.

modification of buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard or removal of structures from a hazard area.

Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of hazard.

actions that minimize hazard loss and preserve or restore the functions of natural system.

5th step of the MHP is a living document that must be regularly reviewed, updated, and maintained.A schedule is prepared to include responsible departments involved with monitoring, evaluating, and updating the plan during its five year cycle. a process for integrating the updated mitigation strategy into existing plans and reports should be outlined and a plan for continued public outreach and participation must also be developed.

6th step the draft plan is made available for public comment then submitted to the government for review and approval once a plan has been determined to meet all requirements and receives official approval it.

2nd step The risk assessment includes the identification of the location and geographic extent of natural and human caused hazards that can affect the city. The hazard impacts and future probability of occurrence is also determined. Scientific and historical evidence of past events is collected and evaluated.

1st Step Relevant studies, plans and reports are collected along with communications resources that allow the public to involved throughout the planning process.

3rd step of Local capabilities through emergency management, the National Flood Insurance Program, planning and regulatory authorities, administrative, technical, financial, and political capacities are assessed for the plan revision.

4th step Goals, objectives, and past mitigation actions are evaluated and revised as needed by the planning team. The planning teams will also define appropriate new mitigation techniques, and prioritize mitigation actions and projects in the revised mitigation strategy.

its a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.

An event that occurs within a short period of time, generally WITHIN 6hours following the END of the causative event.

It’s a low pressure area rotating counter-clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the Western Pacific Ocean.

refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.

A rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast, generated by the action of weather elements such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure.

is sometimes referred to as the cold phase of ENSO and El Niño as the warm phase of ENSO. These deviations from normal surface temperatures can have large-scales impacts not only on ocean processes, but also on global weather and climate.

a weather condition that produces lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds and possibly a tornado.

An overflow of water onto normally dry land. It is an event that occurs after 6 hours following the end of thw causative event.

any source that can cause harm or damage to humans, property, or the environment.

an instrument that project light beam to the clouds.

an instrument that measures and records both temperature and humidity.

a writing arm that records barometer pressure, which wires and falls on a revolving scroll of paper.

the inside diameter od the collector is exactly 8 inches above a funnel that conducts rain into a cylindrical measuring tube or reciever.

an instrument that determines the height of the cloud base by measuring the distance of the cloud bases to the ground.

an instrument that determines wind speed and direction. It is attached to a hydrogen-filled pilot balloon and is allowed to float in the atmosphere at different heights to reach its different levels.

also called a pilot ballot or pibal, a balloon filled with hydrogen oe other gas lighter than air, which is used to determine the height of the cloud base of clouds above ground level during daylight house.

it is used to measure temperature, pressure, and relative humidity in the atmosphere. A small instrument package that is suspended below balloon filled with either hydrogen or helium.

consists of a dry and wet bulb thermometer, The term bulb refers to that portion of the glass tube where the mercury is stored.