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Water Resources draft

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 1hrs 16mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The availability of water resources varies over space and time, mainly due to the variations in.............

a)

regional and annual precipitation

b)

Industries

c)

seasonal and annual precipitation

d)

none

2.

Water scarcity in most cases is caused by over-exploitation, excessive use and unequal access to water among different social groups.

a)

True

b)

False

3.

Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing ........... and consequent greater demands for water, and unequal access to it.

a)

trees

b)

animals

c)

population

d)

none

4.

Dams are built for.......

a)

irrigation

b)

electricity generation

c)

water supply for domestic and industrial uses

d)

flood control

e)

All of these

5.
What percentage of water on Earth is SALT WATER?
a)
97.5%
b)
2.5%
6.
Water on the top the earth can form lakes or rivers, these are termed ____.
a)
fresh water
b)
infiltration
c)
surface water
d)
groundwater
7.

What are Inundation Channels?

a)

Transferring rainwater to underground wells

b)

Canals from large rivers

c)

The diversion channels built-in hilly areas to store water for irrigation

d)

None of these

8.

In what ways industrialization leads to water scarcity

a)

Overuse of water for manufacturing processes

b)

Mixing of industrial waste-water in freshwater

c)

Ownership of Water sources

d)

All of these

9.

The methods of storing the rainwater in various storage structures are known as

a)

Rainwater Harvesting

b)

Water Storage

c)

Water Scarcity

d)

None of these

10.

Overuse of water for irrigation may lead to

a)

Lowering of Groundwater Level

b)

Increasing food production

c)

The rapid development of Industries

d)

None of these

11.
When water changes form from a LIQUID to a GAS?
a)
Condensation
b)
Evaporation
c)
Precipitation
12.
A lack of water in an area is called ____.
a)
water scarcity
b)
water footprint
13.
What is the driving force of the water cycle?
a)
evaporation from the ocean
b)
heat from the sun
c)
precipitation from rainfall
d)
runoff from mountains
14.
The amount of water on average used by individuals, based on domestic is and agricultural or industrial consumption is termed ____.
a)
transpiration
b)
fresh water
c)
water scarcity
d)
water footprint
15.

Water scarcity that is the result of inadequate natural water resources to supply a region's demand

a)

economic water scarcity

b)

physical water scarcity

c)

water stress

d)

United Nations

16.

Water scarcity that is is a result of poor management of the sufficient available water.

a)

economic water scarcity

b)

physical water scarcity

c)

arable land

d)

IGO

17.
Desalination is
a)
removing salt from water
b)
removing oil from water
c)
removing toxic chemicals from water
d)
adding salt to water
18.

Water is a what type of resource?

a)

renewable resource

b)

non-renewable resource

c)

continuous resource

19.

Water scarcity occurs due to:-

(i) low rainfall in a region

(ii) large population

(iii) over-exploitation

(iv) unequal access

a)

(i) and (ii)

b)

(ii) and (iii)

c)

(i) and (iv)

d)

All of the above

20.
Water that collects in spaces and cracks in rocks and soil underground.
a)
well
b)
aquifer
c)
groundwater
d)
irrigation
21.

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which humans directly can change water resources?

a)

Irrigation (diverting water away from original water source to farm lands)

b)

Building dams

c)

Droughts

d)

Pollution

22.

A _______ is a human made resource used to store freshwater

a)

bay

b)

lake

c)

reservoir

d)

ocean

23.

Which one is not a way water travels through the water cycle?

a)

Precip, runoff, evaporate, condensate

b)

runoff, evaporation, condensation, precipitation

c)

Condensation, evaporation, runoff, Precipitation

d)

Transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration

24.

What is a watershed?

a)

Water in an area

b)

Land that water flows over and through

c)

Water that flows into a river or stream

d)

Water that is salty

25.

What is the relationship between groundwater and surface water?

a)

Surface water is found in lakes directly above underground water sources.

b)

There is no relationship between surface and groundwater; they form independently.

c)

Groundwater filters through the soil to form surface water.

d)

Surface water percolates through the soil to form groundwater.

26.

These are bodies of flowing surface water driven by gravity.

a)

lakes

b)

rivers

c)

ground water

d)

ocean

27.

Uses of water that temporarily or permanently remove water from its source, if not returned, it is called consumptive use.

a)

Off-stream uses

b)

In-stream uses

28.

The lack of sufficient water to meet the needs of the people in a country or region

a)

Hydrological Poverty

b)

Water Poverty

c)

Hydro-Need

d)

Hydrological Wealth

29.

Freshwater from precipitation that flows across the earth's land surface and into rivers , lakes , wetlands, and ultimately to the oceans

a)

Surface Water

b)

Freshwater Runoff

c)

Saltwater Runoff

d)

Ground Water

30.

Flat valley land next to a stream channel.

a)

Floodplain

b)

Great Plains

c)

Wetlands

d)

Swamps/Marshes

31.

Removing dissolved salts from ocean water or from brackish water in aquifers for domestic use. It is another way to increase supplies of freshwater

a)

Saltwater Transformation

b)

Salt Removal Process (SRP)

c)

De-Saltation

d)

Desalination

32.

prolonged period in which precipitation is at least 70% lower and evaporation is higher than normal in an area that is normally not dry

a)

Monsoon Season

b)

Drought

c)

Dry Spell

d)

Heat Wave

33.

Precipitation that infiltrates the ground and percolates downward through spaces in soil, gravel, and rock until an impenetrable layer of rock stops it

a)

Tap Water

b)

Ground Water

c)

Water Table

d)

Well Water

34.

Underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock through which groundwater flows.

a)

Ground Water

b)

Aquifers

c)

Caves

d)

Tap Water

35.

Contamination of the groundwater with saltwater

a)

Saltwater Intrusion

b)

Saltwater Infiltration

c)

Freshwater Contamination

d)

Groundwater is Saltwater

36.

Spaces in the ground which are completely filled with water.

a)

Zone of Saturation

b)

Zone of Infiltration

c)

Zone of Groundwater

d)

Well Water Zone

37.

Greatest water conservation method used by farmers to water their crops

a)

Drip (Trickle) Irrigation

b)

Crop Flooding

c)

Crop Circles

d)

Manuel Irrigation

38.
When fertilizers enter surface water, they cause problems in 
the watershed by -
a)
increasing the amount of nutrients available to fish in lakes and streams.
b)

clogging narrow streams and preventing water from flowing properly.
c)
raising the water level in nearby rivers to levels leading to flooding.
d)
causing rapid algal growth that decrease oxygen levels and choke aquatic life.
39.
Which would increase the amount of runoff you get?
a)
Vegetation
b)
More plants
c)
Urban Development
40.
Wastes produced by agriculture, households, industry, mining, and other human activities can end up in ______________.
a)
groundwater
b)
streams and rivers
c)
oceans
d)
All of these choices
41.
What is the top of the water-filled spaces  (saturated zone) in the ground called?
a)
Groundwater
b)
Reservoir
c)
Water Table
d)
Well
42.
Sand is ___________, meaning that water can pass through easily.
a)
Permeable
b)
Impermeable
c)
Solid
d)
Soft
43.
Suppose there is a drought in this area. The level of the river drops because of it.
What else could happen here?
a)
The river will immediately rise again.
b)
The water table will rise. 
c)
The water table will fall. 
d)
A new aquifer will form.
44.
What is an area of higher elevation that separates watersheds?
a)
Estuary
b)
Divide
c)
Wetland
d)
Transition zones
45.
What is the water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers called?
a)
Groundwater
b)
Water Table
c)
Precipitation
d)
Snow
46.
The top of the groundwater’s zone of saturation - E
a)
Zone of Aeration
b)
Aquifer
c)
Surface water
d)
Water table
47.

In the diagram, letter A best represents:

a)

Runoff

b)

Watershed

c)

Water Table

d)

Confining Layer

48.

In the diagram, letter B best represents:

a)

Unconfined Aquifer

b)

Confining Layer

c)

Confined Aquifer

d)

Recharge Zone

49.

In the diagram, letter C best represents:

a)

Unconfined Aquifer

b)

Confining Layer

c)

Confined Aquifer

d)

Recharge Zone

50.

In the diagram, letter D best represents:

a)

Unconfined Aquifer

b)

Confining Layer

c)

Confined Aquifer

d)

Recharge Zone

51.

In the diagram, letter E best represents:

a)

A well

b)

A factory that's contaminating the aquifers

c)

A Watershed

d)

A pump that recharges the aquifer

52.

During the process of infiltration, water seeps through the ground and into an aquifer. Which of the following terms best describes this process?

a)

Recharge

b)

Discharge

c)

Depletion

d)

Surcharge

53.

Which of the layers is composed of impermeable material?

a)

Layer B: the unconfined aquifer

b)

Layer C: the unconfined aquifer

c)

Layer C: the confining layer

d)

Layer D: the unconfined aquifer

54.

When it rains, water infiltrates through the ground. What type of aquifer will this recharge?

a)

An unconfined aquifer: it is not surrounded by impermeable material

b)

An unconfined aquifer: it is surrounded by impermeable material

c)

A confined aquifer: it is surrounded by impermeable material

d)

Both an unconfined and a confined aquifer: both aquifers are collections of water

55.

_______________ is the ability of a substance to allow another substance to pass through it, especially the ability of a porous rock, sediment, or soil to transmit fluid through pores and cracks.

a)

Permeability

b)

Runoff

c)

Pores

d)

Porosity

56.
An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water?
a)
Reservoir
b)
Aquifer
c)
Groundwater
d)
Watershed
57.
The name of the area that is the upper level of the zone of saturation:
a)
Zone of Saturation
b)
Zone of Aeration
c)
Water Table
58.
Plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called:
a)
evaporation
b)
transpiration
c)
infiltration
d)
precipitation
59.
Porosity refers to...
a)
the shape of the particles
b)
The sorting of the particles
c)
% of pore space in a material
d)
% of cement in a material
60.
A sponge has high porosity.  A rock can have it too.  Porosity is...
a)
the inability to hold water
b)
the ability to hold water
c)
allowing water to pass through
61.
The ___________________ the grain size, the faster the water will move through the soil.
a)
more mixed
b)
smaller
c)
larger
62.

What are the 2 major issues with aquifers?

a)

contamination, evaporation

b)

condensation, evaporation

c)

overuse, evaporation

d)

overuse, contamination

63.

Which 2 words are the BEST choice in discussion of how water gets into an aquifer?

a)

transpiration, evaporation

b)

recharge, infiltration

c)

deposition, sublimation

d)

run off, condensation

64.

This aquifer is bounded above and below by impermeable layers of rock.

a)

unconfined aquifer

b)

confined aquifer

c)

well

d)

aquitard

65.

What is a measure of how well a material absorbs water? There are multiple answers.

a)

permeability

b)

occlusion

c)

porosity

d)

exclusion

66.

True or false? A confined aquifer is sandwiched between two aquitards.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

What is the best definition of aquifer?

a)

empty space

b)

a space below the water table

c)

a measure of how well a material absorbs water

d)

an underground layer of permeable (that is, water-bearing) rock

68.

What describes an artesian well? There are multiple answers.

a)

a polluted well

b)

a well that is drilled into a confined aquifer

c)

a well that is drilled into an unconfined aquifer

d)

Because of pressure, water just rises up in this type of well.

69.

This type of rock is formed from the deposition, or collection, of fragments such as clay, sand, or gravel.

a)

igneous rock

b)

sedimentary rock

c)

metamorphic rock

70.

In this underground structure, all spaces are filled with water.

a)

zone of saturation

b)

zone of aeration

71.

This zone is above the water table. Pore spaces among soil particles and rock formations are filled with air instead of water.

a)

zone of saturation

b)

zone of aeration

72.

Select all of the examples of sedimentary rock. There are multiple answers!

a)

sandstone

b)

marble

c)

granite

d)

siltstone

e)

shale

73.

What is an aquifer?

a)

a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.

b)

a well in which water is under pressure especially : one in which the water flows to the surface naturally.

c)

confining layer

d)

solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium.

74.

What is an artesian well?

a)

an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water with layers of impermeable material are both above and below.

b)

a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.

c)

a well in which water is under pressure especially : one in which the water flows to the surface naturally

d)

solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium.

75.

What is an confined aquifer?

a)

a well in which water is under pressure especially : one in which the water flows to the surface naturally.

b)

solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium.

c)

an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water with layers of impermeable material are both above and below.

d)

water that collects on the surface of the ground.

76.

What is bedrock

a)

solid rock underlying loose deposits such as soil or alluvium.

b)

a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.

c)

aquifer that is below the land surface that is saturated with water with layers of impermeable material are both above and below the aquifer.

d)

water that collects on the surface of the ground.

77.

what is a confining layer

a)

gravel

b)

sand

c)

A layer or bed of impermeable or distinctly less permeable material lying below or above one or more aquifers.

d)

a layer into which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer.

78.

unconfined aquifer

a)

a large natural stream of water flowing in a channel to the sea, a lake, or another such stream.

b)

an aquifers into which water seeps from the ground surface directly above the aquifer.

c)

aquifers with which an impermeable dirt/rock layer exists that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface located directly above.

d)

a large body of water surrounded by land.

79.

Which of the following most significantly determines a community's access to potable water?

a)

access to clean raw water sources

b)

the availability of money

c)

local drought conditions

d)

the level of industrial development

80.
When fertilizers enter surface water, they cause problems in 
the watershed by -
a)
increasing the amount of nutrients available to fish in lakes and streams.
b)

clogging narrow streams and preventing water from flowing properly.
c)
raising the water level in nearby rivers to levels leading to flooding.
d)
causing rapid algal growth that decrease oxygen levels and choke aquatic life.
81.

Pollution traced to a single point

a)

water shed

b)

permeable

c)

point source pollution

d)

non-point source pollution

82.

Pollution that cannot be traced to a single point because comes from many sources

a)

estuary

b)

water shed

c)

non point source pollution

d)

point source pollution

83.

What is salt water intrusion?

a)

Contamination of well and drinking water

b)

Movement of saline water into a freshwater aquifer

c)

When salt water is not evenly distributed into groundwater

d)

When salt water restricts the flow of freshwater

84.

The greatest use of fresh water is for:

a)

industry

b)

irrigation

c)

small businesses

d)

homes

e)

mining

85.

Dams may be installed in rivers:

a)

to generate electricity

b)

to control floods

c)

to provide a water supply to industries and municipalities

d)

all of these

e)

none of these

86.
Withdrawing too much water from an aquifer can cause all of the following except
a)
freshwater contaminated with saltwater
b)
land subsidence
c)
sinkholes
d)
drought
87.

Where do we typically see saltwater intrusions into freshwater aquifers?

a)

On the great plains

b)

In the mountainous regions

c)

In coastal areas

d)

Along rivers

88.

This is due to the warming of the sea and melting of glaciers and is slowly becoming permanent.

a)

Crustal Movement

b)

Abrasion

c)

Sea Level Rise

d)

Corrasion

89.

Which of the following is not an impact of dams?

a)

Greater flooding below the dam

b)

Impeded breeding in anadromous fishes

c)

Reduced sediment flow downstream

d)

Lowered dissolved oxygen in the water downstream

90.
pollutants entering waterways from a general area, such as runoff from farmland or suburban communities
a)
Pollution
b)
Point Source Pollution
c)
Non-point Source Pollution
d)
Turbidity
91.
A factory is located next to a river.  The factory has a sewage pipe running straight out of the factory and into the river.  This is an example of ________________________.
a)
point source pollution
b)
non-point pollution
c)
tertiary receiving stream
d)
primary treatment
92.
What are two things that water treatment plants need to do?
a)
Clean and disinfect the water
b)
Boil and evaporate the water
c)
Remove the animals and plants
d)
Add chemicals and remove pesticides

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