the study of the production and distribution of goods and services

(a)  

the study of the surface of the Earth and how people use it

(a)  

the study of governments and laws

(a)  

the study of the mind and thoughts

(a)  

the study of group behaviors and relationships

(a)  

the study of past cultures using artifacts

(a)  

object made or modified by humans

(a)  

the way of life of a group of people

(a)  

belief in only one god

(a)  

the order in which events happened

(a)  

a distinguishing quality or trait

(a)  

a government ruled by a king

(a)  

punishment for someone’s beliefs – it does not mean to kill someone

(a)  

a large Christian church managed by a bishop; early medieval were built in the Romanesque style, later (a)   were built in the Gothic style

 “Charles the Great” crowns himself Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD

(a)  

a code of rules and manners knights were expected to obey.  It includes defending those who are weaker, remaining loyal and obedient to the king, and serving God

(a)  

 a religion whose members believe Jesus Christ is the son of God; this is the dominant religion in medieval Europe

(a)  

a design on a knight’s shield that identified him and his family; the symbols were meant to characterize the knight’s strengths

(a)  

 trade; this increases as the Middle Ages progress and feudalism declines

(a)  

 the idea that kings (and their sons) were chosen by God to rule; this idea is challenged by the idea that kings should have limits on their power

(a)  

a loose system of government in which people are granted land in exchange for their loyalty and support

(a)  

a medieval style of architecture characterized by tall, pointed arches and buttresses

(a)  

area controlled by Charlemagne, located where Germany is today; its name was meant to make people think it was a Christian recreation of the ancient Roman empire

(a)  

fought between England and France in the late Middle Ages for control of the nations; contributed to the decline of feudalism in Europe

(a)  

books copied by hand, often by Christian monks in monasteries, featuring illustrated letters that helped to express the meaning of the writing

(a)  

a young woman who led the French army during part of the Hundred Years War; captured and put on trial for witchcraft; seen as a martyr

(a)  

a person willing to die or be killed for the movement they support. Jesus Christ and Joan of Arc are examples

(a)  

 an armored medieval soldier who follows the code of chivalry; identified by a unique coat of arms

(a)  

 a member of the nobility; someone who was granted land by the king in exchange for his loyalty and support

(a)  

 the “Great Charter” signed by English King John and his nobles in 1215; it listed specific rights reserved to the nobility and put limits on the king’s power

(a)  

 land owned by a lord and worked by the serfs; these are self-sufficient

(a)  

 a secluded building or group of buildings where monks live together; often (a)   are self-sufficient 

a Christian man living in a monastery, devoting his life to prayer and religious thoughts; many (a)   spent at least part of their time copying illuminated manuscripts

 a medieval peasant tied to a specific manor; (a)   had very few rights under feudalism

a member of the nobility who serves a lord of a higher rank

(a)  

Byzantine Emperor who made a better system of laws

(a)  

the capital of the Byzantine Empire, now it's Istanbul, not (a)  

images made from tiny pieces of colored stones or porcelain, these were often used by the Byzantines to decorate their spaces

(a)  

name for the Byzantine Church in Constantinople that later became an Islamic mosque; we looked at a virtual tour of it

(a)  

This man from Arabia is the prophet for the Islamic religion

(a)  

The Islamic (and Arabic) name for God

(a)  

two cities in Arabia that are holy in Islam

(a)  

a religious trip to a holy city; making one to Mecca is part of the Five Pillars of Islam

(a)  

the holy book of Islam

(a)  

the eastern half of the Roman Empire was renamed as the (a)   in the Middle Ages

nomadic people in the deserts of Arabia who herd animals

(a)  

a government led by a successor to (person next in line after) Muhammad

(a)  

government that spread from Spain, across North Africa and Arabia, to India; they moved the capital of Islamic lands to Damascus in Syria

(a)  

a special place for Muslims to pray; the Hagia Sophia church was turned into one of these

(a)  

the leader of an Arabic tribe of people

(a)  

the government that moved the capital of the Islamic lands to Baghdad, Iraq

(a)