a one-dimensional coordinate system used to express the metric distance of a point above a reference surface.

Geopotential number is constant for the geopotential (level) surface

Dynamic heights are NOT constant for the level surface and have no geometric meaning

Orthometric heights differ for points on the same level surface because the level surfaces are not ……..................

They are measured along the curved plumb line with respect to geoid level.

All types of heights (normal, orthometric, and dynamic) are derived from geopotential numbers

Geopotential number is a measure of the gravitational potential energy per unit mass at a point in a gravitational field.

An ellipsoid that fits the geoid very well in a certain country does necessarily fit in other country.

All the angles observed by a theodolite are measured when it is leveled in such a way that ..........................................................

The replacement of the actual, the corresponding ellipsoidal one knows observations by the fictitious ones, ellipsoidal, is known as ...................................

In three-dimensional geodesy: The network is adjusted in a two-dimensional frame consisting of latitudes and longitudes coordinate system defined on the surface of the reference ellipsoid

combining the horizontal and vertical adjustment of the network in one adjustment process

At laplace's station, geodetic cooridnates must be oberved.

In the horizon system of coordinates, the position of a star is uniquely specified by its azimuth and either its ..................

In the shown figure, angle denoted by RA refers to ......................

Astronomically determined azimuths provide orientation for terrestrial networks

On ..................................., All points 90° away from zenith.

The Sun’s apparent path around the celestial sphere

......................... occur when the Sun’s path on ecliptic crosses the celestial equator