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Coasts

Total questions: 96

Worksheet time: 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How could a constructive wave be described?

a)

Powerful swash

b)

Powerful backwash

c)

Steep waves

d)

Destroy beaches

2.

The distance the wind blows across water is known as what?

(a)  

3.

The 'sandpapering' effect of pebbles grinding over surfaces is known as what?

a)

Corrasion

b)

Abrasion

c)

Attrition

d)

Freeze-thaw action

4.

Which of these terms means the 'bouncing' of particles too heavy to be suspended?

a)

Solution

b)

Suspension

c)

Saltation

d)

Traction

5.

The movement of sediment along a beach in a characteristic 'zigzag' pattern is known as what?

a)

Coastal erosion

b)

Longshore Drift

c)

Saltmarsh

d)

Mudflat

6.

True or False - a headland is eroded from less resistant rock?

a)

True

b)

False

7.

A stack is a landform of coastal erosion. What landform is created when a stack is eroded?

a)

Cave

b)

Arch

c)

Stump

d)

Secondary Stack

8.

Which of the following are examples of hard engineering coastal management?

a)

Sea wall

b)

Groynes

c)

Beach nourishment

d)

Rock armour

9.

Longshore drift is a process of

a)

Erosion

b)

Transportation

c)

Deposition

10.

A constructive wave has a

a)

Strong swash

b)

Weak swash

c)

Strong backwash

d)

weak backwash

11.

A headland is made from

a)

Hard rock that is more resistant to erosion

b)

Soft rock that is less resistant to erosion

12.

A destructive wave has

a)

A strong swash

b)

Weak swash

c)

Strong backwash

d)

Weak backwash

13.

Material is deposited in

a)

Low energy conditions

b)

High energy conditions

c)

When there is to much material

14.

Deposition will only take place when longshore drift is

(a)  

15.

Destructive waves will deposit material

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Sand dunes are created due to

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Transportation

17.

Hydraulic power is

a)

Rocks banging together to make smaller rocks

b)

Dissolved by acid in the water

c)

Force of the water breaking up the cliff

18.

A spit is formed through the process of

(a)  

19.
What is this landform?
a)
Spit
b)
Sand dune
c)
Stack
d)
Stump
20.
Which is a landform of coastal erosion?
a)
Stack
b)
Spit
c)
Sand Dune
d)
Bar
21.
What is the name for the coastline which has alternating bands of hard and soft rock in the same direction as the coastline?
a)
Discordant
b)
Concordant
22.
What is the first stage in a stack formation?
a)
Arch is formed
b)
Cave is formed
c)
Line of weakness in rock
d)
Stump is formed
23.
I am the type of erosion where sediment scrapes against the headland. What am I?
a)
Attrition
b)
Hydraulic action
c)
Solution
d)
Abrasion
24.
I happen when the waves don't have enough energy to carry sediment
a)
Deposition
b)
Erosion
c)
Swash
d)
Backwash
25.
I am the forward motion of waves
a)
Backwash
b)
Swash
26.
What ecosystem forms behind a spit?
a)
Sand Dune
b)
Salt Marsh
c)
Coral Reef
d)
Mangrove
27.
What is not a condition for sand dunes to form?
a)
Sediment Supply
b)
Strong wind
c)
An obstacle
d)
No tide
28.

Which are types of erosion?

a)

Suspension

b)

Solution

c)

Abrasion

d)

Saltation

29.
Erosion means 'the wearing away of rock'.
a)
True
b)
False
30.

Headlands and bays are created because of...

a)

layers of different rock types

b)

it's always been like that

c)

tides

d)

destructive waves

31.

What is meant by transportation?

a)

The wearing away of the landscape

b)

When eroded rock is moved to another place by the sea

c)

When transported material is dropped by the sea

d)

The breaking down of rock

32.

Which erosional features can you see in this photo?

a)

Arch

b)

Stack

c)

Stump

d)

Cave

33.

Which type of transportation is when 'large material like boulders are pushed and rolled along'

a)

Suspension

b)

Solution

c)

Saltation

d)

Traction

34.

Which of these are depositional features?

a)

Spits

b)

Bars

c)

Stacks

d)

Caves

35.
What is this landform?
a)
Arch
b)
Cave
c)
Headland
d)
Wave-cut Platform
36.
Which erodes quicker?
a)
Hard rock
b)
Soft rock
37.
Social Impacts are...
a)
impacts affecting people and communitites
b)
impacts affecting soccer
c)
impacts affecting animals
d)
impacts affecting work
38.
Economic impacts are...
a)
impacts that affect nature
b)
impacts that affect echoes
c)
impacts that affect money, jobs and businesses
d)
impacts that affect people
39.
Environmental impacts are...
a)
impacts that affect people
b)
impacts that affect engines
c)
impacts that affect money
d)
impacts that affect nature
40.
How many ways can erosion happen?
a)
2
b)
4
c)
6
d)
3
41.

What coastal protection strategy is shown in the image?

a)

Groynes

b)

Sea Wall

c)

Revetments

d)

Beach Nourishment

42.
Waves are created by wind 
a)
True 
b)
False 
43.
I happen when the waves don't have enough energy to carry sediment
a)
Deposition
b)
Erosion
c)
Swash
d)
Backwash
44.

Which of the following are formed dude to erosion?

a)

Beach

b)

Cliff

c)

Sea Stack

d)

Wave-Cut Platform

45.

Human activity has the power to increase or decrease the rate of erosion on coastlines.

a)

True

b)

False

46.
The type of erosion that occurs when pebbles bang together
a)
Abrasion
b)
Attrition
c)
Hydraulic action
d)
Solution
47.

Name this landform

(a)  

48.

Constructive waves are found on ______ coasts.

a)

steep

b)

gentle

49.

Which of the following are hard engineering coastal management strategies? Tick all that apply.

a)

Rock armour

b)

Beach nourishment

c)

Groynes

d)

Sea wall

e)

Dune regeneration

50.

"The movement of eroded material" is which process?

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Transportation

d)

Weathering

51.

Which of the following distinctive landforms are formed primarily due to the process of deposition?

a)

Headlands

b)

Beaches

c)

Spits

d)

Bars

52.

Beaches - Which statements are correct?

a)

Beaches are accumulations of sand and shingle formed by deposition.

b)

Sandy beaches can support steeper slopes than shingle beaches.

c)

Shingle beaches can support steeper slopes than sandy beaches.

d)

Beaches are accumulations of sand and shingle formed by erosion.

53.

The most accurate description of a spit:

a)

An accumulation of sand and/or shingle formed by deposition.

b)

A cliff that juts out in the sea; it is surrounded by water on three sides.

c)

A narrow ridge of sand and/or shingle that is attached to the mainland at one end.

d)

A narrow ridge of sand and/or shingle stretching between two headlands, with a lagoon on the landward side.

54.

Longshore drift

Choose the statements which apply most appropriately to this process.

a)

This is the process of erosion which moves sand and pebbles along the coast.

b)

Material is moved along the coast in a zigzag way.

c)

The backwash moves sediment straight back down the beach due to gravity.

d)

Prevailing winds bring waves in at an angle to the coast.

55.

Why are constructive waves responsible for building up beaches?

a)

Shingle beaches can support steeper slopes.

b)

The backwash is stronger than the swash.

c)

The swash is stronger than the backwash.

56.

Typical features on or close to a spit:

a)

Sand dunes

b)

Curved end

c)

Salt marshes

d)

Wave cut notch

57.

Conditions required for a spit to form:

a)

Material is transported along the coast by longshore drift.

b)

When wave crests arrive parallel to the coastline.

c)

There is a bend in the coastline or a river mouth occurs.

d)

A plentiful supply of sediment.

58.

Possible reasons for a curved spit:

a)

Wave refraction causes waves to bend and push sediment inland.

b)

The area behind the spit is sheltered leading to the deposition of silt and mud.

c)

Short-term change in the direction of the wind and waves.

59.

Which landform fits the following description?

A ridge of sand and/or shingle, which has joined two headlands cutting off a bay.

a)

Beach

b)

Spit

c)

Bar

d)

Lagoon

60.

The prevailing wind direction is...

a)

the direction the strongest wind blows to

b)

the direction the strongest wind blows from

c)

the most common direction the wind blows from

d)

the most common direction the wind blows to

61.

Headlands and bays are most likely to be formed along which type of coast?

a)

Discordant coasts

b)

Coasts with impermeable rock

c)

Concordant coasts

d)

Coast with permeable rock

62.

How do groynes work to protect the coastline?

a)

They trap sediment by slowing down longshore drift, thereby building up a wide beach

b)

They absorb wave energy so that the cliffs behind are protected

c)

They act as a hard rock barrier at foot of cliff to provide a buffer again the sea

d)

They allow rapid longshore drift along the coastline

63.

If the photo is facing south, which direction is longshore drift working in?

a)

west to east

b)

east to west

c)

south to north

d)

north to south

64.

What is the main disadvantage of using groynes?

a)

They can starve other beaches of sediment

b)

Look ugly and unnatural

c)

Expensive

65.

Which two coastal management structures can you see

a)

Sea wall and gabions

b)

Groyne and rock armour

c)

Gabions and groynes

d)

Sea wall and rock armour

66.

A recurved sea wall is effective because it...

a)

Is not particularly expensive

b)

Stops erosion of the coastline

c)

Deflects wave energy back out to sea

67.

What are gabions?

a)

A type of sea wall

b)

Barriers at right angles to the beach

c)

Boulders

d)

Steel mesh cages filled with rocks

68.

Why are hard engineering approaches less commonly used now? (Choose 2)

a)

They are cheaper and don't last for long

b)

They are expensive and involve high maintenance costs

c)

They can cause accelerated erosion rates further down the coastline and look unnatural

d)

Most coastal areas do not have valuable land and property to protect

69.
Which one of the following is a soft engineering technique?
a)
Groynes
b)
Dune stabilisation
c)
Rip rap
d)
Revetments
70.

Which of these is NOT a soft engineering strategy?

a)

Beach nourishment

b)

Beach reprofiling

c)

Sand dune regeneration

d)

Gabions

71.
What type of areas are typically subjected to the management technique of managed retreat?
a)
Low value areas e.g. farmland
b)
Low lying areas
c)
Housing estates
d)
High value retail areas
72.

Beach nourishment is .... (choose 2)

a)

when and or shingle is moved from the front to back of the beach by bulldozers

b)

When marram grass is planted to stabilise the beach

c)

A more sustainable form of protecting the coastline

d)

when and sand or shingle is dredged offshore and dumped onto beaches

73.

Managed retreat is a deliberate policy of allowing the sea to _________ or erode an area of low value land

a)

flood

b)

deposit

c)

transport

d)

protect

74.

The main advantages of managed retreat is that it is more sustainable, cheaper in the long term and can create new wildlife habitats

a)

True

b)

False

75.
Is there any cost associated with managed retreat?
a)
No - no techniques are put in place
b)
Yes - techniques are put in place
c)
No - this is a soft engineering method
d)
Yes - compensation has to be offered
76.

Name the coastal management technique.

a)

Sea wall

b)

Gabions

c)

Revetments

d)

Riprap

77.

This picture shows beach nourishment. What type of coastal management strategy is this?

a)

Soft engineering

b)

Hard engineering

78.

Which of the following is an advantage of an offshore reef or breakwater, like the one in the photo?

a)

Very expensive to build and maintain

b)

Unattractive

c)

Has impacts on the energy environment of the coastline and so impacts erosion and deposition

d)

Can be used for leisure activities such as fishing

79.

Which of these is NOT a soft engineering strategy?

a)

Beach nourishment

b)

Beach reprofiling

c)

Sand dune regeneration

d)

Gabions

80.
Which one of the following is a soft engineering technique?
a)
Groynes
b)
Dune stabilisation
c)
Rip rap
d)
Revetments
81.

Why are hard engineering approaches less commonly used now? (Choose 2)

a)

They are cheaper and don't last for long

b)

They are expensive and involve high maintenance costs

c)

They can cause accelerated erosion rates further down the coastline and look unnatural

d)

Most coastal areas do not have valuable land and property to protect

82.

The main advantages of managed retreat is that it is more sustainable, cheaper in the long term and can create new wildlife habitats

a)

True

b)

False

83.

Name the coastal management technique.

a)

Sea wall

b)

Gabions

c)

Revetments

d)

Riprap

84.

Why are seawalls often concave?

a)

To direct waves upwards

b)

To reflect the waves back into the sea

c)

To act as a slide for tourists

85.

Hard or soft engineering?

a)

Soft Engineering

b)

Hard Engineering

86.

What often involves building artificial structures which try to control natural processes?

a)

Hard Engineering

b)

Soft Engineering

87.

What often involves building artificial structures which try to control natural processes?

a)

Hard Engineering

b)

Soft Engineering

88.

A tombolo is formed when a spit connects the mainland coast to what?

a)

Headland

b)

Bay

c)

Jetty

d)

Island

89.

Which factors increase coastal erosion

a)

Strong geology/low wave energy

b)

High wave energy/ dense populations

c)

Weak geology/high wave energy

d)

Sparse populations/Strong geology

90.

Coastal Management is ...

a)

Varieties of engineering strategies designed to manage coastal erosion

b)

Varieties of engineering strategies designed to manage coastal deposition

c)

Engineering strategies designed to control the coastline

d)

Engineering strategies designed to control people

91.

What are the problems associated with Hard Engineering?

a)

Makes permanent changes to the environment

b)

Often effective in its application

c)

Protects a coast against wave energy

d)

Can often reduce the aesthetic appearance (more ugly) of a location

92.

What are the problems associated with Soft Engineering?

a)

Expensive and labour intensive

b)

Increases the utility of the coastline

c)

Beach Nourishment can be disruptive of wildlife

93.

Identify the Coastal Management Strategy

a)

Offshore Breakwater

b)

Sea Wall

c)

Groyne

d)

Rock Armour

94.

Identify the coastal management strategy

a)

Revetment

b)

Groynes

c)

Beach Nourishment

d)

Dune stablisation

95.

Identify the coastal management strategy

a)

Offshore Reefs

b)

Dune Stabilisation

c)

Rock Armour

d)

Sea Wall

96.

Planting vegetation is central to this form of coastal management strategy. What is it?

a)

Revetment

b)

Cliff Drainage

c)

Rip Rap

d)

Dune stablisation

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