To come to a reasonable conclusion based on evidence found in the passage

idea or message is stated directly by the author

Its lesson or message

To give the main events of a passage in the order in which they happen.

A person or thing in a work of literature

Where and when a literary passage takes place, including the time of day, the season, or the location.

The events that happen in the beginning, middle, and end of the passage

Literary passages about popular beliefs in different cultures

an indirect reference to something. When an author refers to something without mentioning it explicitly

A form of writing that uses ordinary language. It is the opposite of poetry

A piece of writing that uses words and phrases chosen for their sound or meaning. These words are arranged in a specific way on the page

Writing organized in a rhythmic pattern, as often is the case in poetry

The regular, repeated sounds of words in a poem

A rhythm that repeats a basic pattern in a poem

A story, also known as a play, that is written for people to act out

The words that actors are supposed to say or read aloud when they are acting out a drama

The instructions that tell actors what to do in a drama

The list of different parts actors can play in the drama

The perspective from which a story is told

A category of passages, such as fiction and nonfiction

Passages that explain or inform

to come to a reasonable conclusion based on evidence found in the passage

stated directly by the author. The author tells the readers exactly what they need to know

The most important idea that the author is trying to say

The facts and ideas that support the main idea of a passage

contains the most important points from a passage but does not give all the details

include chronological order, cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution

The order in which a series of events happens. A passage that is arranged in order of time from the beginning to the end

analyzes the relationships between ideas in a text

analyzes the similarities

analyzes the differences

A description of events written or told by someone who was actually there

A description of events written or told by someone who was not actually there but who got the story from another source

Something that proves the truth of something else

The author has a specific reason or purpose for writing the passage

states an opinion or agrees or disagrees with a point of view

The opinion or perspective of the writer on a specific topic

What a piece of writing is about

The beginning of a piece of writing

The way in which a piece of writing is structured. Similar ideas and illustrations should be grouped together and the order of the information should make sense. Each sentence, paragraph, or text feature fits into the overall structure of a passage and contributes to the development of ideas. Writers structure their texts to match their purpose and audience

Details that support your opinion in a piece of writing

a statement that can be proven

a statement that cannot be proven because it states a writer’s belief or judgment about something

Words or groups of words that link one idea to the next. Writing should not jump from one idea to the next without transitions that guide the reader along

The end of a piece of writing

A form of writing that informs the reader or explains something

The way in which a piece of writing is organized. For example, a writer can use headings and subheadings to organize the writing and present the information in a clear way

Good writers choose their words carefully. Specific and vivid words and phrases describe or explain and make meaning clear

a real or imaginary story. It may be about a situation, a single moment in time, or a series of related events and experiences

the person the writer chooses to tell a story

refer to physical things that can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or touched

describe concrete words and phrases in a way that allows the reader to experience the way things look, sound, smell, taste, or feel through imagination

The process of editing and rewriting a piece of writing

A book, article, website, person, or piece of media that contains information

The system of rules for a language

Using the correct word when there is a choice

A part of speech that is used instead of a noun when the meaning of the noun is already understood. I, we, he, she, they, and it

Words used to refer to a noun that was already mentioned but is being referred to again. Examples are who, which, whose, whom, and that

A part of speech that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Usually end in -ly. Quietly, thoroughly, frantically, and lovingly

used to give more details in a sentence. For example, where, when, and why

A tense used to describe an action that is ongoing and has not stopped. For example, I am walking, I was walking, and I will be walking are all variations

A verb that helps a main verb by adding to the meaning of the main verb (e.g., am, are, is, were, could)

Connects the subject to a word that describes the subject

Create conditional sentences, which are sentences that describe situations that might happen but haven’t happened yet. Linking verbs and helping verbs can be added to verbs

A part of speech that describes a noun. Beautiful, tall, blue, and interesting

Phrases that are used to show direction, location, or time. Examples are on the box, in the box, around the box, by the box, and through the box.

A sentence that is incomplete

when more than one sentence is joined without the correct word and/or punctuation mark

To correctly make the first letter of a word uppercase

Repeating or writing out exactly what a source said, word for word. Quotes are always put inside quotation marks

A word that is used to combine two simple sentences to make a compound sentence. For example, and, or, but

contains two independent clauses joined by a conjunction

a part of a sentence that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and has a subject and a verb

is a part of a sentence that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and has a subject and a verb

Rules for how to spell words, write sentences, and use punctuation so that everyone who reads or speaks that language will understand the intended meaning

s used in formal writing, such as an essay, research paper, or formal letter. When writing, the writer chooses language that matches the audience and purpose and avoids informal language

The words, facts, or ideas in a text that help you understand the meaning of an unknown word

Words and phrases that surround an unknown word or phrase and help to explain its meaning

The base word. Knowing the meaning of this can help a reader determine the meaning of other forms of the word

Letters added to a root word that change its meaning

A reference book that provides the precise, or exact, meanings of words and phrases.

An alphabetical list of words and phrases and their meanings. It is often found at the end of a text.

A comparison using like or as; for example, “She is as pretty as a picture.”

A direct comparison that states one thing is another. It isn’t meant to be literal, but descriptive. For example, if someone describes recess by saying “It was a zoo,” he or she is using this

A saying that is repeated and is generally accepted as truth over time. An example is, “A penny saved is a penny earned.”

A short saying that gives a piece of advice, such as “Don’t rock the boat.”

Quirky sayings and expressions specific to a language. For example, “Solving that puzzle was a piece of cake” means that the puzzle was easy, not that it was something to be eaten.

Words that have the same meaning

Words that have opposite meanings