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Физика 202-303

Total questions: 101

Worksheet time: 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How will the root mean square speed of nitrogen molecules change if the temperature of the gas increases 4 times?

a)

will decrease by 2 times

b)

will decrease by 4 times

c)

will increase 4 times

d)

will increase 2 times

e)

will not change

2.

What causes Brownian motion?

a)

collision of molecules of a liquid (or gas) with particles suspended in it

b)

collision of particles suspended in a liquid (or gas)

c)

collision of liquid (or gas) molecules with each other

d)

thermal movement of liquid particles

e)

none of the above reasons

3.

A vessel with a capacity of 0.83 m^3 contains helium. Gas mass 0.16 kg. At what temperature does helium exert a pressure of 60 kPa on the walls of the vessel?

a)

Т= 300К

b)

Т=300⁰С

c)

Т=150⁰С

d)

Т= 150 К

e)

Т= 2,4•10^3 К

4.

Estimate approximately the mass of 1 m^3 of air at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature 300 K. Select from the values below the closest to the result you obtained.

a)

1 g

b)

10 kg

c)

1 kg

d)

100 g

e)

10 g

5.

If a gas is under normal conditions, then its pressure and temperature are equal:

a)

Р= 0 Pa, t=0⁰ C

b)

Р= 0, Т= 273 К

c)

Р=10^5 Pa, Т= 0 К

d)

Р= 100 kPa, Т= 273 К

e)

Р= 1 atm, temperature could be any

6.

The mean square speed of molecules of a certain gas in the first vessel is 3 times greater than the mean square speed of molecules of the same gas in the second vessel. What is the ratio of gas densities in the first and second vessels if the gas pressure is the same?

a)

1/3

b)

9

c)

1/9

d)

1

e)

3

7.

How many degrees of freedom does a diatomic gas molecule have?

a)

could be any;

b)

i = 5

c)

i = 3

d)

i = 6

e)

i = 7

8.

When an ideal gas was heated, the mean square speed of thermal motion of molecules increased 4 times. How did the absolute temperature of the gas change?

a)

increased 16 times

b)

increased 2 times

c)

increased 12 times

d)

increased 4 times

e)

increased 8 times

9.

Which of the following formulas is the basic equation of the molecular kinetic theory of an ideal gas?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

10.

During isobaric heating, an ideal gas is transferred from state 1 to state 2. How did the gas pressure change? The mass of the gas is constant.

a)

has not changed.

b)

decreased.

c)

increased.

d)

you need to know the mass of the gas.

e)

there may be different answers for different gases.

11.

The internal energy of a gas consists of Eₖ - the total kinetic energy of the molecules and Eₚ - the potential energy of their interaction. At what ratio between Eₖ and Eₚ can the state of a gas be described by the Mendeleev-Claiperon equation?

a)

Eₖ =0, Eₚ≠0

b)

Eₖ = Eₚ

c)

Eₖ≠0, Eₚ =0

d)

Eₖ> 0 and Eₚ >0

e)

Eₖ=0 and EₚП<0

12.

Determine the number of degrees of freedom of oxygen molecules (O₂).

a)

5

b)

3

c)

6

d)

9

e)

1

13.

What formula is used to determine the average number of collisions of a molecule in 1 s?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

14.

Give the adiabatic equation.

a)

рV =RT

b)

рV=const

c)

рV^ɣ=const

d)

р/V=const

e)

V/T=const

15.

The graph shows the process of cooling a given mass of gas from T₁ to T₂. How did the gas density change in this process?

a)

increased

b)

has not changed

c)

increased twice

d)

decreased

e)

halved

16.

Indicate the formula for an isochoric process

a)

PV = const

b)

V/T=const

c)

PV/T=const

d)

P/T=const

e)

P/V=const

17.

At a temperature of 27°C, the gas pressure in a closed vessel was 75 kPa. What will its pressure be at temperature t C 0 = −13 ?

a)

15 kPa

b)

5 kPa

c)

20 kPa

d)

35 kPa

e)

65 kPa

18.

One mole is the SI unit of measurement...

a)

mass of matter

b)

amount of substance

c)

molar mass of a substance

d)

molecule mass

e)

relative molecular weight

19.

What is the ratio of the root mean square velocities of hydrogen and oxygen molecules at the same temperature? The molar mass of hydrogen is 2x10^-3 kg/mol, oxygen 32x10^-3 kg/mol.

a)

1

b)

32

c)

16

d)

4

e)

2

20.

What is the average kinetic energy of one water molecule?

a)

1/2кТ

b)

2кТ

c)

1кТ

d)

6кТ

e)

3кТ

21.

Which formula determines the value of the root-mean-square velocity of translational motion of particles of a monatomic gas?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

22.

An ideal gas at temperature T₀ had a pressure P₀. With a constant mass, the temperature of the gas at a constant volume was increased by 1.5 times. How did the gas pressure change?

a)

P=P0

b)

P=3/2P0

c)

P=4/9P0

d)

P=2/3P0

e)

P=9/4P0

23.

The internal energy of an ideal gas is:

a)

kinetic energy of chaotic movement of gas molecules

b)

internal energy

c)

work in a loop

d)

kinetic energy of gas movement together with the vessel

e)

potential energy of interaction of molecules

24.

Entropy of a closed system performing a reversible Carnot cycle:

a)

does not change

b)

decreases and increases

c)

the change can be anything

d)

decreases

e)

increases

25.

The working fluid of an ideal heat engine received 50 kJ of energy from the heater at a temperature of 527°C. Determine the efficiency of the engine and the amount heat transferred to the refrigerator if its temperature is 0°C.

a)

66%, 17 kJ

b)

62,5%, 18,75 kJ

c)

56%, 22 kJ

d)

62,5%, 31,25 kJ

e)

61%, 17 kJ

26.

A heat engine receives 100 J of heat from the heater per cycle and transfers 60 J to the refrigerator. What is the efficiency of the machine?

a)

40%

b)

60%

c)

~67%

d)

16%

e)

25%

27.

In which process there is no work done by the gas?

a)

isochoric

b)

isothermal

c)

adiabatic

d)

polytropic

e)

isobaric

28.

Entropy and thermodynamic probability are related by the formula:

a)

ΔS = R*lnW

b)

S = R*lnW

c)

S = k ln( ΔW )

d)

S = k*lnW

e)

ΔS = k*lnW

29.

During what process is the work done by the gas equal to the loss of its internal energy?

a)

isochoric

b)

isobaric

c)

adiabatic

d)

isothermal

e)

such a process is not possible

30.

Is heat transfer from a cold body to a hot body possible?

a)

possible by doing work

b)

possible due to further cooling of the cold body

c)

impossible under any circumstances

d)

it depends on the process

e)

possible only in a heat engine

31.

Diffusion coefficient D of hydrogen under normal conditions, if the mean free path is 𝑙 = 0.16 ∙ 10−6 𝑚 equal to:

a)

9.7 ∙ 10^−4 𝑚^2/S

b)

9.8 ∙ 10^−4 m^2/S

c)

8 ∙ 10^−3 𝑚^2/S

d)

500 𝑚^2/S

e)

9.1 ∙ 10^−5 𝑚^2/S

32.

When isobarically heating a certain mass of oxygen O₂ on 200K, 25 kJ work is done to increase its volume. The molar mass of oxygen and the universal gas constant are equal, respectively: . The mass of oxygen is equal to:

a)

0.90 kg

b)

0.491 kg

c)

0.481 kg

d)

0,520 kg

e)

8.1 kg

33.

The gas increased isobarically to three times its volume at pressure 3∙10^5 kPa . To increase its volume it was necessary to do work of 12.9 kJ. The initial volume of gas is:

a)

400м^3

b)

3,14*10^3 м^3

c)

0.85м^3

d)

2,56*10^-2м^3

e)

2,15*10^-2м^3

34.

The resistance force F acting from the fluid flow on a ball slowly moving in it is equal to:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

35.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity is numerically equal to...

a)

the amount of heat transferred per unit time

b)

the amount of heat transferred through a unit area

c)

the amount of heat transferred per unit time at a unit value of the temperature gradient

d)

the amount of heat transferred per unit time through a unit area at a unit value of the temperature gradient

e)

unit

36.

The diffusion equation is: (S – arbitrary area)

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

37.

The force of internal friction is:

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

38.

Refrigerator:

a)

turns heat into cold

b)

produces cold

c)

dissipates heat

d)

A refrigeration machine is a type of heat engine

e)

takes heat from the working volume and dissipates it in the surrounding space

39.

The change in internal energy...

a)

does not depend in any way on the type of process and is determined by the initial and final states of the gas

b)

depending on the type of heat exchange

c)

depends on the type of function P= f(V)

d)

depends on changes in the volume occupied by gas

e)

depending on the type of process performed by the gas

40.

An ideal heat engine transfers 30% of the heat received from the heater to the refrigerator. Find the temperature of the refrigerator if the heater temperature is 27°C

a)

210 К

b)

281 К

c)

483 К

d)

292 К

e)

–183⁰ С

41.

Indicate a method for determining the ratio of heat capacities at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume.

a)

Clément-Desormes method.

b)

In Newton's experiments.

c)

In Perrin's experiments

d)

Stokes method.

e)

Fourier method

42.

Indicate the method for determining the viscosity of liquids.

a)

Stokes method.

b)

Fourier method

c)

In Perrin's experiments.

d)

In Newton's experiments.

e)

Clément-Desormes method.

43.

What processes are used in the Clément-Desormes method to determine the ratio of the heat capacities of gases?

a)

Isochoric and isobaric.

b)

Isochoric and adiabatic.

c)

Isochoric and isothermal.

d)

Isobaric and adiabatic

e)

Isobaric and isothermal

44.

Indicate the formulation of the first law of thermodynamics.

a)

The amount of heat transferred to the system is used to perform work against external forces and change the internal energy of the system.

b)

A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is impossible.

c)

Irreversible processes in closed systems occur with increasing entropy.

d)

In a closed Carnot cycle, processes occur at constant entropy.

e)

The process of spontaneous transfer of heat from a cold body to a hot one is impossible.

45.

Indicate the statement of the second law of thermodynamics.

a)

A perpetual motion machine of the first kind is impossible.

b)

In a closed Carnot cycle, processes occur at constant entropy.

c)

When work is done on the system, heat transfer from a cold body to a hot

d)

A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is impossible.

e)

In open systems, entropy can either increase or decrease

46.

Specify the definition of a reversible process

a)

A closed cycle flowing clockwise when depicted on the diagram.

b)

A process in which a system, after going through a series of states, returns to its original state.

c)

Any nonequilibrium process.

d)

Process at constant temperature.

e)

The process occurs in both forward and reverse directions without changes in the environment.

47.

What work is done by 1 mole of an ideal gas when heated by 1 K at constant volume?

a)

8.31 J/mol∙K

b)

No work is done.

c)

1.38*10^-23 J/K

d)

Depends on volume changes.

e)

Depends on heat capacity.

48.

Which part of the Carnot cycle describes an adiabatic process?

a)

1

b)

1 and 2

c)

3

d)

1 and 3

e)

2 and 4

49.

What is the work done by the gas during the transition from state 1 to 2?

a)

0 J

b)

600 J

c)

400 J

d)

200 J

e)

100 J

50.

Which part of the Carnot cycle describes an isothermal process?

a)

1 and 3

b)

2 and 4

c)

4 and 3

d)

4

e)

2

51.

Give a formula expressing the first law of thermodynamics.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

52.

During isothermal expansion, an ideal gas does work A=20 J. How much will the internal energy of the gas change?

a)

0 J

b)

20 J

c)

10 J

d)

15 J

e)

5 J

53.

Indicate the first law of thermodynamics for an isochoric process.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

54.

Which process diagram is shown in the figure?

a)

isotherms.

b)

isochores

c)

isobars

d)

adiabats.

e)

polytropes

55.

During the Carnot cycle, the working substance receives 300 kJ of heat from the heater. The heater temperature is 450 K, the refrigerator temperature is 270 K. Determine the useful work per cycle.

a)

120 kJ

b)

90 kJ

c)

240 kJ

d)

180 kJ

e)

300 kJ

56.

What processes do graphs 1-2, 2-3, 3-1 correspond to?

a)

isochoric, isobaric, isothermal

b)

isochoric, isothermal, isobaric

c)

does not match any processes

d)

isobaric, isochoric, isothermal

e)

isothermal, isobaric, isochoric

57.

What should be the temperature of the heater of an ideal heat engine with an efficiency of 80% if the temperature of the refrigerator is 27°C?

a)

T1 =T2 /(1−) =1500K

b)

T1 =T2 / = 375K

c)

T1 =T2 /(1+) = 375K

d)

T1 =T2 /(1−) =1200K

e)

T1 =T2 /(1+) =135K

58.

What is the temperature at which the differences in physical properties between a liquid and its saturated vapor disappear?critical temperature

a)

critical temperature

b)

absolute temperature

c)

normal temperature

d)

boiling point

e)

Curie temperature

59.

The point in the phase diagram at which the solid, liquid and gaseous phases of a substance are in equilibrium is called....

a)

triple dot

b)

melting point

c)

boiling point

d)

critical point

e)

Curie point

60.

Which of the quantities included in the van der Waals equation: (p+a/V^2)*(V-b)=RT determines the intrinsic volume of all molecules of a real gas contained in one mole of gas?

a)

а

b)

R

c)

Р

d)

V

e)

b

61.

The van der Waals equation describes...

a)

state of real gas

b)

ideal gas state

c)

internal energy of real gas

d)

isothermal process in an ideal gas

e)

adiabatic process in an ideal gas

62.

What is the state of a liquid heated above its boiling point called?

a)

metastable

b)

equilibrium

c)

critical

d)

stable

e)

transitional

63.

Give a formula expressing the van der Waals equation for one mole of a real gas.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

64.

Which transport phenomenon is caused by the transfer of momentum from one layer of gas to another?

a)

viscous friction

b)

evaporation

c)

crystallization

d)

thermal conductivity

e)

diffusion

65.

Which of the following phenomena is explained by diffusion?

a)

spread of odors.

b)

tea from an aluminum mug burns your lips, but the same tea from a porcelain cup does not burn.

c)

water cycle in nature.

d)

copper release during electrolysis.

e)

the room becomes warm from the switched on radiator.

66.

The figure shows the profile of a wave at a certain point in time. What is its wavelength?

a)

0,2 m

b)

4 m

c)

1 m

d)

12 m

e)

0.4 m

67.

What is the wavelength?

a)

20 m

b)

25 m

c)

10 m

d)

15 m

e)

5 m

68.

What is the speed of propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a vacuum?

a)

3*10^3 m/s

b)

3*10^8 m/s

c)

3*10^6 m/s

d)

300m/s

e)

30m/s

69.

The oscillation frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz. What is the cyclic frequency of current oscillations?

a)

628 rad/s

b)

314 rad/s

c)

50 rad/s

d)

200 rad/s

e)

100 rad/s

70.

Provide an expression for the wavenumber

a)

b)

k = 2π/λ

c)

d)

e)

71.

The equation of the electromagnetic wave E=7cos(4pi*10^6t+pi/2*x) V/m is given. What is the period of oscillation?

a)

0,5 μs

b)

1 μs

c)

7 μs

d)

12,56 μs

e)

157 μs

72.

A standing wave is the result:

a)

interference of waves.

b)

wave diffraction.

c)

transfer of energy by waves.

d)

propagation of vibrations in space.

e)

addition of waves of different frequencies.

73.

Plane wave equation...

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

74.

How will the wavelength change when the oscillation period of the source is reduced by a factor of 2?

a)

will increase 4 times

b)

will decrease by 2 times

c)

will not change

d)

will increase 2 times

e)

will decrease by 4 times

75.

The distance between the four crests of a traveling wave is 12 m. What is the wavelength?

a)

6 m

b)

2 m

c)

12 m

d)

4 m

e)

3 m

76.

The distance between two adjacent points of a wave oscillating in the same phase is called...

a)

wavelength

b)

amplitude

c)

wave speed

d)

wave displacement

e)

period

77.

The geometric location of points oscillating in the same phase is called...

a)

wave surface

b)

wave speed

c)

amplitude

d)

wave number

e)

wave displacement

78.

Specify the illumination unit.

a)

lx

b)

lm/m^2

c)

lm

d)

W

e)

cd

79.

How is optical path length determined?

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

80.

Provide an expression for the refractive index of the medium.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

81.

Under what condition is complete reflection observed?

a)

none of the answers is correct

b)

when light falls from a medium that is optically denser to a medium that is optically less dense;

c)

if the angle of incidence and angle of reflection are equal;

d)

when light falls from a medium that is optically less dense into a medium that is optically denser;

e)

if there is no interface between the media;

82.

Specify the units of measurement for optical power of the lens

a)

dpt

b)

A

c)

lx

d)

lm

e)

cd

83.

The length of optical path of a light wave passing through a layer of water 2 mm thick is 2.66 mm. Find the refractive index of water.

a)

1,33

b)

2,33

c)

2,0

d)

1,0

e)

3,0

84.

Give the formula for the optical power of a lens.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

85.

Specify the luminosity unit.

a)

cd

b)

lm

c)

lx

d)

W

e)

lm/m^2

86.

Compare the speed of propagation of red and violet rays in a vacuum.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

87.

Specify the necessary condition for wave interference.

a)

wave coherence

b)

non-coherence of waves

c)

none of the answers is correct

d)

not monochromatic waves

e)

presence of only light wave

88.

Light of wavelength 0.5 µm is normally incident on a diffraction grating. The grating period is 2 µm. What is the highest order of the spectrum that can be observed using this grating?

a)

4

b)

2

c)

5

d)

6

e)

3

89.

If a plane wave falls on an obstacle, and the diffraction pattern is observed on a screen located in the focal plane of a collecting lens installed in the path of light passing through the obstacle, then this is:

a)

Fraunhofer diffraction

b)

Fresnel diffraction

c)

diffraction by a spatial grating

d)

light polarization

e)

light dispersion

90.

Specify Malus's law

a)

I = I₀(cosα)^2

b)

tg 𝑖𝐵𝑟 = 𝑛21

c)

1/a+1/b=1/f

d)

F=quBsina

e)

sini/sinb=n21

91.

Compare the speed of propagation of red and violet rays in water

a)

vкр>vф

b)

vкр<vф

c)

vкр=vф

d)

ответ неоднозначен

92.

A device that converts natural light into plane-polarized light is called:

a)

polarizer

b)

ammeter

c)

diffraction grating

d)

interferometer

e)

spectrometer

93.

The radio transmitter of the “Vostok” satellite ship operated at a frequency of 20 MHz. What is the wavelength it emitted. (c = 3 * 10^8 m/s)

a)

15 m

b)

2/ 30 m

c)

0,15 m

d)

3/2 m

e)

2/3 m

94.

Waves propagate in an elastic medium with speed V = 100 m/s. The distance between the two closest points of the medium, the oscillation phases of which are opposite, is 1 m. Determine the oscillation frequency.

a)

50 Hz

b)

100 Hz

c)

20 Hz

d)

10 Hz

e)

5 Hz

95.

A spherical wave from a point source propagates in a medium without absorption and at a distance of 1 m from the source has an amplitude of 10^-8 m. What is the amplitude of the wave at a distance of 10^-3 m from the source?

a)

10^-5 м

b)

10^-11 м

c)

10^-7 м

d)

10^-8 м

e)

10^-10 м

96.

In what period of time will a sound wave travel a distance of 7.7 km in water if the wavelength is 7 m and the vibration frequency is 220 Hz?

a)

49 s

b)

10 s

c)

5 s

d)

11 s

e)

22 s

97.

Wave equation S=8cos(20pit+2pix) (m) is given. How long does it take for a wave to travel a distance equal to the wavelength?

a)

0,1 s

b)

1 s

c)

20π s

d)

8 s

e)

2π s

98.

The wave equation S=2sin(2pit-pi/2x) is: m. What is the phase speed of the wave?

a)

4 m/s

b)

2 m/s

c)

2π m/s

d)

π m/s

e)

0.5 m/s

99.

Determine the length of the segment l1 on which the same number of wavelengths of monochromatic light fit in a vacuum as they fit on a segment l2= 5 mm in glass. The refractive index of glass is 1.5.

a)

7,5 mm

b)

4,5 mm

c)

3,5 mm

d)

6,5 mm

e)

5,5 mm

100.

The max angle of total reflection when light passes from an unknown medium into air is 30⁰. Determine the refractive index of this medium.

a)

2.2

b)

2.0

c)

1.0

d)
2.5
e)

1.5

101.

How will the angle between the incident on flat mirror and reflected rays change when the angle of incidence decreases by 5⁰?

a)

will increase by 10⁰

b)

will increase by 5⁰

c)

will decrease by 10⁰

d)

will decrease by 5⁰

e)

will decrease by 2.5⁰

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