WorksheetsPS226 Final Exam
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 19mins
What are the two types of synapses?
positive and negative
chemical and electrical
gradient and chemical
rapid and slow
_________ triggers the opening of voltage gated ion channels during an action potential
depolarization
Lightning
hyper- polarization
vesicles
true/ false: smell is not important for social interactions, only for survival
true
false
a _______ is a chemical stimuli that can be sensed by olfactory system
smell
cavity
odorant
candle
odorant is to smell, as _____ is to vision
sound wave
photon
afferent
neurotransmitter
mucus is produced by the ______
nasal cavity
Bowmans gland
cribriform plate
basal cell
olfactory _____ are ______, resulting in slower communication when compared to olfactory neurons
basal cells; myelinated
basal cells; unmyelinated
cilia; myelinated
cilia; unmyelinated
_______ is a chemosensory deficit in the olfactory system that causes the loss of smell
agnosia
anosmia
insomnia
parosmia
Odorant receptors are located in the____
membrane
olfactory neurons
cilia
glia
The sensory cortex is positioned anterior to the motor cortex.
true
false
Which structure(s) connect(s) adjacent stereocilia?
tip links
outer hair cells
odorant receptors are G-protein coupled receptors
true
false
kinds of tastants
sour, sweet, spicy
sour, bitter, salty, sweet, umami
cold, hot, normal
sour, bitter, salty, sweet
Four main types of papillae: ______, foliate, filate, and
circumvallate
incisive
taste buds
fungiform
none
Multiple taste receptor cells form one
taste bud
true
false
Saltly and sour are ______
and sweet is ______
ionotropic; metabotropic
metabotropic; inotropic
Sensory inputs from muscle spindles create a ______ loop to regulate muscle tension
upstream
feedback
downstream
response
disinhibition is the inhibition of inhibition which leads to ______
negative ions flowing in
inhibition of the thalamus
excitation
In Parkinson's disease, do patients produce too much or too little dopamine?
too much
too little
. How does the cerebellum represent the body compared to most other brain areas?
Contralaterally, like the cerebral cortex
Ipsilaterally, unlike most brain areas
Randomly, without a clear pattern
What happens if the left cerebellum is damaged?
Visual deficits on the right side
Auditory problems in both ears
Motor deficits on the left side
you're screwed
What neurotransmitter is primarily released by Purkinje cells?
Glutamate
Dopamine
GABA
What is a key function of the visceral motor system?
Enhancing reflex speed
Maintaining homeostasis
Promoting conscious movement
Which feature is characteristic of neurotransmitter activity in the visceral motor system?
Neurotransmitters diffuse widely before binding
Neurotransmitters do not cross synaptic clefts
Synaptic neurotransmitter release is rapid and focused
What do climbing fibers influence in the cerebellar circuit when errors are experienced?
The speed of mossy fiber conduction
the efficacy of the parallel fiber–Purkinje cell connection
The structure of Purkinje cells
Olfactory receptor neurons are exposed to air and odorants in the ____ ______
mucus membrane
nasal cavity
stem epithelium
What type of reflex is the stretch reflex?
Polysynaptic
Monosynaptic
What do Golgi tendon organs primarily detect?
Muscle tension
Muscle length
Muscle temperature
Golgi tendon organs cause:
Muscle contraction
Increased reflex speed
Muscle inhibition
Central pattern generators are responsible for:
Balance
Rhythmic Movement
Spinal Proprioception
Upper motor neurons are located in the:
Brain and Brainstem
Spinal Cord only
PNS
Medial ventral horn controls:
Distal muscles
Axial and proximal muscles
The Primary motor cortex controls_____, Premotor cortex controls ______.
Personal space movement; Extrapersonal space
Extrapersonal space; Personal space movement
Which layer is output layer of motor cortex?
Layer 1
Layer 2
Layer 4
Layer 5
The Corticobulbar tract goes to:
Muscles
Brainstem
Spinal Cord
Corticospinal tract goes to:
Spinal Cord
Brainstem
Muscles
The Lower face is controlled by______, the upper face is control by ______.
Cingulate motor cortex; primary motor cortex
Primary motor cortex; Cingulate motor cortex
The anterior cingulate motor cortex controls both the upper and lower face
Cortex damage causes _______ while Brainstem damage causes______
Lower face damage; upper face paralysis
Upper face damage; lower face paralysis
Lower face damage; whole face paralysis
Whole face damage; lower face paralysis
The striatum is composed of the ____ and the _____
caudate; pallidum
caudate; putamen
globus pallidus; substantia nigra
Subthalamic nuclei; substantia nigra
T/F: The cerebellum recieves input from almost all areas of the cortex
t
f
The cerebellum primarily functions to:
Generate sensory perception
Compare planned movement with actual movement
Control reflexes
