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Unit 7 Review - Earth's History and Changing Climate

Total questions: 53

Worksheet time: 13hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A principle in geology and earth sciences that suggests that the same geological processes observed today have been at work throughout Earth's history. This principle, often encapsulated in the phrase "the present is the key to the past," implies that the processes shaping the Earth's surface, such as erosion, sedimentation, volcanic activity, and tectonic movements, have been operating in a uniform and consistent manner over long periods of time.

a)

Theory of Catastrophism

b)

Theory of Evolution

c)

Theory of Relative Processes

d)

Theory of Uniformitarianism

2.

What is the most recent event?

a)

E

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

3.

What rock in the Oldest?

a)

Conglomerate

b)

Shale

c)

Breccia

d)

Sandstone

4.

What is the last event to happen?

a)

Deposition of Breccia

b)

Igneous Intrusion

c)

Faulting

d)

Deposition of Limestone

5.

Above what layer is there an unconformity?

a)

H

b)

M

c)

R

d)

F

6.

Which layer is an igneous intrusion?

a)

I

b)

R

c)

F

d)

H

7.

Which letter is the best index fossil?

a)

W

b)

X

c)

Y

d)

Z

8.

The diagram represents the rock layers and fossils found in four separate rock outcrops.

Which fossil is the best index fossil?

a)

It is found in all four layers in one outcrop.

b)

It is found in only one of the four outcrops.

c)

It is found in one layer in all four outcrops

d)

It is found in both the oldest and youngest layers.

9.
What is the half-life of iodine-131?
a)
32 days
b)
8 days
c)
16 days
d)
24 days
10.

After 3 half lives, what percentage of the atoms in the sample have decayed into daughter products?

a)

25%

b)

87.5%

c)

24%

d)

75%

11.

The % of the parent isotope remaining after 2 Half Lives.

a)

50%

b)

25%

c)

12.5%

d)

6.25%

12.
A bone was that originally had 10 grams of Carbon 14 now has about 1.25 grams.  How many YEARS have passed? (not half lives)
a)
3
b)
5730
c)
6000
d)
17,200
13.

What is the Half life of this isotope?

a)

5 seconds

b)

10 seconds

c)

15 seconds

d)

20 seconds

14.
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its...
a)
era
b)
age
c)
half-life
d)
eon
15.
Radiometric dating is possible because the rates of decay of radioactive isotopes _____.
a)
change over time
b)
change from place to place
c)
are constant
d)
vary widely
16.

Atoms of the original isotope that undergoes radioactive decay are known as the...

a)

daughter atoms

b)

elemental atoms

c)

parent atoms

d)

carbon-14 atoms

17.
What are trace fossils?
a)
Foot prints, burrows, or other impressions made by animals that give use clues to how they lived.
b)
When things die and their remains are buried.
c)
The preserved remains of an organism.
d)
The age determined by the things around it.
18.

After 22,800 years, approximately what percentage of the original carbon-14 remains?

a)

15%

b)

12.5%

c)

6.25%

d)

3.125%

19.
After 4 half-lives, 1g of a sample of Krypton-85 remains unchanged.  What was the original mass of the sample?
a)
16g
b)
32g
c)
0.0625g
d)
4g
20.

Smaller more stable atoms are called

a)

Daughter isotopes.

b)

Half lives.

c)

Radioactive Decay.

d)

Parent isotopes.

21.

Larger unstable atoms are called

a)

Daughter isotopes.

b)

Half lives.

c)

Radioactive Decay.

d)

Parent isotopes.

22.
When does radioactive decay occur?
a)
When the nucleus of an isotope is unstable
b)
When the nucleus of an isotope is stable
c)
When the electrons of an isotope are spinning
d)
When the electrons of an isotope are shared with another isotope
23.

An atom with a different number of protons and neutrons

a)

electrons

b)

isotopes

c)

ions

d)

reaction partners

24.

How many half-lives have passed if 12.5% 14C remains?

a)

1 Half-life

b)

2 Half-lives

c)

3 Half-lives

d)

4 Half-lives

25.

The shaded boxes represent the undecayed atoms for Isotope "X". If Isotope X has a half-life of 1,000 years, how old is this sample?

a)

1,000 years

b)

2,000 years

c)

3,000 years

d)

4,000 years

26.

What is the term used to describe the age in which humans have been the strongest force of change on the planet?

a)

Anthropocene

b)

Holocene

c)

Precambrian

d)

Technosphere

27.

What is the oldest and longest period in Earth's history?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic era

c)

Mesozoic era

d)

Cenozoic era

28.

Geologists organize Earth's history according to grouping called _____. Each eon contains ____, which, in turn contain _______. Each period in the geologic time scale contains _______. The current geologic epoch is called the Holocene epoch.

a)

period, eras, epoch, eons

b)

epoch, period, eras, eons

c)

eons, eras, period, epoch

d)

eras, eons, period, epoch

29.

During the Precambrian Eon all of the events happened except.

a)

Fish began to evolve

b)

Single cell organism like bacteria developed

c)

Earth was flowing with lava and their was not oxygen in the atmosphere.

d)

The Proterozoic Era was at the end of Precambrian Eon

30.

Fossils provide evidence of __________.

a)

how life and the environment has remained stable over time

b)

how the climate and weather has remained stable over time

c)

how life and the environmental conditions have changed over time

31.

The diagram shows the distribution of different fossils. During what geologic time period would they have existed TOGETHER?

a)

Jurassic

b)

Triassic

c)

Permian

d)

Carboniferous

32.

Why did the sponges and worms from Precambrian time leave few fossils?

a)

there were not many sponges and worms

b)

they burned up in magma

c)

they only have soft body parts

d)

rocks did not form at that time

33.

What geologic principles(or law) is best displayed here? CHOOSE 2.

a)

Superposition

b)

Original horizontality

c)

Cross-cutting relationships

d)

Inclusions

34.

Which statement best describes the layers of rock in this picture?

a)

The layers would have been deposited as they are pictured, so nothing has happened to them.

b)

The layers have been disturbed since they would have been deposited horizontally .

c)

The layers are all the same age since they are all in the same location.

35.
What is the definition of Unconformity ?
a)
A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth’s history
b)
The breakdown of a radioactive element, releasing particles and energy
c)
Fossils of widely distributed organisms that lived during only one short period.
d)
A place where an old, eroded rock surface is in contact with a newer rock layer
36.

Which is the most recent era of time- the one that we are currently in?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

37.

Which Principle of Geology states that igneous rocks or faults that “cut” into other rocks are younger than the rock layers it cut into.

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Law of Inclusion

c)

Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

d)

Law of Original Horizontality

38.

How does absolute age differ from relative age?

a)

only absolute dating indicates which rock is older than another

b)

only relative dating finds the age in years

c)

only absolute dating finds the age in years

d)

none of the above

39.
  1. What major event marks the beginning of the Paleozoic Era?

a)

The Cambrian Explosion

b)

The Formation of Pangea

c)

The mass extinction of dinosaurs

d)

The appearance of multicellular life

40.
  1. What significant event marks the end of the Mesozoic Era?

a)

The formation of the Himalayas

b)

The extinction of the dinosaurs

c)

The rise of flowering plants

d)

The beginning of the Ice Age

41.
  1. What major biological event characterizes the Ordovician Period?

a)

The first appearance of mammals

b)

The colonization of land by plants

c)

The diversification of marine life

d)

The extinction of the dinosaurs

42.
  1. Which era encompasses the time of the most recent ice ages?

a)

Mesozoic Era

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Cenozoic Era

d)

Archean Eon

43.

The ice age with mammoths, sabertooth tigers, and Sid existed when?

a)

Quaternary

b)

Pennsylvianian

c)

Silurian

d)

Mississippian

44.

During what time period did pangea break apart?

a)

Cambrain

b)

Silurian

c)

Cretaceous

d)

Jurassic

45.

What is a likely event that occurred between fossil layers B and D?

a)

explosion of new species

b)

mass extinction

c)

can not tell from the image

d)

small changes to the environment

46.
Which of the following is true about molds and casts
a)
A mold forms when hard parts of an organism buried by sediments are gradually dissolved
b)
A mold that becomes filled in with hardened materials forms a cast
c)
A cast is a copy of the shape of an organism
d)
All of the above
47.

Do no rush, examine the diagram. How has life evolved starting with the oldest fossils?

a)

Life started in the ocean and over time organism became to appear with no common ancestors. Fish evolved first, then reptiles, then mammals and finally birds.

b)

Life started in the ocean then slowly evolved through natural selection to life on land. Fish evolved first, then reptiles, then mammals and finally birds.

c)

Life started on land and over time humans began to evolve into fish, then reptiles, and birds.

d)

Life started in the ocean as four-legged amphibians which then evolved to palm trees, then to dinosaurs, and eventually into humans.

48.

Which is the major difference between the Permian period and the Jurassic period?

a)

Organisms evolved to from land animals to being able to fly

b)

Organisms went from four legs to two

c)

Organisms got fatter

d)

Organisms stayed the same during these periods

49.

The Anthropocene is a proposed geological epoch that reflects the significant impact of human activities on Earth's geology and ecosystems. It is characterized by the unprecedented influence of human activities on the planet's atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The term "Anthropocene" combines "anthropo," meaning human, with "-cene," denoting a geological epoch. Which of the following environmental changes would relate to the Anthropocene (check all that apply).

a)

Oxygen in the atmosphere falling under 15%

b)

Waning of ice sheets and glaciers

c)

Increased rate of acidification in the oceans

d)

Increased rate of warming due to greenhouse gas buildup

e)

Increased rate of species extinction.

50.

Which of the following had the greatest effect to stabilize temperatures during precambrian time?

a)

Increase of oxygen in the atmosphere

b)

Global ice sheets (snowball Earth)

c)

Condensation of atmospheric water vapor leading to oceans

d)

Formation of supercontinents

51.

List from youngest to oldest

a)

ECADB

b)

CABED

c)

BADCE

d)

BDACE

52.

In the diagram, what scientific law tells us that rock layer D is older than rock layer B?

a)

Cross-cutting

b)

Inclusions

c)

Superposition

d)

Unconformities

53.

List from youngest to oldest

a)

BAECD

b)

DCEAB

c)

CEABD

d)

ACEDB