WorksheetsAP Enviro Exam Review
Total questions: 197
Worksheet time: 3hrs 36mins
Design a year-long research project to investigate the impact of urban development on local biodiversity. Outline the key steps you would take, the data you would collect, and how you would analyze this data to draw conclusions about urbanization's effects on ecosystem services.
Collect data on plant species before and after urban development, analyze using simple statistical methods.
Conduct monthly biodiversity surveys, use GIS mapping to correlate changes with urban expansion, and apply multivariate analysis to assess impacts on ecosystem services.
Compare pre-development biodiversity with other urban areas using basic observational data.
Focus solely on the number of bird species present before and after development without further analysis.
Propose a detailed plan to evaluate the effectiveness of different water conservation techniques in agricultural practices over a three-year period. Include experimental design, types of data to be collected, and the statistical methods to be used for analysis.
Measure water usage only and compare before and after the implementation of conservation techniques.
Set up control and experimental groups using different conservation techniques, measure various parameters like water usage, crop yield, and soil moisture, and analyze data using ANOVA.
Observe general water usage trends in farms without implementing specific techniques.
Only focus on interviewing farmers about their subjective opinions on water conservation methods.
Develop a comprehensive plan to study the long-term effects of plastic pollution on marine ecosystems. Describe the methodologies you would use, the types of data you would gather, and how you would analyze these data to understand the impact on marine life and water quality.
Collect water samples at random and count visible plastic pieces.
Implement systematic sampling of water, sediment, and biota at multiple depths and locations, use spectroscopy for microplastic analysis, and model the impact on marine life using ecological statistics.
Only focus on interviewing beachgoers about their plastic usage.
Review literature on plastic pollution without conducting any new research.
Imagine you are tasked with assessing the carbon footprint of a small city. Develop a detailed plan that includes the sources of emissions you would investigate, the methodology for data collection, and the approach for analyzing and reporting the results.
Only calculate emissions from vehicles using rough estimates.
Analyze emissions from various sectors including transportation, industrial, residential, and waste management using carbon tracking software, and conduct community surveys to understand public awareness and behavior towards carbon reduction.
Focus solely on industrial emissions without considering other sources.
Use generic data from similar cities without any local measurements.
Create a detailed proposal for a study to determine the effects of deforestation on local climate over a decade. Include the hypothesis, variables to be measured, data collection techniques, and the statistical analysis plan.
Only observe changes in tree density.
Measure changes in tree density, soil composition, local temperature, and precipitation patterns, use satellite imagery for deforestation tracking, and apply time series analysis to correlate deforestation with climate variables.
Compare local climate to a different region that has not experienced deforestation.
Conduct a one-time survey of local wildlife without further analysis.
Which in the atmosphere protects us from harmful UV radiation?
Ozone
Water Vapor
Methane
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide
What results from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills?
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Water Vapor
Fluorinated Gases
Nitrous Oxide
These gases are typically emitted in smaller quantities, but because they are potent greenhouse gases, they are sometimes referred to as High Global Warming Potential gases ("High GWP gases").
Fluorinated Gases
Methane
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Water Vapor
Accounts for 81.6% of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities.
Water Vapor
Fluorinated Gases
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Pound for pound, the comparative impact of CH4 is more than ___ times greater than CO2 over a 100-year period.
10
15
25
50
100
______ is emitted to the atmosphere during the production, processing, storage, transmission, and distribution of natural gas.
Water Vapor
Fluorinated Gases
Nitrous Oxide
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
The primary source of CH4 emissions is _______.
Industry
Agriculture
Carbon Sinks
Fossil Fuels
Electricity
_______ is removed from the atmosphere when it is absorbed by certain types of bacteria or destroyed by ultraviolet radiation or chemical reactions.
Fluorinated Gases
Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Methane
HFCs, PFCs, NF3, SF6
Fluorinated Gases
Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Chlorofluorocarbons and HCFCs are being phased out under an international agreement, called the __________.
Paris Agreement
Kyoto Protocol
Montreal Protocol
Endangered Species Act
Overall, ______ emissions in the United States have increased by about 74 percent between 1990 and 2016.
Fluorinated Gases
Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrous Oxide
Methane
All of these gases remain in the atmosphere long enough to become well mixed, meaning that the amount that is measured in the atmosphere is roughly the same all over the _______, regardless of the source of the emissions.
country
state
world
city
In 2016 the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity was the largest single source of ____ emissions in the nation.
Water Vapor
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxides
Fluorinated Gases
Biomes are mainly determined by _____ and ____.
temperature
weather
precipitation
soil
rocks
What do you notice about this climate graph?
temperature is warm year round
temperature is cold year round
dry summers
most rain in the winter
What are some characteristics of deserts?
lots of trees
high average rainfall
low average rainfall
extreme temperature variations
grasslands
What are some characteristics of rainforests?
lots of trees
high year round temperature
high amount of rainfall
grasslands
low year round temperature
What are some characteristics of tundra?
permafrost
very cold, low average temperatures
lots of trees
small amount of plants
high amount of rainfall
What are some characteristics of a taiga/boreal forest?
coniferous trees
very cold
very hot
What are some characteristics of a temperate deciduous forest?
leaves change color in the fall
lots of trees
hot year round
low amount of rainfall
What are some characteristics of a temperate grassland/prairie?
lots of trees
grassland
flat
high temperatures year round
What are some characteristics of a tropical grassland/savanna?
warm temperatures
seasonal rainfall
lots of trees
grassland
low average temperature
True or False: The Clean Water Act (CWA) and The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) are the same thing.
True
False
Which of the following international treaties bans the hunting, capture, and sale of threatened or endangered species in 181 countries? CITES
Endangered Species Act (ESA)
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITIES)
National Enviornmental Policy Act (NEPA)
In the 1970s, the United States introduced the _________________________ which calls for a recovery plan to be created for each endangered species.
Resource consevation and Recovery Act
Clean Water Act
Endangered Species Act
Which act mandates the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters?
Safe Drinking Water Act
Clean Water Act
Toxic Substances Control Act
Which answer choice addresses the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion?
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
Endangered Species Act
National Environment Policy Act
Makes use of science, ethics, economics, and political process to solve environmental problems.
industrialization
environmental policy
environmental science
environmental Impact statement
Cradle-to-grave law for describes rules for the proper handling of hazardous and toxic waste
The EPA
Clean Air Act
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, RCRA
Recylcing Act
International law where countries agree to cut back on carbon emissions to curb climate change
Montreal Protocol
Kyoto Protocol
Stockholm Agreement
CITES
Environmental policy addresses all of the following issues EXCEPT __________.
air pollution
water pollution
natural disasters
overfishing
CERCLA ensures the removal or the regulation of hazardous waste?
Removal
Regulation
What does the Delaney Clause deal with?
Endangered Animals
Banning food preservatives
Natural Disasters
Hazardous Waste
What information about the Air Pollution Control Act is correct.
Choose more than one
This act authorized the Surgeon General to investigate complaints by state and local governments.
This act has no enforcement or standards set.
It is an act to make the nation more aware of this environmental hazard.
This act ientified air pollution as a natural problem and announced that research and additional steps to improve the situation needed to be taken.
It is defined as a group of plants, animals, or living organisms living together and interacting with the physical environment in which they live.
Biodiversity
Ecosystem
Ecology
Biology
It is the variety of all living things; the different plants, animals and microorganisms, the genetic information they contain and the ecosystems they form.
(a)
An official AP Exam review book is
used instead of a textbook for this course
not available for AP Psych
recommended in addition to the textbook
available for free online
Which is an effect of acid rain?
Asthma
Cleaner freshwater
Destroyed forests and trees
Increased manufacturing
Which describes "Private Lands"
Owned by the Government
Owned by an individual or a corporation
Which describes "Public Lands:
Owned by the Government
Owned by individual or a corporations
True or false. Biodegradable products break down without causing harm to the environment.
True
False
What is the main cause of Deforestation in Africa?
climate change
human activity
migratory animals
overgrazing
Which two energy sources together provide more than 50% of the energy needs of the United States?
hydropower and petroleum
petroleum and natural gas
nuclear and natural gas
natural gas and coal
In the food web diagram, what do the arrows represent?
Life Cycle
Metamorphosis
How food is produced by organisms
The flow of energy through an ecosystem
factors that affect a population depending on its size
- these include food, predation, parasitism, and disease
Density-Dependent factor
Density-Independent factors
Describes how many individuals of different ages make up a population
Age Structure
Age Layout
The youths collation
Age Spread
Which population has the greatest potential for rapid growth?
Populations with a large number of middle aged individuals
Older populations
Populations with large numbers of young offspring
None of these
We live in a desert. What type of biodiversity do we have here?
High biodiversity
Low biodiversity
Why did the white ones start to disappear?
The coal turned the white moths black
They are actually different species and the white ones went extinct
The white ones got a disease that the black ones didn't
Predators ate the white ones at a higher rate.
Which statement best describes an example of high biodiversity?
A pond ecosystem is populated by a single species of frogs
A state park that includes multiple forest and freshwater ecosystems with many different species of fish, birds and frogs in a variety of colors
A desert ecosystem is populated by organ pipe cacti, camels, and armadillo lizards
Soil is made of ---
weathered rocks and minerals.
dead plants and animals.
air and water.
all of the above
Humus is ---
the dead parts of plants and animals in soil.
A food we eat with pretzels.
The tiny particles inside of soil.
The roots that come off of a plant and live in soil.
Horizontal layers of soil are called ---
Soil profiles
Soil horizons
What are some soil conservation techniques that can be used to prevent soil erosion?
Using heavy machinery on the soil
Removing all vegetation from the area
Watering the soil excessively
Contour plowing, terracing, cover cropping, and planting windbreaks
What is El Nino and how does it impact global weather patterns?
El Nino is a type of dessert made with chocolate and vanilla, causing people to gain weight and impacting their health.
El Nino is a type of dance popular in South America, causing people to feel happier and impacting cultural events.
El Nino is a climate pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean, causing warmer water temperatures and impacting global weather patterns.
El Nino is a type of fish found in the Atlantic Ocean, causing colder water temperatures and impacting local weather patterns.
Describe the different layers of the atmosphere and their characteristics.
Hotosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Megalosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Hypersphere
What are the factors that contribute to the formation of soil horizons?
Latitude, longitude, and altitude
Population, economy, and technology
Color, texture, and smell
Climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time
Discuss the effects of El Nino on marine life and ecosystems.
El Nino can lead to changes in water temperature, nutrient availability, and food sources for marine organisms.
El Nino only affects land animals and has no impact on marine life
El Nino causes an increase in water temperature, nutrient availability, and food sources for marine organisms
El Nino has no effect on marine life and ecosystems
Explain the role of troposphere in regulating Earth's climate.
It is responsible for creating the ozone layer
It traps heat from the sun and maintains the planet's temperature.
It has no impact on Earth's climate
It causes extreme weather events
How does the stratosphere protect life on Earth from the sun's harmful UV radiation?
By reflecting the sun's harmful UV radiation back into space
By releasing a protective gas that neutralizes the sun's harmful UV radiation
By creating a barrier that physically blocks the sun's harmful UV radiation
By containing a layer of ozone that absorbs and blocks the sun's harmful UV radiation.
The land mass where all of the continents were once together in one large continent is called ________________.
Laurasia.
Pangaea.
Eurasia.
Gondwana.
Tectonic plates consist of
continental crust.
mesosphere.
both continental and oceanic crust.
oceanic crust.
The fact that similar fossils are found on both sides of the ocean is evidence of
magnetic reversal.
global positioning.
continental drift.
oceanic drift.
The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by
the rotation of the Earth.
convection currents in the Asthenosphere
the gravity of the iron-nickel core.
the Moho discontinuity.
Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that
the oceanic crust is melting.
the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust
volcanic islands are forming.
the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______
convection.
continental drift.
subduction.
conduction.
How fast the continents move?
3-4 inches per day
3-4 inches per week
3-4 inches per month
3-4 inches per year
What is common at convergent boundaries?
Valleys
Canyons
Mountains
Rivers
The wearing away or a change in the appearance or texture of something by long exposure.
Environmental Factors
Weathering
Organic Matter
Soil Horizon
Made of small fine soil particles & other organic matter. Plant roots, fungi, & earthworms live in the horizon. It is typically 2-10ft deep.
A Horizon
C Horizon
Bedrock
O horizon
B Horizon
Made of humus, clay, & minerals (iron/aluminum). Nothing grows here, typically red/brown color, & 10-30ft deep.
A Horizon
C Horizon
Bedrock
O horizon
B Horizon
Made of broken up rocks & parent material. Nothing lives in & it is typically 30-48ft deep.
A Horizon
C Horizon
Bedrock
O horizon
B Horizon
Made of solid rock & nothing lives in the layer
A Horizon
C Horizon
Bedrock
O horizon
B Horizon
The air we breathe is made mostly of:
argon
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
oxygen
How does the ozone layer benefit living things on the Earth.
We need it to breathe.
It keeps the Earth cool.
It is a source of rain.
It protects the Earth from ultraviolet rays.
Which layer of the Earth's atmosphere does most weather occur?
mesosphere
stratosphere
thermosphere
troposphere
What is the molecular formula for ozone?
O
O2
O3
Oz
One of the major ways oceans contribute to weather systems is that the oceans -
provide a diverse habitat for many organisms
store and transport the Sun's heat energy.
experience changes in amounts of dissolved salt.
reach depths that can be as much as 12,000 meters.
Which best describes this image
Convection Current
Conduction Current
Solar Cycle
Lunar Cycle
Cold air is denser than warm air, so it sinks. What kind of pressure area does this create?
Dense pressure
High pressure
Low pressure
No pressure
What is wind?
Large scale movement of air caused by differences in air pressure and temperature
Large scale movement of CO2 caused by differences in air pressure
Large scale movement of air caused by differences in temperature
Large scale movement of temperature caused by differences in air pressure
A geographical ridge, like a hill or mountain, that separates one watershed land area from another.
divide
tributary
river
aquifer
An area of land where the surface water and groundwater drain into a particular body of water
Watershed
Drainage Divide
Erosion
Aquifer
What season is happening in the Southern Hemisphere?
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
What season is happening in the Northern Hemisphere?
Summer
Fall
Winter
Spring
During a(n) ____ event, trade winds are much stronger than usual.
El Nino
La Nina
Normal
Partly sunny
Both El Nino and La Nina have this in common
Influence birds that migrate over the ocean
Influence rainy / dry weather world wide
The weather at the polar regions
The directions that ships travel in the oceans
During an El Nino, trade winds are typically...
about average
stronger
weaker
The image is of a(n):
El Nino event
La Nina event
Non-El Nino (normal conditions)
The picture below is of a(n) ____ event.
Non-El Nino (Normal)
El Nino
La Nina
La Niña is characterized by ______________ of the Western Pacific Ocean.
a warming
a cooling
average temperatures
Why do the fisherman of Peru and South America not welcome a strong El Nino?
El Nino poisons the fish
El Nino causes strong winds and currents which move fish westward
El Nino bring cold water to the surface which kills the base of the food chain
El Nino shuts off upwelling and nutrients needed for the marine food chain do not rise to the surface
What type of plate boundary is shown here?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
What type of plate boundary is shown here?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
What type of plate boundary is most likely to cause earthquakes?
Convergent
Subduction
Divergent
Transform
What is the ozone layer?
A layer of pollution
A layer of still air with no wind
A zone that absorbs UV radiation from the sun
A zone that absorbs air pollution
Which wind system is closest to the equator?
Doldrums
Westerlies
Polar easterlies
Trade winds
As altitude increases, what happens to temperature?
Temperature increases
Temperature decreases
Temperature does not change with altitude
Which gas is there the most of in the atmosphere?
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following items has the highest albedo?
Asphalt
Grass
Rooftops
Snow
Why does the Earth have seasons?
Tilt of the Earth on its axis
Earth's shape
Earth's rotation around the Sun
Earth's rotation on its own axis
Which month has the highest precipitation?
July
August
September
June
Which of the following is the largest carbon sink?
Atmosphere
Plants
Animals
Ocean
The surface of the earth, otherwise known as the ______, is broken into seven major pieces and sits atop a liquid layer called the _______
lithosphere, asthenosphere
astenosphere, mantle
crust, litosphere
asthenosphere, lithosphere
I. variation in the angle of sunlight that reaches Earth
II. variation in the amount of surface area over which the Sun's rays are distributed
III. variation in the amount of sunlight reflected from clouds
A divergent boundary occurs when plates ....
Pull apart
Come together
Slide past each other
subducting
Mountains are created when....
Two continental plates collide
Two oceanic plates pull apart
An Oceanic plate subducts under a Continental Plate
Two continental plates pull apart
The rate at which water flows through the soil is called soil percolation or ______.
Groundwater
Permeability
Soil Pores
Porosity
In which layer of the atmosphere do all the pressure, wind, and precipitation changes occur?
Outer space
stratosphere
troposphere
mesosphere
Sand
Gritty & Large
Silt
Silky & Medium
Clay
Sticky & Small
How can compatcion impact the growing enviroment of plants?
Reduce Porosity & Bulk Density
Makes water movement and plant growth easy
Makes water movement and plant growth hard
Increase Porosity & Bulk Density.
True or False: Soil traits, like water holding capacity and aeration, are affected by particle size.
True
False
True or False: Pore size and number depends on particle size.
True
False
Which type of soil would water move through more quickly?
Soil made of only large particles
Soil made of only small particles
Soil made of only medium size particles
Soil made of a mix of small and large particles
The mineral portion of a soil is composed of 30% clay, 30% silt, and 40% sand. What type of soil is this?
loam
sandy clay loam
silty clay loam
clay loam
The most biologically active region in the soil is the
B horizon
Bedrock
A horizon
C horizon
Which of the following has the soil components in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST
Sand, Silt, Clay
Clay, Sand, Silt
Silt, Clay Sand
Clay, Silt, Sand
Which option best explains organic matter's purpose in soil?
Available for plant uptake
provides nutrients via decomposition
allows gases, water, and organisms to travel through soil
Provides texture
Which of the following is NOT a reason soil is important?
Provide physical support to plants
Holds little to no water to prevent flooding
Holds water like a sponge and releases it as needed
Water is filtered
This statue was probably destroyed by _____.
True or false: chemical weathering causes rocks to change into new types of rocks.
What causes the unequal distribution of warm and cold water?
shifts in the Earth's orbit
prevailing wind patterns (Trade Winds)
changes in fishing patterns
changes in water density
What process is shown in this picture?
Upwelling
Downwelling
What effect does this process have on the fishing industry?
No effect
Positive effect- more fish available for harvest
Negative effect- few fish available for harvest
During a(n) ____ event, trade winds are much stronger than usual.
El Nino
La Nina
Normal
Partly sunny
During an El Nino, trade winds are typically...
about average
stronger
weaker
The picture represents a(n) ___ event.
El Nino
La Nina
Non-El Nino (normal conditions)
Hurricanes move in opposite directions in the northern and southern hemispheres due to ___________________.
El NIno
The Coriolis Effect
La Nina
upwelling
La Niña is characterized by ______________ of the Western Pacific Ocean.
a warming
a cooling
average temperatures
Which weather conditions are associated with El Nino?
increased temperature, increased precipitation
decreased temperature, increased precipitation
increased temperature, decreased precipitation
decreased temperature, decreased precipitation
During years of La Nina, which weather patterns are likely in Texas?
warm and wet
cold and wet
cold and dry
warm and dry
A normal convection current occurs when
Warm air gets trapped under cold air
Warm air rises and cooler air sinks
Cool air rises and warmer air sinks
Cool air rises with the warmer air
During a temperature inversion
Warm air gets trapped under cold air
Warm air rises and cooler air sinks
Cool air rises and warmer air sinks
Cool air gets trapped under warmer air
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows.
What temperature would you expect the air to be at number 2?
Warm
Cold
There’s no way of knowing from the diagram
Use the diagram above to answer the question that follows.
What temperature would you expect the air to be at numbers 1 and 3?
Warm
Cold
There’s no way of knowing from the diagram
During El Nino, what kind of winter would be expected in the Southern United States?
Warmer and drier than usual
Warmer and wetter than usual
Cooler and wetter than usual
Cooler and drier than usual
Which of the following oceans experiences a stronger hurricane season as a result of El Nina?
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
Pacific
Which of the following oceans experiences a stronger hurricane season as a result of El Nino?
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
Pacific
Why is upwelling important?
Upwelling regulates ocean temperature
Upwelling provides nutrient rich water that sustains life
Upwelling controls the tides
Upwelling helps sailors to navigate the seas
Regions closest to ________________ tend to have warmer year-round climates.
Forest Fires
South Pole
North Pole
the Equator
What are El Niño and La Niña known to affect?
Internet speeds globally
The temperature of the sun
Weather worldwide
Local fishing practices only
What phenomenon do scientists call the cycle of El Niño and La Niña?
The Pacific Ring of Fire
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle
The Atlantic Conveyor Belt
The Global Warming Cycle
How long do episodes of El Niño and La Niña typically last?
Two to five years
Three to six months
Nine to 12 months
One to three months
What does El Niño mean in Spanish?
The Little Girl
The Old Man
The Little Boy
The Warm Wave
During El Niño, what happens to the trade winds?
They weaken
They stop completely
They become stronger
They change direction
What is the effect of La Niña on the Pacific coast's marine life?
Decreases the marine life due to warmer waters
Increases the marine life due to colder, nutrient-rich waters
Only affects the migration patterns of marine mammals
Has no significant effect on marine life
What is another name for La Niña?
El Viejo
El Hijo
La Madre
El Hermano
How often do El Niño and La Niña events occur?
At random intervals, with no pattern
Every two to seven years, on average
Every year without fail
Once every decade
What is the typical peak time for El Niño?
Early spring
Around December
Late fall
In the middle of summer
What is the primary consequence of La Niña on weather patterns in the United States?
Increased snowfall in the tropical regions
No significant change in weather patterns
Colder and wetter conditions across the entire country
Warmer and drier conditions in the South
During normal condition trades wind blow (a)
(a) El Nino and La Nina typically last 12 months but can last longer.
(a) El Nino and La Nina events on a regular schedule.
During El Nino, trade winds weaken and warm water are push back (a) towards the west coast of the Americas.
________________ brings water from the depths to the surface; this water is cold and nutrient rich.
Jet Stream
Oscillation
Upwelling
Flooding
What vocabulary words matches " the movement back and forth at a regular speed"?
trade winds
oscillation
succession
temperature inversion
