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WorksheetsRespiratory System Part 1 A&P
Total questions: 51
Worksheet time: 30mins
Inspiration v Expiration
Air into lungs v air goes out lungs
Air goes out lungs v air into lungs
Neither is correct
With more added volume, the pressure of a system will
Increase
Decrease
Stay the same
Why does air have pressure
Layers of the atmosphere pushing air down
Layers of the Earth pushing air out into space
Layers of an onion, or ogres
Layers of atmosphere pushing air out of the vacuum of space
Sea level pressure is known as 760 mm Hg or 1
(a)
Negative pressure v Positive pressure
More pressure in the lungs compared to the blood v less pressure in the lungs compared to the atmosphere
Less pressure in lungs compared to the atmosphere v more pressure in the lungs compared to the atmosphere
Pressure in the alveoli vs the pressure in the blood
Doing the wrong thing because it's "cool" v having more pressure in lungs compared to the atmosphere
The Diaphragm contracts in what directions?
Expands superior into the brain and heart
Contracts into the sides
Posterior into the ribs and spinal cord
Lower into abdominal cavity
True or False: If a person jumped out of the atmosphere and into space, the pressure would immediately leave the lungs and they would not be able to breathe
True
False
Who controls inspiration and expiration in the respiratory system?
Liver
Lungs
Brain
Steps of Inspiration
The brain sends an action potential to the diaphragm and external intercostals
Volume of the lungs increases as the pressure decreases
Air moves into the lungs
Forced gasping and respiration every moment of the night
Steps of expiration
Action potential is sent from the brain to the lungs, diaphragm, and external intercostals
No action potential
Diaphragm and external intercostals relax
Pressure increases in the lungs and air moves out
Which inward forces promote lung collapse?
Surface tension reduces alveolar size
Too much pressure within the diaphragm
Elastic recoil of lungs decreases the size
Wound to brain
Outward force that tends to enlarge the lungs
Elasticity decrease reduces the lung size
Lung pressure is too great causing the lungs to combust
Elasticity of the chest wall pulls thorax outward
Ppul-Pip=
Positive Pressure
Respiration
Negative Pressure
Transpulmonary Pressure
Boyle's Law
Pressure=volume
Pressure always goes up when volume goes up
Pressure decreases as the atmospheric layers are more present
P1V1=P2V2
True or False: Inspiration is passive
True
False
Air way resistance
Friction major, nonelastic source
Breathing on planes
Increasing the pressure in blood in capillaries v the blood
None are correct
Why is airway resistance usually insignificant?
The branching gets smaller and smaller, the resistance disappears at the terminal bronchioles
Breathing descends into branching that will increase the diameter and size
Breathing is a natural process controlled by the brain, difficulty is only a small factor compared to the pressure
When resistance increases, breathing becomes more strenuous, severe constriction may prevent or stop ventilation, what can be regularly used to treat it?
Surgery
Acetylcholine
HGH
Epinephrine
Alveolar Surface Tension
Water coats alveoli and causes their surface area to expand, they expand to much and hold on to too much CO2
Water coats the inside of the blood vessels and makes the alveoli smaller
Water coats the alveoli and constricts them to small size as well as causing walls of lungs to stick together
True or False: Surfactant reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid
True
False
Lung compliance is the
Lung tension to alveolar sacs and structures
Lung surface tension across alveolar ducts and membranes
Lung elasticity in the blood vessels
Measure of change in lung volume that occurs with given change in transpulmonary pressure
Why is lung compliance usually high?
Distensibility of lung tissue
Surfactant
Scarring
Decreased flexibility of rib cage
What factors can decrease total respiratory compliance?
Deformities of thorax
Distensibility of lung tissue
Ossification of costal cartilage
Paralysis of intercostal muscles
Surfactant
Respiratory volumes
Tidal Volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Residual volume
Total Respiratory volume
Tidal volume v residual volume
Amount of air in and out during quiet breathing v air left over after ERV
Air left over after ERV v air in and out during laborious breathing
Air left in lungs to prevent collapse v air in and out during relaxed breathing
IRV v ERV
Amount of air forcefully expired beyond tidal v amount of air forcefully inspired
Amount of air forcefully inspired beyond tidal v Amount of air forcefully expired beyond tidal
Amount of air left to prevent collapse v air in and out while relaxed
Inspiratory capacity v functional residual capacity v vital capacity
Total air inspired after normal tidal volume v amount of air remaining in lungs normal tidal expiration v total amount of exchangeable air
Total amount of exchangeable air v total air inspired after normal tidal volume v amount of air remaining in the lungs normal tidal expiration
Total air inspired after normal tidal volume v amount of air forcefully expired v total amount of exchangeable air
Anatomical dead space v alveolar dead space
Anatomical gas exchange v non functional alveoli
Collapsed lung alveoli v functional alveoli in nonfunctional areas of the lungs
Cancerous areas of deteriorating lung tissue v dying alveolar tissue
No contribution to gas exchange ~ 150 mL v non-functional alveoli
Total dead space=
(a)
Minute ventilation is the total amount of gas flow in or out of the respiratory tract in 1 minute, what are the normal and exercised amounts?
6 L per min v 200 L per min
7 L per min v 210 L per min
6 L per min v 200 L per hour
AVR=
Frequency x TV-dead space
Frequency x TV
Frequency Breath/hour X ml/Breath
True or False: Rapid shallow breathing increases the AVR
True
False
Which of the following are non-respiratory air movements
Cough
Sneeze
Cry
All of the above
External respiration v internal respiration
Diffusion of gases in the lungs v diffusion of gases at body tissues
Gas going out of the lungs v gas coming into the lungs
Diffusion of gas into the blood v diffusion of gas in the brain
Both internal and external respiration require
Composition of alveolar gas
pH of the air
Physical properties of gases
Warmth of the air
Partial pressure
Only an amount of pressure of air in the blood
Directly proportional to the total pressure of all gases
Pressure exerted in gas in mixture
Henry's Law
P1V1 = P2V2
Total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of gases
Each gas dissolves in total proportion only
Each gas dissolves in proportion to partial pressure
Amount of dissolvable gas is dependent on the
Partial pressure of total gases
pH
Solubility
Temperature
True or False: Nitrogen can dissolve in the blood
True
False
Alveoli contain more CO2 and water vapor than atmospheric air, the partial pressures can be changed by
CO2 in the atmosphere
Quickness of breath
Depth and rate of breathing
High AVR
External Respiration, Pulmonary gas exchange
Thickness of the lungs
Ventilation-perfusion coupling
Amount of blood in the lungs
Partial pressure gradients and gas solubilities
Thickness and surface area of respiratory membrane
Lungs thicken when waterlogged and edematous, what involves reduced surface area?
Tumors in brain
Inflammation in blood
Mucus in capillary next to heart
Emphysema
Respiratory membranes have how many times more surface area than skin
40
60
80
20
Steep partial pressure gradient of O2 in the lungs
drives CO2 into RBC
Drives O2 flow into the lungs
drives O2 flow into blood
True or False: Partial pressure gradient for CO2 is from 45 alveolar to 40 venous
True
False
How many times more soluble is CO2 than O2?
20
40
60
80
Perfusion v Ventilation
Blood flow reaching alveoli
Amount of gas in ravioli
Amount of gas reaching alveoli
Amount of gas in and out of lungs
Perfusion directs most blood to alveolar high regions, while perfusion
Allows for the elimination of O2 in the blood
Reduction of CO2 in brain
Allows for elimination of O2 in lungs
Allows for elimination of CO2
External respiration is affected by
Respiratory membrane thickness and surface area
Respiratory adhesion
Pressure of O2
Respiratory cancer elimination
Ventilation-perfusion coupling
Internal respiration
Capillary carrying blood capacity in body
Capillary gas exchange in body tissues
Capillary gas exchange in blood
True or False: Partial pressures and diffusion gradients are reversed in internal respiration as compared to external respiration
True
False
