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Worksheets8th Grade Science Final Exam
Total questions: 80
Worksheet time: 40mins
What percent of our atmosphere is made up of gases other than oxygen and nitrogen?
5%
1%
10%
2%
Which of the following describes an example of the atmosphere acting as a system?
its layered structure
global wind patterns
its composition
deep ocean currents
The less mass in a given volume of air, the
more the air weighs.
greater the air pressure.
more dense the air
less dense the air.
Instruments used to measure air pressure are called
thermometers.
hygrometers.
hydrometers.
barometers.
As you rise upwards in the atmosphere, air pressure
increases.
decreases.
doesn't change.
first increases, then decreases.
The layer of our atmosphere in which weather occurs is the
troposphere.
stratosphere.
mesosphere.
exosphere.
The greenhouse effect is
the absorption of energy by clouds.
a gradual increase in the temperature of the atmosphere.
the reflection of solar energy into the atmosphere.
the process by which gases hold heat in the atmosphere,
Cool air tends to
be less dense and flow over warm air.
be lifted up by more dense warm air.
be more dense and flow under warm air.
mix easily with warm air masses.
Earth's rotation makes global winds curve. This is called the
convection effect.
global effect.
Coriolis effect.
rotational effect.
Ozone is
a form of oxygen with three oxygen atoms in each molecule.
a form of nitrogen with three nitrogen atoms in each molecule.
a form of oxygen with two oxygen atoms in each molecule.
a form of nitrogen with two nitrogen atoms in each molecule.
The lowest and shallowest layer of the atmosphere is the
troposphere.
stratosphere.
mesosphere.
thermosphere.
The ozone layer is found in the
troposphere.
stratosphere.
mesosphere.
thermosphere.
The ozone layer protects living things on Earth from
visible light.
infrared rays.
ultraviolet radiation.
carbon dioxide.
Which layer of the atmosphere protects Earth's surface from being hit by most meteoroids?
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
The prevailing westerlies, the major wind belts over the continental United States, generally push air masses from
east to west.
west to east.
north to south.
south to north
How does the temperature of the air change as you go higher in the troposphere?
It decreases.
It fluctuates.
It increases.
It stays constant.
In which of the layers of Earth's atmosphere is the ozone layer found?
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Exosphere
What process transfers heat by the movement of a fluid?
Radiation
convection
conduction
thermal transfer
Which of the atmosphere's four main layers contains both the ionosphere and exosphere?
The mesosphere
The stratosphere
The thermosphere
The troposphere
The ____ is the envelope of _____ that surrounds Earth.
atmosphere; clouds
atmosphere; gases
weather; clouds
weather; gases
What is the difference between wet air and dry air?
Dry air is warmer than wet air.
Dry air contains no water vapor, while wet air does.
Dry air can form clouds, while wet air cannot.
Dry air contains particles of dust and smoke, while wet air doesn't.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a mercury barometer, but not of an anaeroid barometer?
It measures air pressure.
It contains an airtight metal chamber.
It relies on a liquid to obtain a measurement.
Its measurements are displayed on a dial.
What units does an anaeroid barometer use to measure air pressure!
Millibars
inches of mercury
Inches of mercury per milibar
none of the above
Which of the following statements is true?
As altitude increases, air density increases.
As altitude increases, air pressure increases.
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.
None of the above
Beginning with the closest to Earth's surface, what is the order of the layers of the atmosphere?
Stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, troposphere
Thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere
Troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
What would the temperature in the thermosphere feel like to a person there? Explain.
Hot, because the thermosphere is the closest layer of the atmosphere to the sun.
Warm, because the thermosphere is at a low elevation.
Cold, because molecules there are far apart and would rarely collide to warm a person
It depends on which layer of the thermosphere that person is in.
What happens to most of the sunlight that reaches Earth?
It is absorbed by land and water.
It is reflected by the atmosphere.
It is reflected by land and water.
It is absorbed by the atmosphere.
About what percentage of incoming sunlight is reflected by clouds, dust, and gases in the atmosphere?
5 percent
25 percent
50 percent
90 percent
How might Earth be different without the greenhouse effect?
Average temperatures would increase.
Average temperatures would decrease.
Average temperatures would not change.
Average temperatures would vary over time.
Is convection or conduction more important in the troposphere? Explain.
Conduction, because it uses electromagnetic waves to transfer heat.
Conduction, because it can transfer heat more quickly than convection.
Convection, because it doesn't require a medium to travel through.
Convection, because it transfers heat in gases like the air well
How is wind related to air pressure and temperature?
Differences in temperature cause convection currents.
Differences in air pressure cause the air to move.
Differences in temperature cause differences in air pressure.
All of the above
What causes local winds?
The Coriolis effect
Unequal heating of Earth's surface in a small area
The heating of Earth's surface at the equator
Air moving from the poles toward the equator
What is a global wind?
A wind blowing over a large area
Warm winds that blow over short distances
Cool air that blows from the sea onto land during the day
An area of calm between 30° north and 30° south latitude
In which global wind belt would you experience the least amount of wind?
Doldrums
Horse latitudes
Prevailing westerlies
Polar easterlies
What form of heat transfer is responsible for global winds and ocean currents?
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Absorption
Scientists divide Earth's atmosphere into four main layers based primarily on a single characteristic. which of the following tools would be most useful in measuring this characteristic?
Anemometer
Barometer
Psychrometer
Thermometer
What makes the atmosphere a system?
It requires energy, which it gets from the sun.
There is interaction with the oceans and land.
It has multiple layers with different characteristics.
One part of the atmosphere affects other parts of it.
Which of the following are properties of air?
Air pressure
Density
Mass
All of the above
The four main layers of the atmosphere are classified according to
changes in air pressure.
changes in temperature.
composition of gases.
All of the above
How does energy from the sun travel to Earth?
As visible light
As infrared radiation
As ultraviolet radiation
All of the above
Which of the following statements is true about thermal energy?
It is a measure of the average energy of motion of all particles in a substance.
It is a measure of the average energy of motion of each particle in a substance.
It is a measure of the total energy of all the particles in a substance.
It is a measure of the total energy of each particle in a substance.
Which statement describes global winds but not local winds?
They occur over a large area of Earth's surface.
They are caused by unequal heating of Earth's surface.
They occur when cool air moves close to Earth's surface.
They occur when hot air rises and moves up from Earth's surface.
What are local winds that blow from a body of water toward land during the day called?
Trade winds
Sea breezes
Land breezes
Prevailing westerlies
Where does the mesosphere occur in Earth's atmosphere?
Between the ionosphere and the exosphere
Between the thermosphere and the exosphere
Between the troposphere and the stratosphere
Between the stratosphere and the thermosphere
Which factors determine the movement of global winds?
Humidity and temperature
Prevailing winds and upper-air currents
Convection currents in the atmosphere and the Coriolis effect
All of these
An organism that can make its own food is called a
consumer.
decomposer.
producer.
scavenger.
the many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n)
food web
niche.
energy pyramid.
feeding level.
Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called
omnivores
herbivores
carnivores
scavengers
Vultures, which feed on the bodies of dead organisms, are
first-level consumers.
scavengers.
producers.
herbivores.
The first organism in a food chain is always a
consumer.
herbivore.
carnivore
producer.
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called
populations.
organisms.
biotic factors.
abiotic factors.
To produce their own food, algae and plants use the abiotic factors sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
soil
salt
water
bacteria
A population is all the members of one species living in a particular
area
habitat
ecosystem
community
A group of antelope leaving the herd in search of better grassland is an example of
immigration
emigrating
increasing birth rate
decreasing death rate
An organism's particular role in its habitat, or when and how it survives, is called its
carrying capacity.
ecosystem.
competition.
niche.
All of the following are examples of limiting factors EXCEPT
food
soil
space
weather conditions
Which of the following is an example of a predator adaptation?
a porcupine's needles
a shark's powerful jaws
a frog's bright colors
a plant's poisonous chemicals
A hawk building its nest on an arm of a saguaro cactus is an example of
commensalism.
mutualism.
parasitism.
predation.
Which of the following is a biotic factor in the prairie ecosystem?
water
sunlight
soil
grass
The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources is called
competition
preditation
symbiosis
parasitism
Population density is defined as
an approximation of a number, based on reasonable assumptions.
the number of individuals of a population in a specific area.
the number of individuals moving into a population.
the smallest level of ecological organization.
The largest population that an environment can support is called its
carrying capacity.
limiting factor.
birth rate.
death rate.
An early winter frost preventing further growth in a tomato garden is an example of
carrying capacity.
a limiting factor.
a biotic factor.
indirect observation.
The smallest unit of ecological organization is a single
population
community
organism
ecosystem
All the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n)
organism
community
species
ecosystem
The study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called
ecology
photosynthesis.
community
biotic studies
Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three types of
symbiotic relationships.
predation.
competition.
prey adaptations.
A(n) —— is an organism that can make its own food. An organism that feeds on other organisms is called a ——, and a(n) —— breaks down biotic wastes and dead organisms.
scavenger; carnivore; herbivore
herbivore; carnivore; scavenger
consumer; producer; decomposer
producer; consumer; decomposer
In a food web in a freshwater ecosystem, shrimp and mayflies eat water plants. Leeches eat shrimp. Trout eat mayflies. Which organism is a producer?
water plants
mayflies
leeches
trout
How do limiting factors, such as food, water, and space, affect population growth?
They limit the number of organisms to one offspring per parent.
Food and water can decrease the number of organisms in a population, but space increases populations.
When they are in short supply, some organisms may die.
When they are easy to obtain, the population decreases.
Which term describes the behavior and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environments?
Niches
Adaptations
Natural selection
Specific roles
Which snake adaptation best helps it to survive in its community?
no legs
small head
sharp fang
scaly skin
Within a freshwater ecosystem, trout eat insects and crayfish. Eagles and otters eat trout. Given this information only, which organisms are predators?
Eagles and trout
Insects and crayfish
Trout and insects
Otters and crayfish
Owls often prey on mice. What adaptation might help mice avoid becoming prey?
Large ears for hearing sounds from nearby predators
Fur color that works as camouflage
Small size for hiding easily
All of the above
Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism are three types of
phenotypes.
niches
predation.
symbiosis.
What is genetic diversity?
The various alleles that are passed from parent to offspring
The differences between species of plants and animals
Having two different alleles for the same trait
The variations in alleles within a population
When autumn changes to winter, what is the short-term effect on a population of birds?
They die.
They migrate.
They hibernate.
They stop growing.
What is a long-term change that may affect organisms and populations?
Geologic change
Climate change
Habitat destruction
All of the above
Which statement tells how a squirrel depends on a biotic factor to survive?
It eats nuts.
It drinks water.
It gets oxygen from the air.
It is warmed by the sun.
What is the highest level of organization for living and nonliving things?
community
ecosystem
family
population
