WorksheetsKeystone Biology Review
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 3hrs 35mins
Some prokaryotic bacteria and certain eukaryotic microorganisms can survive in extremely salty environments. Which characteristic do these organisms most likely have in common?
the presence of a nervous system
the ability to maintain homeostasis
the ability to perform photosynthesis
the presence of a nuclear membrane
Which statement best compares the plasma membrane in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
The plasma membrane is a single layer of lipids in prokaryotes, but it is a bilayer in eukaryotes.
The plasma membrane in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes separates the cell from the external environment.
The plasma membrane is lined with ribosomes in prokaryotes, but it is lined with lipids in eukaryotes.
The plasma membrane in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contains chloroplasts for starch storage.
Use the chart below to answer the question. The chart shows some properties of the element carbon. Which property is most responsible for carbon’s ability to form complex biological macromolecules?
number of neutrons
number of protons
number of electrons
atomic masses of stable isotopes
Use the model below to answer the question. Refer to the Protein Formation Model which shows three steps of protein formation as demonstrated by a teacher to a science class. How can the steps in the model best be described?
In Step 1, amino acid monomers are present. In Step 2, the monomers are attached together to form a protein polymer. In Step 3, more amino acid monomers are added to the chain, making a larger protein.
In Step 1, nucleotide monomers are present. In Step 2, the monomers are attached together to form a protein polymer. In Step 3, more nucleotide monomers are added to the chain, making a larger protein.
In Step 1, amino acid polymers are present. In Step 2, the polymers are attached together to form a protein monomer. In Step 3, more amino acid polymers are added to the chain, making a larger protein.
In Step 1, nucleotide polymers are present. In Step 2, the polymers are attached together to form a protein monomer. In Step 3, more nucleotide polymers are added to the chain, making a larger protein.
Use the information below to answer the question. Student's Claim: Carbohydrates are complex compounds made of monosaccharides that function as data-storage molecules. A student made the claim shown. Which statement best explains whether the student’s claim is correct?
The student’s claim is correct because carbohydrates form DNA.
The student’s claim is correct because all complex molecules store data.
The student’s claim is incorrect because carbohydrates are simple compounds, not complex ones.
The student’s claim is incorrect because nucleic acids, not carbohydrates, are the data-storage molecules.
Use the graph labeled "Enzyme Reaction Rates" to determine which enzyme would most likely reach its maximum reaction rate in pure water.
Enzyme W
Enzyme X
Enzyme Y
Enzyme Z
Genetic mutations can cause chloroplasts in leaf cells to lack pigment and appear pale yellow. Which statement describes how a plant is most immediately affected by the presence of these genetic mutations?
The ability to absorb minerals is reduced.
The rate of ATP production by mitochondria increases.
The sensitivity to changes in air temperature increases.
The amount of light energy transformed into chemical energy is reduced.
Muscle cells have a comparatively large number of mitochondria. Which action does this characteristic allow muscle cells to accomplish?
A. rapidly release chemical energy for use
B. rapidly convert carbohydrates into lipids
C. reduce oxygen demand when releasing stored energy
D. reduce carbon dioxide production when releasing stored energy
Use the diagram titled "Two Types of Cell Transport" to answer the following question: Which pair of statements best compares the two types of cell transport shown in the diagram?
Type 1 does not require energy and molecules move with their concentration gradient. Type 2 requires energy and molecules can move against their concentration gradient.
Type 1 does not require energy and molecules can move against their concentration gradient. Type 2 requires energy and molecules move with their concentration gradient.
Type 1 requires energy and molecules move with their concentration gradient. Type 2 requires energy and molecules can move against their concentration gradient.
Type 1 does not require energy and molecules move with their concentration gradient. Type 2 does not require energy and molecules can move against their concentration gradient.
Which statement best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus within the cell?
It is the site where glucose is oxidized to produce energy.
It is the site where lipids and proteins are translated and folded.
It is the site where DNA and RNA are stored, maintained, and controlled.
It is the site where proteins are sorted, packaged, processed, and modified.
Which reaction helps maintain homeostasis when the body becomes dehydrated?
The skin starts to sweat
The muscles contract rapidly
The lungs exhale more frequently
The kidneys produce concentrated urine
According to the theory of endosymbiosis, free-living cyanobacteria moved into some eukaryote
cells millions of years ago and evolved into the chloroplasts of plant cells Which statement
correctly compares a cyanobacterium and a chloroplast?
Both have a cell wall
Both contain a nucleus
Both perform photosynthesis
Both are single-celled organisms
Which statement best contrasts the role of enzymes in thermophilic bacteria and the plants
living in Yellowstone National Park?
Enzymes of thermophilic bacteria store energy at higher sulfur concentrations than enzymes
of plants do
Enzymes of thermophilic bacteria catalyze biochemical reactions at higher temperatures
than enzymes of plants do
Enzymes of thermophilic bacteria control DNA replication in the nucleus at higher sulfur
concentrations than enzymes of plants do
Enzymes of thermophilic bacteria control the water moving into and out of the cell at higher
temperatures than enzymes of plants do
The model shows a biochemical reaction utilizing sucrase.
Explain the role of sucrase in the reaction shown
Digestion of food releases glucose into the intestine Epithelial cells lining the intestine move
glucose between the intestine and the blood. Moving glucose from the intestine into the
epithelial cell uses active transport (process 1), but moving glucose into the blood uses passive
transport (process 2)
Describe a similarity between process 1 and process 2
Which statement best describes how DNA replication results in the conservation of genetic
information?
Enzymes associated with DNA replication are used over and over by the cell
Each strand of DNA serves as a template for a new strand during DNA replication
Nucleic acids linked to sugars twist in a specific pattern following DNA replication
Random shuffling of DNA base pairs during DNA replication maintains the base pair ratios
Use the diagram below to answer the question.
The diagram shows structures that help determine the color of a certain flower Which list best
identifies the structures labeled X, Y, and Z in the diagram?
X: allele
Y: flower color gene
Z: chromosome
X: gene
Y: flower color allele
Z: chromosome
X: allele
Y: flower color chromosome
Z: strand of DNA
X: gene
Y: flower color allele
Z: strand of DNA
An individual of a plant species shows a certain physical characteristic that requires two copies
of the same allele to be expressed Based on this information, how would the allele for the
characteristic most likely be classified?
recessive
dominant
sex-linked
polygenic
What is one important result of chromosomal crossing-over during meiosis?
an increase in the likelihood of having gametes in offspring that are genetically the same as
their parents
an increase in the amount of genetic variation within a population that can improve its
ability to survive
a decrease in the number of chromosome pairs that can be passed from each parent to its
offspring
a decrease in the frequency of genetic mutations and a limit to the diversity of traits within a
species
Antibiotics are medicines that slow the growth of disease-causing bacteria One of the ways
that antibiotics work is by interfering with the normal functioning of bacterial ribosomes How
does this interference reduce the rate of bacterial reproduction?
by preventing the bacterial cell from synthesizing essential proteins
by increasing the rate at which bacterial cells go through the cell cycle
by blocking the bacterial cell’s access to nutrients from the host organism
by allowing harmful substances to enter the bacterial cell through its cell membrane
Use the diagram below to answer the question.
Which genetic mutation is shown in the diagram?
a point mutation caused by a base deletion
a point mutation caused by a base substitution
a frameshift mutation caused by a base insertion
a frameshift mutation caused by a base substitution
Use the diagram below to answer the question
The diagram shows several bacterial colonies that resulted when individual bacteria experienced
a mutation. Which statement best describes how these colonies could change the genotypic
makeup of future generations?
They could teach offspring to develop antibiotic resistance
They could prey upon bacteria that are not antibiotic resistant
They could pass on genes for antibiotic resistance to offspring
They could be consumed by bacteria that are not antibiotic resistant
Use the drawing below to answer the question.
This drawing is a reconstruction of the extinct dinosaur Archaeopteryx, based on fossil
evidence. Archaeopteryx had many birdlike structures, including wings and feathers. Which
principle of evolution does this reconstruction of Archaeopteryx support?
New types of organisms develop in stages from earlier organisms
Similar selection pressures will eventually yield similar adaptations
New types of organisms cannot develop until earlier organisms become extinct
All possible adaptations appear repeatedly by chance over a long enough timeline
Use the chart below to answer the question.
Students presented the statements shown in the chart . Which student’s statement would best
be characterized as a scientific theory?
student W
student X
student Y
student Z
Use the diagram below to answer the question.
The diagram shows part of a river ecosystem . Which statement best describes a relationship
between a biotic part and an abiotic part of this ecosystem?
The rain erodes the rock
The river moves water into the lake
the grasses use energy from the sun to grow
the grasses provide a food source for the deer
Hummingbirds are the smallest warm-blooded animals on Earth . They get their name from the sound
made by flapping their wings, which they can do 10 to 80 times per second . Hummingbirds are the
only birds that can hover and fly backward . Nectar from flowers and small flying insects are their
primary sources of food . Their nests are often preyed upon by larger birds, snakes, and mammals,
while adult hummingbirds are prey to cats, larger birds, frogs, spiders, and praying mantises .
Hummingbirds have the highest metabolic rate of any vertebrate and the highest rate of energy
consumption of any animal . Their hearts can beat 1,200 times per minute . Hummingbirds have to
constantly eat due to their high energy requirements . Many hummingbirds go into torpor, a
hibernation-like sleep, at night so they do not starve . During torpor, their heart rate drops to
between 50 and 180 beats per minute .
Today, hummingbirds live only in North and South America . The oldest hummingbird fossils that have
been found are from southern Germany in Europe . The fossils are about 30 million years old . Based
on fossil evidence, it is thought that hummingbirds diverged from a related group of small-sized
birds that lived in Europe and Asia about 42 million years ago . About 22 million years ago, the
common ancestor of hummingbirds migrated to North and South America . Today, there are 338
hummingbird species, which are divided into nine groups, based on differences in size, shape,
habitat, and feeding method . Different hummingbird species utilize different niches .
Bright-colored feathers, body decorations, courtship displays, and complex calls are evidence that
sexual selection has played a part in hummingbird evolution . Hummingbirds are still developing
into new species . One scientist
hypothesizes that the number of hummingbird species could double in the next several million years.
Which factor would most likely contribute to the development of new hummingbird species?
having the ability to hover
having a common ancestor
having a high rate of metabolism
having different courtship displays
A student is observing a cell under a microscope . The cell is growing, but its genetic material
has not begun to replicate nor is the cell preparing for division . The student is referencing a
model of the cell cycle while observing the cell .
Identify the numbered area of the model that represents the student’s
observations .
A student is observing a cell under a microscope . The cell is growing, but its genetic material
has not begun to replicate nor is the cell preparing for division . The student is referencing a
model of the cell cycle while observing the cell .
Describe two events that must take place during interphase before the cell
can enter mitosis .
A simplified aquatic energy pyramid is shown . It shows the flow of energy transferred in over a
year within an aquatic community .
Identify the primary consumer in this community here: (a)
A simplified aquatic energy pyramid is shown . It shows the flow of energy transferred in over a
year within an aquatic community .
If the small fish receive 600 kJ/m2 energy from consuming the zooplankton, how much energy is transfered to the large fish? Answer: (a)
