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H. Biology Phylogenetic Trees

Total questions: 16

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

If you were building a phylogenetic tree of cats, which of the following would be the best outgroup?

a)

wolf

b)

domestic cat

c)

frog

d)

leopard

2.

categories above the kingdom level

a)

Domain

b)

Phylum

c)

Class

d)

Division

3.
branch on a phylogenetic tree that has not diverged significantly from the root ancestor
a)
basal taxon
b)
mitochondria-first hypothesis
c)
sister taxa
d)
polytomy
4.

All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...

a)

Fur

b)

Claws or nails

c)

Lungs

d)

Jaws

5.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
6.

The lizard has all these derived characteristics EXCEPT

a)

Jaws

b)

Lungs

c)

Bipedal

7.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

8.

Anatomical similarities and differences between various organisms allow us to reconstruct and infer evolutionary history and descent. The bones of the forelimbs (wing or arm) of three animals are shown in the illustration. Which of the following is NOT a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the similarities and differences found in this illustration?

a)

Birds, bats, and humans have bones and structures that allow them to function.

b)

Different structures allow for different functions.

c)

Humans live in habitats that are very different from that of birds and bats.

d)

Humans and bats share a closer evolutionary history with each other than with birds.

9.

Which trait (adaptation) was developed most recently?

a)

tetrapod limbs

b)

feathers

c)

amnion

d)

They developed at the same time

10.

Who is the closest relative to the brown bear?

a)

Giant panda

b)

Dog

c)

Lesser panda

d)

Sun bear

11.

The groups in a phylogenetic tree are called...

a)

Taxa

b)

Nodes

c)

Roots

d)

Branches

12.

According to maximum parsimony...

a)

The simpler your phylogenetic tree, the better

b)

Phylogenetic trees should have many branches

c)

All organisms in a phylogenetic tree must descend from a common ancestor

d)

Phylogenetic trees must show all traits

13.

Places on a phylogenetic tree where organisms share a common ancestor are called...

a)

Nodes

b)

Branches

c)

Taxa

d)

Species

14.

Phylogenetic trees show...

a)

Homologous structures through divergent evolution

b)

Homologous structures through convergent evolution

c)

Analogous structures through divergent evolution

d)

Analogous structures through convergent evolution

15.

Based on the figure, which organism is most closely related to the polar bear?

a)

black bear

b)

european brown bear

c)

western north american brown bear

d)

asian brown bear

16.

Which evidence would be the most accurate when developing a cladogram?

a)

morphological

b)

molecular

c)

ecological

d)

fossil