WorksheetsBio Spring Sem Exam Revieiw 2026
Total questions: 44
Worksheet time: 22mins
Below is an image showing two of the steps a cell goes through during a phase of mitosis. Which of the following statements best identifies and describes this phase?
The cell is going through cytokinesis, because cell division is being completed.
The cell is going through prophase, because the cells are coming together to reproduce.
In order for daughter cells to contain a complete set of DNA and chromosomes, the genome of a cell must be duplicated before it divides. The nucleus must accurately separate chromosomes. At the same time, the cytoplasm must divide and the organelles must be distributed to the daughter cells. Which model BEST describes the sequence of events in a normal cell division?
S -> G1 -> G2 -> mitosis -> cytokinesis
G1 -> S -> G2 -> mitosis -> cytokinesis
Which of these changes to the DNA triplet 'AAT' will cause the translation to stop?
AAG
ATT
A normal strand of DNA is shown above, followed by the same strand of DNA after mutations have occurred. Identify the mutation and explain the effect it would have on protein synthesis.
This mutation is a point mutation resulting from a base substitution. This would result in the different reading of the one codon affected by the mutation, causing the substitution of a different amino acid in an otherwise unaltered protein.
This mutation is a deletion mutation resulting in a frameshift. This would result in a different reading of the codons following the mutation. The protein being created could be abnormally short, abnormally long, and will most likely not be funtional.
The Punnett square shown depicts a cross between a brown (BB), long (LI) rat snake and a brown (Bb), short (II) rat snake. Select all of the offspring possibilities that would be brown and short by clicking on the Punnett square. Selected answers appear shaded.
Bb II
Bb LI
BB II
BL BI
Do you forget things? Absent-mindedness is an inherited recessive trait. The Punnett square shows the genetic cross for absent-mindedness in the Smith family. If the Smith's have six children, how many could be absent-minded?
0
1
2
3
A model of cell division is shown here. A student evaluates the model and makes the claim that the cell division increases genetic variation in the daughter cells.
Which evidence from the model supports the student's claim?
Chromosomes exchange genetic material in step 3.
Chromosomes are replicated in step 1.
The Venn diagram compares and contrasts meiosis and mitosis. If you were to add to the Venn diagram, which description would not apply to meiosis?
diploid daughter cells
haploid daughter cells
A comparison was made across eight species for their differences in amino acid sequences for cytochrome C, a protein in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. Which arguments can be supported by the data? Select all that may apply.
Species B shares the most recent common ancestor with Species A.
Species C shares the most recent common ancestor with Species A.
Species G is the common ancestor to all of the species in the table.
Species G has the fewest homologous structures in common with Species A since its divergence was longest ago.
Below is an image showing homologous structures in several mammals. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn regarding this information?
These mammals likely share a common ancestor based on homologous structures.
These mammals likely share a habitat based on homologous structures.
Wendy is a paleontologist and finds a fossil of a bony fish buried in the sediment on the coast. After observing and recording several key features of the fossil as well as the area, what conclusion might she be able to make?
that bony fish evolved before land plants
that the Earth was once covered with water
The bones of a modern-day horse are shown here. The diagram shows a fossil record of the same limb from the ancestors of the modern-day horse. Select the fossil that is most likely the oldest ancestor of the modern-day horse based on appendage shape.
A
B
C
D
A population of green iguanas lived on a tropical island. Originally, most of the iguanas had feet without webbing between their toes and a long, round tail. A few iguanas had webbed feet and a short, flat tail. As the years passed, the island became smaller and smaller due to flooding. Even the land areas were dotted with ponds and pools. The iguanas had a hard time locating their normal food sources and began swimming from island to island to find food. Which of the following most likely describes the iguana population five hundred generations after the island flooded and food became harder to find?
There would be fewer iguanas with webbed feet.
There would be more iguanas with webbed feet and flat tails.
Corals grow in warm, tropical ocean water most often in regions near the equator. In the past decade, the average global sea surface temperature has risen 0.13°C. Although this may sound like a small temperature change, the increase has been catastrophic for coral reefs. Many areas near the equator, including the Maldives and Sri Lanka, have experienced up to a 90% decrease in reef corals. For many years, scientists have been researching ways to prevent more reef loss. Recently, a team of scientists in Maine have discovered new coral reefs that are not only thriving, but also increasing in size, in more temperate ocean regions farther from the equator than most coral reefs are located.
Which of these best concludes what is happening to the coral populations near the equator?
Coral is unable to survive rising temperatures throughout the ocean and coral is likely to undergo rapid extinction.
Coral is unable to adjust to the rising ocean temperatures, and only those in cooler areas are surviving.
Four species of finch arrive on a newly formed Galapagos island which is covered with cacti growing in loose, dry sand. The cacti have honey filled flowers and tiny seeds.
Which species of finch is most likely to thrive on the new island due to natural selection?
Certhidia olivacea because its tiny pointed bill is the best adapted to sip nectar.
Geospiza parvula because animals with intermediate traits tend to have higher survival rates in new places.
The light colored rock pocket mice in New Mexico blend in with the sandy soil of the area, but on darker lava flow, the light color makes them stand out, making them easy prey for owls, hawks, and other visual predators. Some mice have darker fur color that makes them better able to survive predators in the lava environment. Over time, the darker colored mice became more common in the area of the lava flow.
Why did dark colored rock pocket mice first appear in the population in?
They have a random gene mutation that affects their fur color.
Individuals within the population had to change color to blend in with the environment.
A model of the theory of endosymbiosis is shown here. It is an explanation for the presence of chloroplasts and mitochondria as organelles that might have had an origin as free-living prokaryotic cells at one time. Evaluate each statement below and select the ones that accurately describe how evolution and endosymbiosis gave rise to life on Earth as we know it today. Choose ALL that apply.
Endosymbiosis provided a benefit for the engulfed prokaryote and the host cell that engulfed them.
The energy provided by the photosynthetic or aerobic bacteria allowed for greater success of the host cell.
Only cells that were able to perform endosymbiosis and become eukaryotic were provided a mechanism to survive.
Cells that engulfed photosynthetic or aerobic bacteria had a survival advantage and were able to reproduce more successfully, leading to their evolution and proliferation.
The table here shows information about four different populations of a flowering plant species. The relative population sizes, level of genetic variation, and presence of selective pressures are indicated in the table. Analyze the data and evaluate in which population is natural selection most likely to cause a shift in the alleles and phenotypes?
l
ll
lll
lV
After the American bison was hunted almost to extinction in the 1800s, less than 100 individual bison were left. In an effort to prevent their extinction, humans have attempted to breed bison on ranches and in national parks. Although their numbers are slowly increasing, the bottleneck effect has greatly decreased the genetic diversity of the American bison. Which statement explains the most likely consequence of having a low genetic diversity on the American bison population?
Genetic variability is maintained from older bison populations that have survived and endured environmental stressors.
The bison population becomes less likely to survive an outbreak of a disease or an environmental change, increasing the chance of species extinction.
A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased –
genetic variation.
genetic drift.
mutation rate.
natural selection.
Which statement correctly describes two body systems working together to enable the digestion of food particles and the delivery of molecules to the body's cells?
The digestive system breaks down food particles mechanically and chemically, while the circulatory system transports nutrients throughout the body.
The digestive system moves waste through the body, while the integumentary system absorbs nutrients from the environment.
Which three body systems work together to help allow locomotion?
Muscular, nervous, skeletal
Respiratory, endocrine, skeletal
Lymphatic, skeletal, muscular
Nervous, respiratory, muscular
As in other multicellular organisms, plant cells are grouped together into tissues. These tissues can also be organized into systems. Much like the body systems found in animals, these systems accomplish functions such as transport, reproduction, and response. What are some ways that roots, stems, and leaves are all involved in photosynthesis? Select ALL that apply.
Sugar is absorbed from the ground through the roots.
Sunlight interacts with the chlorophyll in leaves.
Water is absorbed from the ground through the roots.
Sugar is transported from leaves through the phloem in the stem.
Look at the image of a rainforest. Notice all of the factors present in the image. How would you classify all of the factors in this image?
It is an individual organism
It is a population
It is a community
It is an ecosystem
Many animals have misleading names, such as the red panda which has no relation to giant pandas, killer whales that are actually in the same family as dolphins instead of whales, and the bearcat which is neither related to bears nor cats. Which of the following best summarizes why scientists use a standardized taxonomic system?
To replace easier to pronounce names with important sounding Latin names
To place organisms in groups
To honor the memory of Linnaeus, the father of taxonomy
To avoid errors and confusion when identifying organisms across the world
Which organism has fur and mammary glands, but does NOT have opposable thumbs?
Salmon
Salamander
Lizard
Hamster
Chimpanzee
Which two organisms are the most closely related?
human and domestic dog
house cat and red wolf
domestic dog and red wolf
house cat and domestic dog
Which of the animals is most distantly related to the other 3?
human
red wolf
house cat
domestic dog
What is the most specific classification that humans and tigers have in common?
Kingdom
Order
Phylum
Class
This group of mushrooms, fungi, are growing up through the leaf litter on the forest floor. In any food chain, these fungi would be classified as ________ and they get their nutrients by
consumers; absorbing the nutrients from the soil.
producers; using the pigment in the caps to make food.
decomposers; breakdown the leaf litter and use the products as food.
parasites; living off of the dead leaf litter and using the organic matter as a food source.
During science class, students were instructed to develop a dichotomous key (a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world) in order to classify organisms into one of the six kingdoms of life. Ms. King, their teacher, provided them with this diagram. According to the diagram, the BEST way to separate all living things into two main groups would be to consider
method of reproduction.
consumer versus producer.
cell type, prokaryotic versus eukaryotic.
organization, unicellular versus multicellular.
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
All bacteria are pathogenic and harmful to humans.
All bacteria are beneficial to humans.
Bacteria severely disrupt homeostasis for the organism they inhabit.
Many bacteria are both beneficial and harmful.
How do microorganisms in the soil affect the soil's fertility?
They decompose the remains of plants and animals and add nutrients back to the soil.
They fix nitrogen in the soil making it difficult for plants to get this vital nutrient.
This sequence of images shows the stages in which an ecosystem undergoes succession. Analyze what is happening in each of the pictures. Choose ALL the statements that accurately portray succession of this ecosystem.
This shows primary succession because there is no existing soil in the beginning.
The pioneer species are most likely mosses and lichens with few soil requirements.
This shows secondary succession because there is no existing soil in the beginning.
Weathering and erosion break down the rock, allowing for the establishment of soil before seeds are able to germinate.
Compare and contrast primary and secondary succession of an ecosystem. What is the distinction between them?
Primary succession is the sequence of species that become established early in a newly colonized area, while secondary succession is the sequence of species that move in much later.
Primary succession is the establishment of a community in an area with no soil, while secondary succession is the establishment of a new community in an existing ecosystem that was disturbed by some catastrophic event.
This is an interdependent relationship between two different species.
(a)
This is an organism that relies on other organisms for its food and energy supply; also called a heterotroph.
(a)
This is an organism that breaks down and gains nutrients from dead organisms.
(a)
In the aquatic ecosystem shown, which organism would be considered a secondary consumer?
Pike
Perch
Mosquito larvae
Dragonfly larvae
If the producers in this aquatic food chain produce 50,000 kcal of energy, how much energy would the Perch have?
2,500kcal
25,000kcal
50kcal
500kcal
The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is composed of nitrogen gas. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many ecosystems. All organisms require nitrogen for the production of important biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. What is the BEST explanation of how nitrogen availability is facilitated by the simplest organism on Earth?
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change nitrogen gas into nitrites and nitrates. It is then put back into the soil for plants to absorb through their root system.
During storms, lightning fixes atmospheric nitrogen, which falls to Earth with precipitation. The nitrogen-containing water is absorbed by plants via root systems.
A process in the nitrogen cycle converts organic nitrogen, nitrogen contained in compounds in living organisms, into inorganic ammonia (NH3) or ammonium ions (NH4+). Additionally, organic matter, or humus is created. Humus is the dark organic matter that forms in soil when dead plant and animal matter decays and contains many nutrients that improve the health of soil, nitrogen being the most important. These processes take place due to
decomposition and the action of bacteria in the soil.
synthesis reactions and fungi and bacteria in the soil.
Which of the following would help decrease the amount of atmospheric CO2 in an area?
Increasing the number of livestock animals
Decreasing regulation limiting factory and transportation emissions
Increasing the number of photosynthetic plants
Depleting reservoirs of fossil fuels
If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere were to decrease, which organism in the diagram would be one of the first affected by this change?
hawks
wheat
locusts
molds
