the destruction/ending of something, often referring to the ending of slavery; not an original goal of Lincoln or the Union army; majority of Northerners (98%) did not support (a)    

first Republican president; elected in 1860; won based on support of Northerners, illustrating sectional differences in US; primary goal was to preserve the Union; assassinated in 1865

(a)  

1862; bloodiest single-day battle in US history (shows human cost of the war); enough of a Union victory for Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

(a)  

town where Lee surrendered to Grant in 1865 because Confederates knew they could not continue the war

(a)  

the purposeful killing of a (political/religious) leader

(a)  

nickname for the bloody fights between supporters of slavery and free territory in the Kansas and Nebraska territories following the Kansas-Nebraska Act

(a)  

a barrier; Union navy attempts to create a (a)   around Southern ports to prevent trade/assistance from Europe

slavery states that remain loyal to the Union:  Missouri, Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware; the Emancipation Proclamation does not apply to these states

(a)  

first battle between Union and Confederate armies; Confederates win; shows neither side will easily give up and war will be long, necessitating large numbers of men and supplies

(a)  

short-term cause of the Civil War; allowed California to join US as a free state; created a strict fugitive slave law

(a)  

loose system of government in which separate groups (Southern states) join together for trade and defense; created in 1861 because Southern states claim their states-rights (specifically right to own slaves) were being ignored/violated by the federal government; have few advantages over the Union; lose the Civil War

(a)  

law passed by the Union in 1863 to draft men into the army; led to a series of riots in northern cities because lower classes could not afford to buy an exemption

(a)  

an enslaved African American man whose owner brought him to free territory in the North; sued for his freedom; case ultimately decided by the Supreme Court who declared African Americans were not citizens (and thus had no legal rights) and that a person’s right to own property (slaves) is protected everywhere in the county (basically saying slaves can be owned in ‘free’ states/territory); case is a short-term cause of the Civil War

(a)  

a short-term cause of the Civil War; Lincoln wins; electoral map shows clear sectional differences between North and South

(a)  

a legal statement issued by Lincoln after the battle of Antietam; says slaves in rebelling states are free; expands Union war goals to include freedom for slaves, which prevents European nations from forming an alliance with the Confederacy

(a)  

located in South Carolina; start of the Civil war; Confederates bomb fort in 1861 to drive out Union forces

(a)  

political party formed to resist the expansion of slavery into western territories; turns into the Republican party

(a)  

part of the Compromise of 1850; requires people in both South and North to aid in the recapture of freedom seekers; angers abolitionists in the North

(a)  

Union general at the start of the war; he had to defend Washington DC and get the Confederate out of Maryland before the battle of Antietam

answer: George (a)  

1863; Union wins; turning point of the war (puts Confederates on the defensive)

(a)  

1863 speech given by Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery; reminds Northerners of ideals of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution and of the need to remain committed to winning the Civil War

(a)  

African American woman; escaped slavery in Maryland; led others to freedom along the Underground Railroad; spied for the Union army

(a)  

president of the Confederate States of America

(a)  

radical abolitionist; led attacks on pro-slavery people in Kansas (1854); tried to start a slave rebellion in Harpers Ferry, which failed

(a)  

Southerner actor who assassinated Lincoln in 1865

answer: John Wilkes (a)  

short-term cause of the Civil War; law passed in 1854 giving popular sovereignty to people living in the specific territories (people in these territories could vote on whether to be free- or slave-territory)

(a)  

1820 law that limited slavery to certain territories in the south; problem with the (a)   is that it did not extend all the way across the continent (so newly acquired territories were not governed by it)

the ability of citizens to control the government by voting; in Civil War context it become the basis for the Kansas-Nebraska Act

(a)  

political party formed from the Free-Soil Party; want to stop the expansion of slavery into new territories (do not want to abolish slavery)

(a)  

eventual capital of the Confederacy; located in Virginia

(a)  

Confederate general; surrendered to Grant in 1865 at town of Appomattox Courthouse.

(a)  

to break away from something;  Southern states (a)   beginning in 1860 to form the Confederate States of America

long-term cause of the Civil War; loyalty to a region instead of to the nation as a whole; based on attitudes towards slavery; contributed to “States Rights”; existed in US since 1600s

(a)  

long-term cause of the Civil War; system of legally owning people as property (who have no rights); contributed to sectional differences; existed in the US since 1600s

(a)  

long-term cause of the Civil War; idea that states should have more power than the federal government (such as the ability to nullify federal laws); sectional differences contribute to persistence of this idea; existed in US since 1700s

(a)  

policy of destroying anything that supports the enemy’s war effort (railroads, food supplies, economic products such as cotton); used by Union generals Grant and Sherman in the last years of the war. 

(a)  

Union general in charge during the last years of the war; uses total warfare to hasten Confederate surrender; accepts Lee’s surrender in 1865; issues lenient terms to Confederate surrender to facilitate reunion

answer: Ulysses S. (a)  

short-term cause of the Civil War; novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe; vivid descriptions of slavery outrage abolitionists

(a)  

name for routes used by freedom seekers to reach free territory;

(a)  

name for both the North, the U.S. government, and the US army/navy; has many advantages over Confederates; wins the Civil War

(a)  

Union general during the last years of the war; mostly fights in the Deep South (Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia); uses total warfare to hasten Confederate surrender

answer: William T. (a)