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WorksheetsYan Su 261 Exam
Total questions: 54
Worksheet time: 31mins
A systematic process of investigating problems to gain knowledge about improving care that nurses provide.
Nursing research
Empirical date
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
A reader of nursing research whose objective is applying findings to nursing practice or using the findings to conduct further research.
Nursing research
Research consumer
Research team
Qualitative research
What is the difference between Evidence Based Practice and Quality Improvement?
EBP applies strategies to improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes; QI integrates research evidence into clinical decision making
QI applies strategies to improve healthcare processes and patient outcomes; EBP integrates research evidence into clinical decision making
Neither
What is the difference between qualitative research and quantitative research? (select the correct definition for each)
Quantitative research: An approach for generating knowledge based on determining how much of a given behavior, characteristic, or phenomenon is present
Qualitative: An approach for generating knowledge using methods of inquiry that emphasize subjectivity and the meaning of an experience for the individual
Quantitative research: An approach for generating knowledge using methods of inquiry that emphasize subjectivity and the meaning of an experience for the individual
Qualitative: An approach for generating knowledge based on determining how much of a given behavior, characteristic, or phenomenon is present
Which of these tools are for qualitative research?
experiments, questionnaires, and surveys
Participant observation, in-depth interviews, and case studies
Which of these tools are for quantitative research?
experiments, questionnaires, and surveys
participant observation, in-depth interviews, and case studies
What is primary literature?
Literature written by the person who developed the theory of conducted the research
Literature that is a brief description of a study, written by a person other than the original researcher
What is secondary literature?
Literature written by the person who developed the theory or conducted the research
Literature that is a brief description of a study, written by a person other than the original researcher
How should you know if a problem should be studied? In other words, what are the characteristics of a good quality problem statement?
Has to be researchable
Has to be feasible
Has to be significant
Had to be valid
Has to be qualitative
What are the characteristics of a good quality purpose statement?
Must contain what the researcher intends to do
Must contain why they are conducting the research
Must contain information about the setting (where the researcher plans to collect the data)
Must contain information about the subjects
Statement that provides direction for the research design and is typically stated at the beginning a research report or journal article
purpose statement
literature review
operational definition
problem statement
Statement the describes why the study was conducted
problem statement
purpose statement
theoretical literature
scientific literature
What are the four components of Metaparadigm?
Person
Socioeconomics
Environment
Health
Nursing
Primary phenomena that are of interest to a particular discipline
Middle range theories
Theories
Grand theories
Metaparadigm
Theory that is broad and complex in scope. Explain broad ideas and and include numerous concepts that are not well defined and have unclear relationships.
Grand theories
Middle range theories
Practice theories
None of the above
Theories that look at a piece of reality and contain clearly defined variables in which the nature and direction of relationships are specified
Grand theories
Middle range theories
Practice theories
None of the above
Theory that is the most specific and produce specific directions of guidelines for practice. (They can cover an element of a specialty such as oncology nursing, operating room nursing, etc.)
Grand theories
Middle range theories
Practice theories
None of the above
What is inductive reasoning? (two answers)
Collecting observations that lead to conclusions or hypotheses. This approach moves from specific observations to general statements
laws > theories > concepts > facts > observations
Approach to reasoning that generates theory by beginning with known facts, moving from general to the specific
observations > facts > concepts > theories > laws
Approach to reasoning that generates theory by beginning with known facts, moving from the general to the specific. (inductive/deductive)
(a)
What are the 3 components of EBP?
Use of disciplinary expertise
Problem solving approach that considers clinical experience
Combines research evidence, knowledge, and theory
Allows patient values to be heard
emphasizes the subjectivity and the meaning of experience for the individual
Questions focusing on specific knowledge to inform clinical decisions or actions. (Clinicians use PICOT format for these questions)
Background questions
Foreground questions
Gray literature questions
Clinical key questions
Identify the 'P' (population) in 'PICO' for the following statement, "Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia, who undergo acupuncture vs pharmacological remedies experience less chronic pain?"
'who undergo acupuncture vs.
'Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia'
'pharmacological remedies'
'experience less chronic pain'
Identify the 'I' (intervention) in 'PICO' for the following statement, "Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia, who undergo acupuncture vs pharmacological remedies experience less chronic pain?"
'Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia'
'experience less chronic pain?'
'pharmacological remedies'
'who undergo acupuncture vs'
Identify the 'C' (comparison) in 'PICO' for the following statement, "Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia, who undergo acupuncture vs pharmacological remedies experience less chronic pain?"
'who undergo acupuncture vs.'
'pharmacological remedies'
'Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia'
'experience less chronic pain?'
Identify the 'O' (outcome) in 'PICO' for the following statement, "Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia, who undergo acupuncture vs pharmacological remedies experience less chronic pain?"
'Do adult female patients with fibromyalgia'
'who undergo acupuncture vs.'
'pharmacological remedies'
'experience less chronic pain?'
When was the Nuremburg Code developed?
1949
1967
1944
1985
Why was the Nuremburg Code conducted?
To protect human participants protect basic principles of ethical behavior
To ensure that participants of a study don't have a say in the study
To protect the researchers who are conducting the study
To ensure that the names of the researchers are cited in the scientific article
What are three components of the Belmont Report
Respect for Persons
Acceptance
Justice
Beneficence
Maleficence
Information (Sufficient info to make an informed decision)
Comprehension (Simple, understandable language)
Voluntarism (Invited to participate/participation is voluntary)
Informed consent
Nuremburg code
Belmont Report
Declaration of Helsinki
T/F: the IRB is an institutional group that ensures that researchers are engaging in unethical behavior and are conducting poorly designed research studies.
True
False
What are the types of IRB
Exempt from review
Expedited review (Minimal risk to subjects)
Maleficence intended
Full institutional review
Vulnerable research groups are...
(a)
A variable that is introduced by the researcher that determines the effect it has on another variable. (predictor)
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Extraneous variable
Research question
Variable that is observed for change or reaction after treatment is applied
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Extraneous variable
Predictor variable
A study that examines data collected in the past
Retrospective research
Prospective research
Cross-sectional research
Longitudinal research
A study the examines data collected in the present
Retrospective research
Prospective research
Cross-sectional research
longitudinal research
A study that collects data at a particular point in time and does not require follow-up
Retrospective research
Prospective research
Cross-sectional research
Longitudinal research
This design manipulates the independent variable and the outcome is predicted by theory and research. This design does not choose a random group, it focuses on a specific group of people.
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Experimental Designs
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT's)
What is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)?
A study that uses multiple samples of groups and follows them over time and collects data over an extended amount of time.
A study that focuses on one specific group and focuses on the cause and effect of the study.
An overall plan that outlines aspects of a sample collection based on specific questions
None of the above
No relationship exists between two variables
Null hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis
Directional hypothesis
Nondirectional hypothesis
States that a relationship or difference exists between variables
Null hypothesis
Research (alternative) hypothesis
Directional hypothesis
Nondirectional hypothesis
States the relationship between variables but has no specific direction
Nondirectional
Directional
States the direction of the relationship between variables
Nondirectional
Directional
Hypothesis that states relationship between two variables
Null
Alternative
Simple
Complex
Hypothesis that states the relationship between two or more variables
Null
Alternative
Simple
Complex
What are the levels of measurement?
Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval
operational
Level of measurement that specifies the order of items, without specifying how far apart they are
Interval
Ordinal
Ratio
Nominal
The lowest level of measurement, numbers classify subjects or objects into two or more categories
Ordinal
Nominal
Ratio
Inteval
Level contains characteristics of nominal and ordinal; in addition to having equal interval size based on actual unit of measurement. (lbs., degrees F, degrees C)
Ordinal
Nominal
Interval
Ratio
The most sophisticated level of measurement. Contain an absolute ZERO point
Interval
Ratio
Ordinal
Nominal
Consistency with which an instrument or test measures whatever it is supposed to measure
Reliability
Validity
What are the types of reliability tests?
test-retest
Internal consistency
Interrater (Raters evaluate situation)
Content validity
Accuracy with which an instrument or test measures what it is supposed to measure.
Reliability
Validity
What are the types of validity
Content
Interrater
Criterion-related
Construct
