makes long-range strategic decisions about products and services as well as ensures financial performance of the firm

transfers the processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used

refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized and coordinated.

can be defined technically as a set of interrelated components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization.

BROADER UNDERSTANDING OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, WHICH ENCOMPASSES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF SYSTEMS AS WELL AS THE TECHNICAL DIMENSIONS OF SYSTEMS

carries out the programs and plans of senior management

is the physical equipment used for input, processing, and output activities in an information system.

focuses primarily on knowledge of information technology

data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings

is one in which nearly all of the organization’s significant business relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled and mediated.

which is output that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct the input stage.

such as engineers, scientists, or architects, design products or services and create new knowledge for the firm

streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth

links two or more computers to share data or resources, such as a printer

consists of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system

deals with behavioral issues as well as technical issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information

converts this raw input into a meaningful form

consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives.

A continuing stream of information technology innovations is transforming the traditional business world

is changing how fi rms design, produce, and deliver their products and services

firms has changed: With new mobile smartphones, high-speed wireless Wi-Fi networks, and tablets, remote salespeople on the road are only seconds away from their managers’ questions and oversight

Compared to industrial organizations of the previous century, new fast-growing twenty-fi rst-century business fi rms put less emphasis on hierarchy and structure and more emphasis on employees taking on multiple roles and tasks and collaborating with others on a team.

captures or collects raw data from within the organization or from its external environment

is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business

such as secretaries or clerks, assist with scheduling and communications at all levels of the firm

actually produce the product and deliver the service

or fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things, that has been accepted by most of its members.

consists of the software governing the organization of data on physical storage media.

consisting of both physical devices and software, links the various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location to another

The world’s largest and most widely used network is the is a global “network of networks” that uses universal standards

corporate networks based on Internet technology are called

Private intranets extended to authorized users outside the organization are called

represent resources that can be shared throughout the organization and constitute the firm’s

are those assets required to derive value from a primary investment ( Teece, 1998 ).

These investments in organization and management are also known as

In this view, optimal organizational performance is achieved by jointly optimizing both the social and technical systems used in production.

specialized tasks performed by business organizations, consist of sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources

we mean data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings