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WorksheetsToronto exam (most questions)
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 49mins
During flight in deteriorating VFR conditions there is a strong tendency to:
Accept information consistent with plan and disregard information not consistent with flight plan
Become complacent
Continue on with original plan
Evaluate new information and alter plans
How many infants is an adult allowed to be in charge of?
1
Unlimited
2
As many child safety seats as you have
When flying east or west, VFR, when must you start adding 500 ft to the correct thousand-foot altitude for your direction of travel?
3000 ft. AGL
3500 ft. AGL
2200 ft. AGL
3000 ft. ASL
How much fuel reserve is required on board a commercial helicopter operating under NIGHT VFR conditions?
30 minutes at normal cruise
20 minutes at normal cruise and to an alternate
20 minutes at normal cruise
45 minutes past destination
How many days prior to your expiry date may you complete a PPC check ride and maintain the original expiry date?
30
Your Choice > 60
90
120
Controlled airspace about an airport that extends upward, vertically from the surface to a specified height AGL is?
Control Area
A control zone
Always Class D Airspace
Controlled airspace along airways above 2,200 feet ASL
You are on a VFR cross country flight, while flying in uncontrolled airspace you encounter visibilities less than 3 miles. In order to comply with VFR weather minima you could:
Terminate the flight immediately
Descend below 1000 ft AGL and must maintain at least 1 mile visibility and clear of cloud
Descend below 1000 ft AGL and maintain at least 2 miles visibility and 2000 ft horizontally from cloud
Descend below 1000 ft AGL and maintain at least 1 mile visibility and 2000 ft horizontally from cloud
What is the minimum horizontal distance from cloud that must be maintained in a Control Zone?
1 mile
3 miles
3000 feet
4000 feet
With a functioning 2 way radio and an ATC clearance, what is the minimum weather in a control zone that maybe flown when the weather is below VFR limits?
One mile visibility, 500 feet from cloud
Three miles visibility
1/2 mile visibility, clear of cloud
1/2 mile visibility, 500 feet from ground minimum
When operating a single engine, float equipped helicopter in a commercial air service beyond gliding distance from shore, what equipment is required?
Life jackets for each passenger
Water type E.L.T.
Life rafts large enough to hold all passengers
All of the above
When flying over snow covered ground, whiteout is most likely to occur.
Over an unbroken snow layer with featureless terrain, under overcast sky
Over uniform terrain in a snow blizzard and the horizon is barely discernible
When the sky and horizon are discernible and it is snowing hard
Clear sky, sunshine is reflected by the snow cover
Can you carry passengers at night in a single engine aircraft in a commercial operation?
Only if you have a valid instrument rating
No
Only if you have a night rating
Only if you have a night rating and a valid instrument rating
For flight over non-populous areas, over land and water, what is the minimum distance to be maintained from ground without creating a hazard to persons or property, ships and vessels?
500 ft
1000 ft
2000 ft
7000 ft
What statement is correct in regards to carrying passengers commercially in VFR flight in a helicopter?
The pilot must inform the passengers of the location and operation of the ELT
The pilot must inform the passengers of the location and book entry must be made
The ELT must be checked in the last 6 months and a journey log book entry must be made
The ELT must be serviced in the previous 6 months
What are the VFR weather minima for night VFR above 1000' in uncontrolled airspace?
1 mile visibility, clear of cloud
1 mile visibility, clear of cloud
3 miles visibility, distance from cloud dependant on ambient light
3 miles visibility, 2000 feet horizontally, 500 feet vertically from cloud
When the tower asks you to 'squawk 1222' you?
Set the transponder to 1222, switch to ALT mode
Set the transponder to 1222 and switch to sby
Set the transponder to 1222 and push ident
Set radio and 122.2 and query why you should
How often does a commercial helicopter pilot receive Emergency Procedures training (PPC)?
Every 6 months
Every year
Every 2 years
Every time you start with a new company
Your maximum flight duty day is:
12 hours in a 24 hour period
14 hours in a 24 hour period
15 hours, in 30 hours
16 hours, if less than three consecutive days
If you are flying within the standard pressure region, how should you set your altimeter?
In the nearest airport elevation
The nearest airport altimeter setting
29.92
The altimeter setting when you left the airport
When a fatigue situation occurs, who has the responsibility to limit flying?
Your Choice
The pilot
The crew concerned or operations manager
ATC
During slinging operations, when using a marshaller, how would you direct Him/Her to stand:
Facing into wind, in plain view and slightly left or right of the helicopter
Facing into wind and about 50 feet away from the helicopter
Back to the wind and in plain view
Back to the wind and directly in front of the helicopter
Under what conditions will carburetor ice most likely occur?
Low power setting -10 degrees Centigrade OAT
High power setting +10 degrees Centigrade OAT
Low power setting +10 degrees Centigrade OAT
High power setting -10 degrees Centigrade OAT
The standard VFR equipment needed to fly in controlled airspace, including a magnetic compass and:
Sensitive Altimeter, airspeed indicator and time piece.
Airspeed Indicator
Time Piece
Turn and Bank Indicator
Vertical Speed Indicator
Why do most piston helicopters have a shroud(cover) around the engine?
To retain engine heat
To augment cooling
To prevent water damage to the cylinders
Stop damage to the accessories
What type of rotor system has dragging and flapping hinges?
Rigid rotor system
Fully articulated rotor system
Semi rigid rotor system
3) Semi articulated rotor system
What causes low-frequency vertical vibrations?
Tail rotor
Engine
Main rotor
Cooling fan
What should you do if your helicopter encounters ground resonance?
continue to hover
Increase throttle
If the RPM is in the green raise to hover and if not, lower collective and shut off engine
If the RPM is in the green raise to hover, if not raise the collective to take the weight off the landing gear temporarily before landing and shutting down.
What forces act on a rotor blade hovering in still air?
Lift and thrust
Lift and torque
Lift and drag
Thrust and drag
Your aircraft is at an indicated altitude of 2,200 ft. The altimeter setting is 29.62 and the outside temperature is -20 degrees Celsius. What is the density altitude?
1,200 ft.
2,500 ft.
3,200 ft
3,700 ft.
Refer to loading chart graph. With a gross take off weight of 2800 lbs. and a 300 lb. Pilot and a 350 lb. Passenger, what is the maximum allowable weight for baggage?
Not to exceed 250 lbs.
Not to exceed 110 lbs.
Not to exceed 200 lbs.
Not to exceed 140 lbs.
In an overpitching situation close to the ground if you pull more pitch, what happens?
Increase lift, decrease in rotor RPM and decreased angle of attack
Decreased lift, increased rotor RPM and increased angle of attack
Decrease in lift and decrease in rotor RPM where flight may not be possible
When the pitot tube and pitot tube drain port become blocked;
The airspeed will remain unchanged in level flight with large power changes
The airspeed will increase in a desent
The airspeed will read zero
The airspeed will overread in a descent
Immediately after lifting off a pilot should?
Perform a hover check, check wind direction and velocity
Perform a hover check and check the take off area is clear
Check C of G and hover check
Go through translation immediately
What effect would a decreased all up weight have on a helicopter’s autorotation characteristics?
Decreased RPM, increases descent
Increased RPM, decreases descent
Increased RPM, increases descent
Decreased RPM, decreases descent
When starting and shutting down a helicopter in high winds, to minimize chances of a tailboom strike due to blade sailing, how should you park?
Slightly out of the wind, cyclic into wind
On the lee side of obstructions, friction on
Your Choice
Directly into wind, cyclic into wind
Which of the following statements are true concerning aviation fuel?
If fuel has been stored for long periods, the octane rating will not be affected
Temperature variations can cause moisture/water to
accumulate in fuel
Fuel stored in sealed drums need not be filtered prior to use
When fuel has been agitated the water will always quickly seperate
You are landing on sloping ground, after you make contact you should:
Use the cyclic to maintain the attitude of the rotor disc as you lower the collective.
Hold the cyclic central as you lower the collective
Use the cyclic to adjust the fuselage to conform to the slope
How should the pilot brief the passengers on embarking and exiting a helicopter?
Always keep your head down and enter from the front or sides
Always walk uphill when entering and downhill when exiting
Wait for the pilot to signal and give instructions for entering and exiting
All of the above
If the center of gravity were past the forward limit, what effect would be most likely?
Unable to hover into wind due to lack of rearward control
Unable to hover into wind due to lack of forward control
Unable to hover downwind due to lack of rearward control
Unable to hover downwind due to lack of forward control
Helicopter performance is affected by air density and will best perform under conditions of:
Low altitude, high temperature and a low relative humidity
High altitude, low temperature and low relative humidity
Low altitude, low temperature and high relative humidity
Low altitude low temperature and low relative humidity
Flying in poor visibility and low ceiling, you encounter power lines on your track. You should:
Reduce power and go under, keeping maximum ground separation
Cross over a pylon at a 45 degree angle if possible
Climb between pylons at a 45 degree angle if possible
Cross up regardless of cloud and descend when you calculate that you are across.
When tilting the rotor into forward flight without making an adjustment to your power setting, what would occur?
Total amount of lift decreases
Total amount of lift increases
No change
The total lift reaction would remain the same
In what flight configuration is the tail rotor required most?
In a climbing left turn with climb power
Left turn
Hovering cross wind with the weathercock effect added to torque effect.
Hovering cross wind with the weathercock effect opposite to torque effect.
You are experiencing retreating blade tip stall, what happens to aircraft?
Vibration in the cyclic, airframe shakes, the nose pitches down and roll right or left.
You feel a vibration in the cyclic, the airframe shakes and the nose pitches up and rolls right or left.
Tail rotor power requirement is reduced as forward airspeed increases due to:
Keel effect
Ground effect
Translational lift
Translating tendency
While flying in rain, raindrops are present on the windscreen of the aircraft. As you approach the top of a mountain range, how will the rain affect the appearance of ridge or summit?
It will appear to be higher than actual height
There will be no change
The mountain will look distorted
It will appear to be lower than actual height
What does the turn and bank indicator shown in the appendix indicate?
Too much right pedal
Too much left pedal
Co-ordinated right turn
Slipping right turn
Which of the following will most likely cause the onset of VORTEX RING STATE?
Zero airspeed and power on, descent rate of 200 FPM
Zero airspeed and power on, descent rate of greater than 400 FPM
Low airspeed and power on descent rate lower than 300 FPM
Low airspeed and power on descent rate of 300 FPM
What is required for any type of fog to form?
High relative humidity
Wind higher than 8 knots and less than 13 knots
Calm to moderate wind
A cold clear night with cold air descending
Flying from cold air into an active warm front you expect snow mixed with light ice pellets. What do you next expect?
Snow showers
Freezing rain ahead
Rain showers
You have passed through the front and will have better weather
What is the primary cause of wind?
Rotation of the earth's surface
Relative humidity
Horizontal Pressure difference
Distance between Isobars
What is the definition of an ISOBAR?
A line of magnetic variation
A line of no magnetic variation
A line joining places of equal Temperature
A line joining places of equal Pressure
When warm air is moving over cold ground, what will this most likely result in?
Turbulence
Smooth flying conditions
Stratocumulus
Good visibility
How would you expect the winds to change with a passage of a cold front?
Veer in direction and increase
Back in direction and decrease
Increases speed with no change of direction
Change in direction without a change in speed
What conditions would you expect during the passage of a warm front?
Turbulence at lower levels
Overcast layer of strato cumulus
Poor visibility
Cumulous cloud
What is the most important factor in determining the height of cumulonimbus cloud bases?
Relative humidity
Adiabatic lapse rate
The temperature and dewpoint spread
Unstable air
The term "inversion" is used to describe the conditions where:
Pressure decreases with height
Pressure increases with height
Temperature decreases with height
Temperature increases with height
Of the factors influencing weather in an air mass, the most significant is:
Stability
Cooling by radiation
Horizontal movement
Expansion due to lifting
When decoding a METAR what does the term "virga" imply?
Mechanical turbulence
High probability of Micro-bursts
Rain
Smooth conditions
What is a standard lapse rate?
Decrease in temperature with altitude
Increase in temperature with altitude
Inversion
Adiabatic change
On the GFA, how long is the "IFR OTLK" portion valid for?
6 hours
12 hours
24 hours
36 hours
When "VFR" appears in the IFR OTLK section of the GFA, what weather would you expect?
Ceilings greater than 3000 feet and visibility greater than 5 SM
Ceilings greater than 5000 feet and visibility greater than 5 SM
Ceilings between 3 - 5 SM
Ceilings greater than 1000 feet and visibility greater than 3 SM
Regarding a METAR when cloud bases are forecast to be 6 oktas this would mean;
Scattered clouds
Broken
Partially covered
Overcast
Looking at the appendix for the Graphic Area Forecast. What is the freezing level for the area around CYTL (Big Trout Lake)?
From 1,800 ASL
From the surface
From 2,500 ASL
From 3,000 ASL
After 30 NM you find yourself 2 NM off track. How many degrees are you off track?
3
4
6
With an indicated altitude of 6,200ft, a pressure altitude of 6,500, an outside air temperature of -15C, what is your true altitude?
16,000ft
6,500ft
6,000ft
5,800ft
Your ADF gives you a relative bearing of 235 degrees. Your GPS says your magnetic bearing to the station is 140 degrees. What is your magnetic heading?
140
015
095
265
What can you do to minimize the shoreline effect when using an NDB?
Select an NDB that has an angle greater than 30 degrees
Fly at higher altitude
Use a station further inland
Use an NDB which is either directly in front of you or directly behind you
What is the magnetic heading enroute from Elliott Lake to Sudbury?
070
064
096
088
When flying from Elliott Lake to Sudbury, using the hypsometric tinting on the map, what is the average elevation enroute?
Sea level to 2000
Above 3000
Below 1000
Your Choice -> X1000 – 3000
The trip is 1 hr. 50 min. from Elliott Lake to Perry Sound Muni with a stop at Sudbury. The fuel consumption is 6.5 gallons per hour with 2.0 gallons used on each departure. What is the total fuel required for the trip?
12 gallons
Your Choice -> X16 gallons
18 gallons
22 gallons
The VOR and VHF Radios are subject to line of sight, and reception varies according to aircraft altitude of:
1,200ft AGL is about 200 miles
2,000ft AGL is about 100 miles
1,500ft AGL is about 150 miles
1,500ft AGL is about 50 miles
A good tailwind is forecasted at 6,500 feet. When leaving Sudbury you should plan as an appropriate altitude:
Odd thousands + 500
Even thousands + 500
Odd thousands
Even thousands
What is the highest elevation on the chart?
4621
3521
Your Choice -> X3800
4000
Regarding landing along the shore of White Lake (Long 76 30 00 Lat 45 21 00), what statement is true?
The pilot may land if he/she has determined the area suitable
A landing may only be made in an emergency
A landing may only be made with prior permission
The pilot must be dropping off passengers or servicing a nearby fishing camp
What class of airspace is the water aerodrome at Smokey Lake (Long 80 14 00 Lat 45 51 50)?
Class G
Class E
Class F
Class D
Select the corresponding examples that form a triangle of velocities.
Wind & windspeed, heading & true airspeed & track & groundspeed
Magnetic heading & ground speed
Heading & true airspeed
Magnetic track & ground speed
Track made good & ground speed
What information will a VOR/DME receiver give you?
Radial and distance from VORTAC or TACAN
Distance from TACAN
Radial from TACAN
Track and distance from VORTAC or VOR/DME
Which of the following charts is Lambert Conformal Conic Projection?
VTA
VFR Navigational Chart
Canadian pilotage chart
Your Choice -> XWorld aeronautical chart
A straight line on a VNC most closely represents?
An Agonic line
A rhumb line
A Great Circle
An Isobar
When using a VOR Test Station (VOT), what should the CDI and OBS be set to?
360 degrees FROM
180 degrees FROM
360 degrees TO
To the desired radial
You are on the 265 degree radial. You wish to intercept the 330 degree radial at a 90 degree angle intercept and track inbound to the station. How would you set the OBS, and to what magnetic heading would you steer?
330 obs , 060 magnetic heading
270 obs , 180 magnetic heading
090 obs , 260 magnetic heading
150 obs , 060 magnetic heading
Based on the map, the Sudbury airport is:
Class e airspace capped at 4000
G
What statement is most correct when using VDF services:
To be used only in a emergency
Use on pre-selected tower or FSS frequencies
Not to be used in an emergency
Available only with aircraft equipped with an ADF receiver
What does a Class "C" or "D" Control Zone become after the tower closes?
Class E uncontrolled airspace
Class G uncontrolled airspace
Class E controlled airspace
Class G controlled airspace
What is the frequency for the VOR/DME at Sudbury (YSB)?
112.3
126.7
125.5
126.7
What frequency would you tune to while approaching Sudbury, before descent, to acquire wind, landing direction and NOTAMS:
121.8
127.4
125.5
126.7
En-route to Parry Sound Muni, due to poor weather, you must divert to Muskoka. What is the elevation of the Muskoka airport N44 5829 W7918 12?
922 ft.
600 ft.
1050 ft.
430 ft.
Enroute you note the time over Novellie at 16:02 and then you overfly the Smokey Lake aerodrome at 16:12. What is the new estimated time of arrival to Parry Sound Muni?
16:30
16:40
16:45
16:50
Enroute you note the time over Novellville at 16:02 and then you overfly the Smokey Lake aerodrome at 16:12. What is the new estimated time of arrival to Parry Sound Muni?
16:30
16:45
16:50
Looking at the line on the map that runs between N 45 00 00 , W 80 00 00 and N 45 30 00 , W 75 00 00 what would this most closely represent?
Great Circle
Shortest distance between two points
Meridian
Parallel of latitude
What chart symbol would appear at N45 20 00 / W76 57 00?
Contour line
Spot elevation
Radio Tower
Tower
Looking at the map at Carp airport (N45 19 00 W76 01 30), what information is true regarding the Carp airport?
Elevation 382 (the answer was left off the map)
Gravel runway surface
Length of runway is 3,820 ft.
Has a FSS
You have an aircraft with a fuel consumption of 8.0 gallons per hour. You fly for 2:30. How many litres will it take (You may refer to Appendix 4)?
20 liters
76 liters
80 liters
87 liters
Referring Appendix for weight and balance data. What would be the center of gravity for the following load conditions? Helicopter 2200, Pilot 180, Front/Passenger 170, Cabin seat 100, Rear 100, Fuel 850, Rear stowage 150, Side holds 200. Pilot and Front Passenger: Area A, Cabin and Rear Seat: Area B, Fuel: Area F
(a)
You are departing Ottawa, you are cleared for take off on runway 07 with a left turn out for 3 minutes and to fly direct to the Ottawa VOR. What do you set on your OBS?
290 degrees and then steer with CDI
314 degrees and then steer with CDI
330 degrees and then steer with CDI
Set the OBS so the CDI is centered and there is a TO indication. Fly the set heading.
You depart Sudbury airport for a 75 NM leg to Parry Sound Muni. Your ground speed for the trip is 115 Kts. Add 2 minutes for each 1000' of climb up to your cruise altitude of 5500'. How long will this leg take?
11 minutes
39 minutes
33 minutes
48 minutes
The vertical distance between pressure levels is:
Less in cold air than warm
Greater in cold air than warm
Greater in converging air
Adiabatic
