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AP Psychology Midterm Measure of Growth

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Quentin has been monitoring what his siblings do when his parents yell at them, and how their actions change. His approach is most in line with what school of psychological thought?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Cognitive

c)

Psychoanalytical

d)

Humanistic

e)

Structuralist

2.

Theoretically today many people pull from multiple fields in order to support their comprehensive view of how to treat a client. Which view would probably be used to do this?

a)

Structuralist

b)

Functionalist

c)

Biopsychosocial

d)

Psychoanalytical

e)

Developmental

3.

George sees his clients for a brief period of time, and mostly concentrates his questions on how their medication is working so he can find out if he should issue them a new scrip or change the milligram dosage he has prescribed. George is most likely a:

a)

personality psychologist

b)

clinical psychologist

c)

psychometrician

d)

psychiatrist

e)

industrial-organizational psychologist

4.

Julian believes that everything we do was determined with our personality that we were born with. Thanos believes that we are the sum product of our life experiences. The basic conflict that sums the difference between these two perspectives is:

a)

nature vs. nurture

b)

freedom vs. determinism

c)

dualism vs. monism

d)

structuralism vs. functionalism

e)

simplicity vs. difficulty

5.

Brielle is working to increase the productivity of employees during the holiday season at the retail store she is employed by. She is most likely what type of psychologist?

a)

counseling

b)

clinical

c)

psychoanalytic

d)

humanistic

e)

industrial-organizational

6.

Which of the following correctly describes how to randomly select a representative high school population?

a)

picking every fifth person with a high gpa from schools that are located in southern states

b)

selecting every other person from every student in multiple high schools around the country

c)

selecting 50 people from every school in the country with staff input

d)

selecting 5 students from every middle, elementary and high school through drawing straws

e)

selecting six students and staff from a lottery system at schools nationwide

7.

Which scatterplot shows the strongest negative relationship between the variables?

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
8.
The child who says “milk gone” is engaging in ____________. This type of utterance demonstrates that children are actively experimenting with the rules of ____________.
a)
Babbling; syntax
b)
Telegraphic speech; syntax
c)
Babbling; semantics
d)
Telegraphic speech; semantics
9.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)
a)
prototype.
b)
morpheme.
c)
syntax.
d)
algorithm.
10.

Which structural component of language is the smallest unit of distinctive sound?

a)

Phoneme

b)

Morpheme

c)

Semantics

d)

Syntax

11.
Which of the following has limited storage capacity?
a)
Short Term Memory
b)
Long Term Memory
c)
Sensory Memory
12.

Which theory says that if a child does not learn a language of any kind by the age of 7, they will never be able to master a language?

a)

Insight

b)

Intuition

c)

Phoneme

d)

Morpheme

e)

Critical Periods

13.

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word “hit” in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of

a)

syntax.

b)

semantics.

c)

morphemes.

d)

prototypes.

e)

linguistic determinism.

14.

Children begin to demonstrate that they know how to put words in a sensible order during the ________ stage.

a)

babbling

b)

syntactic

c)

two-word

d)

three-word

e)

phonetic

15.
In English, it is appropriate to refer to “a pretty bird,” but not to “a bird pretty.”  This best illustrates the importance of:
a)
syntax.
b)
semantics.
c)
morphemes.
d)
phonemes.
16.
A, an and ill are all examples of:
a)
Phonemes
b)
Morphemes
c)
Syntax
d)
Grammar
17.
Which of the following is not related to forgetting?
a)
Retroactive interference
b)
Repression
c)
Decay
d)
Long term potentiation
18.
If you watch a sequel to movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing...
a)
Repressive Memories
b)
Proactive Interference
c)
Retroactive Interference
d)
Memory Decay
19.
Which brain part is responsible for facilitating explicit memories?
a)
brain stem
b)
cerebellum
c)
amygdala
d)
hippocampus
20.

Learning the the United States stopped importing all oil and energy from Russia but not be able to identify where you learned this information is an example of

a)

retrograde amnesia

b)

Anterograde amnesia

c)

Source amnesia

d)

constructed memory processing

21.
You psychology professor wants to describe the average score on your first psychology test.  Which measure of central tendency is your professor most likely to use? 
a)
mean
b)
median
c)
mode 
d)
harmonic mean
22.
Scores pile up at the low end of the scale in 
a)
a negatively skewed distribution
b)
a positively skewed distribution
c)
any skewed distribution
d)
a normal distribution
23.
The marketing agent for a professional sports franchise conducts a survey asking people how much they support the construction of a new sports stadium. Almost everyone who takes part in the survey indicates they are strongly in favor of a new stadium; there are just a few respondents who think a new stadium would be a bad idea.  When the results from the survey are plotted in a histogram, the distribution will be 
a)
positively skewed
b)
symmetrical
c)
impossible to predict without more information
d)
negatively skewed
24.
In a strongly skewed distribution, the best indicator of central tendency is usually the
a)
mean
b)
median
c)
mode
d)
standard deviation
25.

When scores are "bunched up"in the center of a distribution, the

a)

mean will be relatively low

b)

standard deviation will be relatively low

c)

correlation coefficiaent will be a negative number

d)

standard deviation will be relatively high

26.
Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 
a)
functional fixedness.
b)
the availability heuristic.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
27.
A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 
a)
confirmation bias.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
belief perseverance.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
28.
Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:
a)
framing.
b)
belief bias.
c)
representativeness heuristics.
d)
confirmation bias.
29.
Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 
a)
the representativeness heuristic.
b)
belief perseverance.
c)
confirmation bias.
d)
functional fixedness.
30.

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

fixed-interval

c)

variable-interval

d)

variable-ratio

31.

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

a)

fixed-interval

b)

variable-interval

c)

fixed-ratio

d)

variable-ratio

32.

You are expecting an important letter in the mail. As the regular delivery time approaches you glance more and more frequently out the window, searching for the letter carrier. Your behavior in this situation typifies that associated with which schedule of reinforcement?

a)

fixed-ratio

b)

variable-ratio

c)

fixed-interval

d)

variable-interval

33.

Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

a)

fixed-interval

b)

fixed-ratio

c)

variable-interval

d)

variable-ratio

34.
Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?
a)
availability heuristic
b)
insight
c)
prototype confusion
d)
confirmation bias
35.
To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 
a)
the availability heuristic.
b)
functional fixedness.
c)
an algorithm.
d)
the representativeness heuristic.
36.

Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...

a)

Insight

b)

Heuristic

c)

Prototype

d)

Algorithm

e)

Retrieval

37.

Which type of creative thinking expands the number of possible problem solutions?

a)

Divergent Thinking

b)

Convergent Thinking

c)

Intrinsic Motivation

d)

Availability Heuristic

e)

Representative Heuristic

38.

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

a)

prototypes.

b)

heuristics.

c)

phonemes.

d)

algorithms.

e)

framing.

39.

Clinical researchers are interested in gaining insight into the causes of abnormal behavior. One way that they do this is to delve deeply into the histories of patients with a common diagnosis, interviewing family, friends, teachers, therapists, physicians, babysitters, and others who can provide rich details about the patients’ lives. Then, researchers try to see if there are any common themes in the information gathered. What research method does this strategy represent?

a)

Case study

b)

Naturalistic observation

c)

Quantitative analysis

d)

Experiment

e)

Quasi-experiment

40.

During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Alicia is most likely suffering from which of the following conditions?

a)

The REM rebound effect

b)

Sleep apnea

c)

Night terrors

d)

Insomnia

e)

Narcolepsy

41.

A mental image of a spatial layout is called

a)

insight

b)

an algorithm

c)

a mental set

d)

a heuristic

e)

a cognitive map

42.

Barney is a somewhat distractible second-grade student who finds schoolwork a bit boring. After a couple of minutes of working silently, Barney often starts to misbehave until his teacher, Ms. Skinner, calls his name and scolds him. However, he enjoys this attention from her and continues to misbehave. With respect to Barney’s misbehavior, Ms. Skinner’s attention serves as

a)

negative reinforcement

b)

punishment

c)

differential reinforcement

d)

primary reinforcement

e)

positive reinforcement

43.
The technique of strengthening behavior by reinforcing successive approximations is called
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
distributed practice
d)
modeling
e)
shaping
44.
Taking a painkiller to relieve a toothache is behavior learned through which of the following processes?
a)
Shaping
b)
Punishment
c)
Positive reinforcement
d)
Negative reinforcement
e)
Omission training
45.
Individuals who believe that an unpleasant experience is unavoidable and therefore do nothing to change the course of events are exhibiting
a)
self-actualization attributes
b)
self-actualization attributes
c)
attributional deficits
d)
cognitive dissonance
e)
learned helplessness
46.
Just before something scary happens in a horror film, they often play scary-sounding music. When I hear the music, I tense up in anticipation of the scary event. In this situation, the music serves as a(n)
a)
US
b)
CS
c)
UR
d)
CR
e)
NR
47.
Try as you might, you are unable to teach your dog to do a somersault. He will roll around on the ground, but he refuses to execute the gymnastic move you desire because of
a)
equipotentiality
b)
preparedness
c)
instinctive drift
d)
chaining
e)
shaping
48.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?
a)
chocolate cake
b)
water
c)
money
d)
applause
e)
high grades
49.
An aptitude test attempts to measure
a)
potential for future learning
b)
how much a person already knows
c)
a person's genetic makeup
d)
kinesthetic intelligence
50.
Validity means that 
a)
a test measures what it is supposed to measure
b)
that a test has been tested on many subjects
c)
a test measures both aptitude and acheivement
d)
scores are the same no matter who grades the test
51.

Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's

a)

ability to assume the perspective of others.

b)

ability to utilize diffuse brain regions for storing memories.

c)

accumulated knowledge.

d)

ability to reason speedily and abstractly.

52.

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to

a)

have content validity.

b)

be reliable.

c)

have a normal distribution.

d)

have predictive validity.

53.

If a test is standardized, this means that

a)

it accurately measures what it is intended to measure.

b)

most test scores will cluster near the average.

c)

the test will yield consistent results when administered on different occasions.

d)

a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group.

54.

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure used to:

a)

derive IQ scores by comparing mental age with chronological age

b)

evaluate how accurately test items predict a criterion behavior.

c)

identify clusters of closely related test items.

d)

provide a quantitative estimate of heritability.

55.
Although Nicole scored well above average on the SAT, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of:
a)
convergent thinking
b)
validity
c)
mental age
d)
emotional intelligence
56.
What stage am I :
infants basic needs are met, they develop
a)
autonomy vs shame
b)
Initiative vs guilt
c)
trust vs mistrust
d)
Generativity vs stagnation
57.
What stage am I?
Kids feel good about being productive, or they feel inferior for failing to do so.
a)
Initiative vs guilt
b)
Industry vs inferiority
c)
Identity vs role confusion
58.
What stage am I?
Teens test different roles, or they’re confused about who they are.
a)
Trust vs mistrust
b)
generativity vs stagnation
c)
Identity vs role confusion
59.
The condition that exists when the probability that the findings are not due to chance
a)
statistical significance
b)
experimenter bias
c)
confounding variables
60.

The three stages of the Information processing model of memory are

a)

iconic,

echoic,

encoding

b)

semantic, episodic, procedural

c)

cerebellum, temporal lobe, hippocampus

d)

sensory,

short term,

long term

61.

According to George Miller our capacity in short-term memory is limited on average to around _______ items.

a)

5

b)

7

c)

9

d)

11

62.

Kevin and Jonathan see each other for the first time in twenty years at a class reunion. They immediately recall the winning play of the state championship game they played in together as seniors in high school.

a)

short-term memory.

b)

iconic memory.

c)

procedural memory

d)

episodic memory

63.

Memory of facts and concepts

a)

Semantic Memory

b)

Implicit Memory

c)

Explicit Memory

d)

Episodic Memory

64.

The name for a living things biological processes (such as sleep) that occur roughly every 24 hours is the

a)

Circle of life

b)

Superchiasmatic Nucleus

c)

Circadian Rhythm

d)

Circulo de respirar

65.

Deals with numbers- height, weight, time.

a)

Collectivist cultures

b)

Individualistic cultures

c)

Quantitative data

d)

Qualitative data

66.

Tendency to overstate one's role in a positive venture & underestimate in a failure.

a)

Self-serving bias

b)

Anterograde Amnesia

c)

Retrograde Amnesia

d)

Self-fulfilling prohecies

67.
A humanistic psychologist working with some poets might ask which of the following questions?
a)
How can we get them to reach their highest potential?
b)
How did their childhood experiences impact their current behavior? 
c)
How have rewards and punishments shaped their behavior?
d)
How do their brains differ from those of other successful people?
68.
After the student council election, a friend tells you he has known for weeks who would be elected president. What does this seem to illustrate?
a)
Critical thinking
b)
Hindsight Bias
c)
Overconfidence
d)
Skepticism
69.
Why is an operational definition necessary when reporting research findings?
a)
An operational definition allows others to replicate the procedure
b)
An operational definiton provides more context and includes many examples of the same concept described.
c)
An operational definition is easier to translate into muliple languages than a dictionary definition
d)
An operational definition is not necessary since a dictionary definitoin will work as well for replication.
70.
A researcher looking for gender differences in 3-year old observes a preschool class and records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls.  She then compares the two sets of numbers. What type of descriptive research is the conducting?
a)
Case study
b)
National study
c)
Random sample method
d)
Naturalistic Observation
71.
Which method should a psychology researcher use if she is interested in testing whether a specific reward in a classroom situation causes students to behave better?
a)
Case Study
b)
Experiment
c)
Survey
d)
Naturalistic Observation
72.
Which of the following is an example of a negative correlation?
a)
People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less
b)
Teenage female tend to have fewer speeding tickets thatn teenage males
c)
Students with low IQ scores tend to have lower grades
73.

When ten-month-old Frances throws her toy out of sight, she looks to see where it falls. Developmental psychologists would say that Frances’ behavior indicates that she has developed

a)

centration

b)

conservation

c)

egocentrism

d)

object permanence

e)

accommodation

74.

Four-year-old Craig understands that birds build nests in trees. In his front yard, Craig notices an unusually large nest. He is scared to go near it, fearing that some large bird may attack him. Craig’s father explains to him that squirrels also build nests and that the nest in the front yard is that of a squirrel. Craig changes his thinking to now include the fact that squirrels build nests. Jean Piaget would say that Craig’s new way of thinking about nests is an example of

a)

insight

b)

accommodation

c)

an algorithm

d)

a heuristic

e)

conservation

75.

A child reading a book points to a picture on the page and calls to his mother in another room and says, “Mommy, who’s in this picture?” He expects that she will know what he is pointing at, even though she cannot see it. Which of the following concepts is illustrated in this example?

a)

Animism

b)

Assimilation

c)

Conservation

d)

Egocentrism

e)

Object permanence

76.

Generally speaking, heritability is the extent to which

a)

differences among people are accounted for by genes.

b)

An individual's traits are due to genes or the environment.

c)

differences among people are due to the environment.

d)

differences among people are due to their cultural heritage.

77.

Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the

a)

theory of mind

b)

zone of abstract logic

c)

zone of abstract reasoning

d)

zone of proximal development

e)

zone of developmental readiness

78.

Your friend's baby brother, Matt, loves to play with his pet cat. When he sees a puppy, he points and calls it " Mi Mi, " which is what he calls his cat. Matt is demonstrating Piaget's process of

a)

conservation

b)

accomodation

c)

cognition

d)

object permanence

e)

assimilation

79.

A student who scored a percentile rank of 90 on an achievement test is best characterized as having?

a)

scored lower than 90% of the test takers

b)

scored higher than 90% of the test takers

c)

answered 90% of the test questions correctly

d)

scored 90% of the highest possible score

80.

Your best friend has seen a number of news reports recently about plane crashes. He is more frightened of flying than driving in a car, even though car crashes are much more prevalent. His fear is most likely attributed to:

a)

the representative heuristic

b)

the availability heuristic

c)

functional fixedness

d)

gambler's fallacy

81.

Scenario: A 65-year old woman has a stroke. She still has all of her memories from before the stroke but has difficulty remembering new information. What is this called?

a)

anterograde amnesia

b)

dissociative disorder

c)

retrograde amnesia

d)

conversion disorder

82.

Over time, intelligence test scores have gradually increased. This phenomenon is due to the:

a)

fluid intelligence effect

b)

Flynn Effect

c)

culture-fair tests effect

d)

lack of heritability of intelligence

83.

Typically, if we look at a list and are asked to recall what was on the list, we will remember the first and last words better than words from the middle of the list. This is due to:

a)

misinformation effect

b)

next-in-line effect

c)

spacing effect

d)

serial position effect

84.

If Dr. Brennan is telling you a joke and cannot remember where she heard it, she is suffering from:

a)

retrieval failure

b)

encoding failure

c)

source amnesia

d)

retrograde amnesia

85.

When you are studying by focusing on facts and not the meaning of information, you are using:

a)

shallow processing

b)

implicit memory

c)

deep processing

d)

classical conditioning

86.

Susan thinks she does worse on tests that are administered on Fridays, when in reality her test scores are not influenced by the day of the week. This situation is an example of an:

a)

sublimation

b)

illusory correlation

c)

projection

d)

hindsight bias

87.

Before school, you watch a show about rabbits. Later, in Psych class, you view this image and easily identify it as a rabbit instead of a duck. What explains this phenomenon?

a)

habituation

b)

priming

c)

discrimination

d)

conditioned response

88.
This part of the nervous system regulates involuntary actions such as heart function, blood pressure, breathing, digestion.
a)
Autonomic Nervous System
b)
Sensory Nervous System
c)
Motor Nervous System
d)
Peripheral Nervous System
89.
What is the central nervous system (CNS) made of?
a)
brain and spinal cord
b)
brain and cranial nerves
c)
spinal cord and spinal nerves
d)
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
90.
This part of the nervous system regulates involuntary actions such as heart function, blood pressure, breathing, digestion.
a)
Autonomic Nervous System
b)
Sensory Nervous System
c)
Motor Nervous System
d)
Peripheral Nervous System
91.
This is a picture of the 
a)
peripheral nervous sysyem
b)
central nervous system
c)
respiratory system
d)
circulatory system
92.
The "fight or flight" response during threatening situations in the role of the:
a)
sympathetic nervous system
b)
parasympathetic system
c)
somatic nervous system
d)
cerebellum
93.
The _____part of the autonomic nervous system is active during resting.
a)
sympathetic
b)
parasympathetic
c)
somatic
d)
peripheral
94.

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

a)

central and peripheral

b)

parasympathetic and sympathetic

c)

brain and spinal cord

d)

nerves and ganglia

95.

Imagine this! Clio and Zoe are at a social gathering, and Clio is a staunch vegetarian due to her firm belief in animal rights. But, oh no! She finds herself unknowingly biting into a juicy steak that Ansh had offered her. She feels a wave of discomfort and guilt wash over her as she realizes she's acting against her own beliefs. Can you guess which psychological theory this scenario illustrates?

a)

Mere Exposure Effect

b)

Central Route of Persuasion

c)

Norms of Reciprocity

d)

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

e)

Foot in the door Phenomenon

96.

Imagine this! Zoe is a charismatic salesperson at a local bakery. She cleverly asks Jennifer to try a free taste of a new pastry. Once Jennifer accepts, Zoe smoothly transitions into suggesting she purchase the full-sized pastry. This savvy strategy is based on which intriguing psychological phenomenon?

a)

stereotype

b)

Prejudice

c)

Norms of Reciprocity

d)

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

e)

Foot in the door Phenomenon

97.

Imagine you're in a buzzing company meeting at TechCorp, where everyone including Laith, Zoe, Ansh, Allijah, and Annie are excitedly discussing a brand new project. Can you guess what the group polarization effect might trigger in this scenario?

a)

The team, including Laith and Zoe, turning into a house divided over the project.

b)

The team's opinion on the project, especially Ansh and Allijah, becoming supercharged after chatting with colleagues who think alike.

c)

The team's viewpoints on the project, particularly Annie's, becoming extreme when they face opposition.

d)

Everyone, including Laith and Zoe, nodding along with the team's decision on the project just to keep the peace.

98.

Imagine you're at a school reunion and you meet Stewart. Stewart is convinced that people always get what they deserve in life, and if they're going through a tough time, it's because they've done something to earn it. Jennifer, Ansh, Allijah, and Sania are listening to Stewart's theory. Can you guess which psychological phenomenon Stewart's belief is an example of?

a)

Social Facilitation

b)

Just-World Phenomenon

c)

Scapegoat theory

d)

ingroup bias

99.

At first Jimmy did not like his teacher, but after sitting in this teacher's class for a number of weeks Jimmy as started to like his teacher. this new perspective would be an example of:

a)

Diffusion of responsibility

b)

Mere-exposure effect

c)

Ethnocentrism

d)

In-group bias

100.
Which of the following is the best definition of conformity?
a)
A change in behaviour or belief toward a group as a result of real or imagined group pressure
b)
A change in behaviour or belief as a result of direct pressure from a person in authority.
c)
Change in behaviour or belief as a result of indirect pressure from a person in authority.
d)
A change in behaviour or belief as a result of a direct request by someone with no authority.