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REKAP I.6

Total questions: 167

Worksheet time: 2hrs 7mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Right eye anoscoria, dilates more in light, dilatation from far to close object is slower

a)

Abducen palsy

b)

Horner's syndrome

2.

Which radiology projection is best for viewing the paranasal sinus?

a)

Caldwell's view

b)

Lateral view

c)

Rhese view

d)

Water's view

3.

 Gambar histo gemma gustatoria) what epithel input taste stimulus (something like that)

a)

  1. Epithelium gustatorius

b)

  1. Epithelium basalis

4.

Which hormone needs aromatase in its synthesis?

a)

Estradiol

b)

Cortisol

c)

Histamine

d)

Testosterone

e)

Aldosterone

5.

What skin lession that is caused by varicella viruses?

a)

Erythomatosus macule

b)

Erythomatosus Papule

c)

Umbilicus papule

d)

Umbilitic vesicle

6.

What is the main component of this structure? 

a)

Axon

b)

Soma neuron

c)

Myocytus non striatus

d)

Myocytus striatus

e)

Fibra collageni

7.

Why do cone cells produce better images and more details than rod cells?

a)

There are more cone cells

b)

Each cone cell is connected to a single ganglion

c)

Cone cells are larger

8.

The circumvallatae papillae is innervated by?

a)

CN V

b)

CN VII

c)

CN IX

d)

CN X

e)

CN XII

9.

What is the name of symptom?

a)

Myopia

b)

Hyperopia

c)

Astigmatism

d)

Mixed astigmatism

10.

What does this graph signify?

a)

The palm is more sensitive to cold than to heat

b)

The palm adapts more easily to cold than to heat

c)

The palm can feel both hot and cold

d)

The palm feels more pain to heat than cold

11.

What form of vitamin A bonds with opsin after reacting with light?

a)

11-cis retinal

b)

11-cis retinol

c)

All-trans retinal

d)

All-trans retinol

e)

All-trans retinyl esterase

12.

What is the function of RPE layer in retina?

a)

Absorption of excess light and phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment

b)

Synthesis of visual pigment

c)

Control intraocular pressure

13.

What movement is detected by the vestibulocytus in the Macula sacculi?

a)

  1. Light pressure

b)

  1. Heavy Pressure

c)

  1. Horizontal movement of the head 

d)

  1. Rotational movement of the head 

e)

  1. Vertical movement of the head 

14.

Tear consists of several layers. Which layer prevents tear from evaporating?

a)

Aqueous

b)

  1. Mucin

c)

  1. Lipid

15.

Post menopausal women experience symptoms, such as decrease in muscle mass. What is the reason for this?

a)

  1. Increase in estrogen and progesterone 

b)

  1. Decrease in estrogen and progesterone 

c)

Increase in estrogen, decrease in progesterone

d)

  1. Decrease in estrogen, increase in progesterone 

e)

  1. Increase in estrogen only

16.

What is the function of the pointed structure?

a)

To control the cell

b)

To produce energy

c)

To package proteins and lipid molecules

d)

To reproduce

e)

To synthesize protein

17.

Which hormone gives signal to the brain about fat storage/condition in the body?

a)

Angiotensin

b)

Adiponectin

c)

Leptin

18.

What is the function of the langerhans cell?

a)

Phagocytize pathogens

b)

Produce melanin

c)

Produce adrenaline

d)

Produce sweat

e)

Produce sebum

19.

 Which substance is the best for wound healing?

a)

  1. Normal saline water

b)

Sterile saline

c)

Sterile water

d)

Povidone iodine

20.

 What type of neurotransmitter release by the inner hair cell in response to auditory vibration? 

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Glutamate

c)

GABA

d)

Histamine

e)

Glycine

21.

What receptor is sensitive to pheromone?

a)

V1RL1

b)

TAARs

c)

mGluR4

22.

Which hormone takes the shortest time to synthesize?

a)

Testosterone

b)

LH

c)

Epinephrine

d)

Estrogen

23.

What is the main drug for diabetes type 2 and obesity?

a)

Metformin

b)

Paracetamol

c)

Insulin

d)

Abemaciclib

24.

What food can lead to a hyper estradiol in male?

a)

Tuna fish

b)

Wheat

c)

Wine

d)

Soy

25.

  1. In which layer (stratum) can corpusculum tactile be found?

a)

  1. Papilla

b)

Reticular

c)

Epidermis

26.

What is the characteristic of non-steroid hormone?

a)

Hydrophilic

b)

Hydrophobic

27.

How can a hormone go from adrenal glands to the targeted organs?

a)

Transported through the blood

b)

Through a duct

c)

Direct movement to the neighboring cells

28.

What is the main artery that supplies glandula suprarenalis (superior branch)?

a)

 A. phrenica inferior

b)

A. mesenterica superior

c)

A. mesenterica inferior

d)

A. lienalis

e)

  1. A. gastrica sinistra

29.

Which one is the characteristic of fovea centralis?

a)

  1. No rod or cone cells

b)

Only consists of rod cell

c)

  1. Only consists of cone cell

d)

Only consist of rod and cone

e)

  1. Does not have cone cell

30.

  1. A female, 62 years old, came to the Emergency Unit because of severe headache, nausea, vomitus, preceded by progressive blurring of vision and diplopia. The doctor performed brain MRI, and found the result as follows : What syndrome associated with the lesion of this patient?

a)

Parinaud Syndrome

b)

  1. Horner's Syndrome

c)

  1. Guillain Barre Syndrome

31.

What hormone inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion?

a)

  1. Incretin

b)

  1. Aldosteron

c)

  1. Cortisol

d)

  1. Somatostatin

e)

Somatomedin

32.

  1. What hormone activates the cells in region C?

a)

  1. Adrenocorticotropin hormone

b)

Epinephrine

c)

Thyroid hormone

33.

  1. What is the name of the pointed structure?

a)

Soft palate

b)

Hard palate

c)

Sinus maxillars

34.

  1. What is the effect of acute stress on the heart?

a)

  1. Tachycardia

b)

  1. Bradycardia

35.

  1. Which substance increases when photoreceptors get exposed to light?

a)

  1. cAMP

b)

  1. GTP

c)

  1. GDP

d)

  1. PLC

36.

  1. What produces the fluid in region 2?

a)

Lig suspensorium lentis

b)

  1. Processus ciliaris

c)

  1. Camera anterior

37.

What is the type of rhythm where a sleep cycle is repeated 4-5 times?

a)

  1. Ultradian

b)

  1. Circardian

c)

  1. Infradian

38.

Pay attention to the normal sequence of protein

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

39.

  1. What hormone increases Na+ and water retention in the kidney?

a)

  1. Aldosterone

b)

Vasopressin

c)

  1. Insulin

40.

What is the characteristic of melatonin synthesis during the day and night?

a)

Low during the day, high at night

b)

High during the day, low at night

c)

High at both times

d)

Low at both times

41.

A 48-hour old baby is having an examination if she gets a congenital hypothyroid. Doctor then takes a blood sample from her foot sole (Dried Blood Sample). What will the doctor use as a marker for the test?

a)

Progesterone

b)

17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone

c)

TSH

d)

11-deoxycortisol

e)

Oxytocin

42.

A 22 year old woman was reported to have a headache, menstruation that stopped several years ago, milk leaking from breast, and a tumor in suprasellar meningioma. Which hormone is overproduced?

a)

ACTH

b)

Prolactin

c)

LH

43.

What is the substrate of gluconeogenesis?

a)

Glucose

b)

Glycerol

c)

Sucrose

d)

Fructose

e)

Amylum

44.

Why are the 2 points of discrimination on the tongue closer than in finger, arm, and back?

a)

The receptor is denser on the tongue

b)

The receptor on the tongue is more susceptible to damage

c)

There are lots of different receptor on the tongue

45.

How does the thyroid hormone affect growth?

a)

Increase secretion IGF-1 by the liver

b)

Increases protein catabolism

c)

Increase GH secretion during puberty

46.

What is the function of the encircled structure?

a)

Pressure

b)

Touch

c)

Smell

d)

Taste

e)

Pain

47.

What is the role of parathyroid hormone in Ca2+ and Phosphate regulation?

a)

Increase Ca2+ absorption, and decrease phosphate absorption

b)

Increase Phosphate absorption, decrease Ca2+ absorption

c)

Both increase Ca2+ and Phosphate absorption

48.

Which hormone is most secreted by the thyroid gland?

a)

T3

b)

T4

c)

TSH

d)

TRH

49.

What is the effect of low extracellular calcium levels in the neuromuscular junction?

a)

Neurons become less excitable

b)

Less muscle contraction

50.

What do you call the external factor that involves in the synchronization of the central clock?

a)

Entrainment

b)

Circadian

c)

Non-photic

d)

Zeitgeber

51.

What minerals stimulate Ghrelin?

a)

copper

b)

selenium

c)

calcium

d)

manganese

e)

magnesium

52.

What is the effect of symphathetic stimulation toward eyes?

a)

relaxation lig suspensorium

b)

relaxation m ciliaris

c)

pupil miosis

d)

convex lense

e)

contraction m ciliaris

53.

What condition make lens still relaxed?

a)

relaxation lig suspensorium

b)

relaxation m ciliaris

c)

pupil miosis

d)

convex lense

e)

contraction m ciliaris

54.

What neuron that brings stimulus from the retina to hypothalamus?

a)

Neuron amacrine

b)

Neuron horizontale

c)

Neuron ganglionare multipolare

d)

Neuron retinale

55.

What happens to the light of a Patient with hyperopia seeing distant object while Ciliaris muscle relaxed

a)

Focal point will be at the back of retina

b)

Light will be in front of the retina

c)

There are multifocal point in the retina

56.

What hormon is related to growth?

a)

Insulin

b)

Calcitonin

c)

PTH

d)

Somatostatin

57.

What doctor should check for the parameters? (Yg ada T4, TSH)

a)

Total T4 and TSH

b)

Free T3 and TSH

c)

Free T4 and TSH

d)

T3

58.

What makes increased activity of a hormone?

a)

Overreactivity due to abnormal target cells

b)

Low receptors

c)

Increase cleansing Hormonal level in blood

d)

Increasing enzyme degradation

59.

What EDC makes testicular atrophy?

a)

Phtalate

b)

Phytoestrogen

c)

DDT

60.

Gambar histo (Epithelium anterius) : What is the type of this cells?

a)

Textus epitheliocytus

b)

Textus connectivus compactus

c)

Textus connectivus laxus

d)

Textus muscularis striatus non cardiacus

e)

Textus muscularis non striatus

61.

Besides Pressure, what receptor that also able to detect sharp and surface of an object?

a)

Pacini

b)

Ruffini

c)

Meissner

62.

What is the benefit of resistance training?

a)

Decreased risk of diabetes melitus

b)

Decreased risk of stroke

c)

Increased volume capacity of the lung

d)

Increased muscle strength

63.

what is this structure?

a)

external auditory meatus

b)

cochela

c)

membrana tympanica

64.

How’s goiter formed due to iodine deficiency?

a)

Failure of positive feedback compensation from TSH

b)

Decrease Receptor of TSH

c)

Decrease stimulation of TRH

65.

What stimulation causes gastrin secretion?

a)

Low Bombesin

b)

Local Vagal Reflex

c)

Low pH

d)

Somatostatin

66.

What structure control the hydrodynamic of ear?

a)

Cupula

b)

Otolith organ

c)

Vestibulocytus

67.

What factors makes human can differentiate pitch of a sound?

a)

Frequency

b)

Amplitudo

c)

Wave height

68.

What hormones is secreted due to direct neuron stimulation from hypothalamus?

a)

Prolactin

b)

Oxytocin

c)

Thyroid hormone

d)

FSH

e)

LH

69.

If epithelium olfactorius is degenerate, which epithel that proliferate?

a)

Epitheliocytus neurosensorius

b)

Lamina Propria

c)

Epitheliocytus sustenance

d)

Glandula Olfactoria

e)

Epitheliocytus basalis

70.

What nucleus that react toward light/dark condition?

a)

Paraventricular nuclei

b)

Supraoptic

c)

Venteromedial

d)

Suprachiasmatic

71.

What enzyme that makes ion channel open in retina?

a)

Phosphodiesterase

b)

Adenylyl Cyclase

c)

Guanilyl Cyclase

d)

Tyrosine Kinase

72.

What androgen secreted by adrenal gland?

a)

Testosterone

b)

DHEA

c)

DHT

d)

Androstenedione

e)

Androsterone

73.

what is this cells? (blue thingy)

a)

Endocrinocytus pancreaticus B

b)

Endocrinocytus pancreaticus A

c)

Endocrinocytus pancreaticus C

d)

Endocrinocytus pancreaticus E

e)

Endocrinocytus pancreaticus D

74.

what is this function of the product of this gland?

a)

Regenerate as stem cell

b)

Receive chemical signals

c)

Support nerve cells

d)

To produce mucus to dissolve odour molecule

75.

What is the characteristic of diabetes type 2?

a)

Insulin resistance

b)

Insulin dependent

c)

Produce less insulin

d)

Thin

e)

Ketoacidosis

76.

What is the characteristics of Rhod cells?

a)

Has rhodopsin

b)

Has iodopsin

c)

Better in visual acuity

d)

Synapse with only one ganglion neuron

e)

Less sensitive

77.

Initially we put our finger into a warm water for sometime. As we change the finger, it feels hotter than the previous. Why does this happen?

a)

Receptor adaptation

b)

Receptor sensitization

c)

Receptor temperature adjustment

d)

Vasodilation of peripheral arteries

e)

Perception

78.

What hormones is high at night?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Cortisol

c)

ACTH

d)

Growth Hormone

e)

Adiponectin

79.

what is this lesion?

a)

Papule

b)

Macule

c)

Plaque

d)

Bullae

e)

Nodule

80.

What hormones causes immune defficiency due to long period secretion?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Thyroid

c)

Cortisol

d)

Esterogen

e)

Melatonin

81.

What is the phase of Fungi division for asexual reproduction?

a)

Plasmogamy and karyogamy

b)

Plasmogamy only

c)

Karyogamy only

d)

Meiosis only

e)

Karyogamy and meiosis

82.

What is the example of antagonist hormones interaction? (insulin-glucagon)

a)

Esterogen-progesteron

b)

Somatostatin-growth hormone

c)

FSH-testosterone

d)

Parathyroid-calcitonin

e)

Insulin-glucagon

83.

In which parts of renal tubule that will reabsorb Ca2+?

a)

Proximal convoluted tubule

b)

Distal convoluted tubule

c)

Tubulus collectivus

d)

Pars descendens ansa henle

e)

Pars ascendens ansa henle

84.

What substance that stimulate insulin secretion through Gq-Coupled Receptor?

a)

Fatty acids

b)

Calcium

c)

Amino acids

d)

Fructose

e)

Glucose

85.

Prolactin is used for controlling birth. How does the mechanism?

a)

Positive feedback on CRH

b)

Positive feedback on TRH

c)

Negative feedback on GHRH

d)

Negative feedback on GnRH

e)

Negative feedback on ACTH

86.

What is the amino acid that makes Serotonin?

a)

Phenylalanine

b)

Alanine

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Tyrosin

e)

Valine

87.

What is the collagen function in chronic ulcer?

a)

Non steroid inflammatory

b)

Absorb water and make the wound dry

c)

Activate protease

88.

What minerals that elevated in blood stream due to aldosterone secretion?

a)

Magnesium

b)

Potassium

c)

Sodium

d)

Phosphate

e)

Calcium

89.

What is the pathway of increasing glucose in the blood?

a)

Glukoneogenesis

b)

Glycolisis

c)

Glucogenolysis

d)

Pentose phostpate pathway

e)

Glycogenolisis

90.

What is the structure in the cell

wall of fungus that made of

polysaccharide

a)

Chitin

b)

Collagen

c)

Cellulose

d)

Proteoglycan

e)

Phospholipid bilayer

91.

When we put our finger in warm

water for some time, and then we

put another finger it feels warmer,

why?

a)

Phasic receptor

desensitization

b)

The second finger has more

sensitive thermoreceptors

than the first finger

92.

Picture in water projection, what is

disease that being shown

a)

Maxillary sinusitis

b)

Frontal sinusitis

c)

Otitis media

d)

Retinoblastoma

e)

Meningioma

93.

What is the function of the pointed

receptor?

a)

Fine touch

b)

Pressure

c)

Pain

d)

Numbness

94.

If the debris failed to be removed

during wound healing, what would

happen?

a)

The wound will heal faster

because the debris provides

a scaffold for new tissue

growth.

b)

Prolonged inflammation

c)

Retained debris will help to

keep the wound moist,

which always accelerates

the healing process.

d)

The debris would be

absorbed by the body

95.

If you feel pain in burned skin with

light touch, what receptor take into

account

a)

Merkel’s disks

b)

Corpusculum tactile

c)

Pacinian corpuscle

d)

Ruffini corpuscle

e)

Free nerve endings

96.

What molecule react with the sour

receptor

a)

H+

b)

Potassium

c)

Natrium

97.

Patient has bitemporal

heteronymus hemianopsia, where

is the lession?

a)

Left optic nerve

b)

Left optic tract

c)

Chiasma Opticum

d)

Right optic radiation

98.

Function of calcitonin, PTH, and

vitamin D

a)

To store Calcium in bones

b)

for blood Calcium

homeostasis

c)

for blood glucose

homeostasis

d)

Prevent acromegaly,

excessive bone growth

99.

When we see a nearby object, there

is an accommodation reflex. What

structure actively do that?

a)

Musculus Dilator Pupillae

b)

Musculus ciliaris

c)

Optic Nerve

d)

Reinta

100.

When we see near object, what

happen first in the accommodation

a)

contraction of musculus

ciliaris

b)

Relaxation of musculus

ciliaris

c)

Flattening of the lens

d)

Increased intraocular

pressure

e)

Pupil contraction

101.

The point or the spot that has

highest visual acuity

a)

Optic Disc

b)

Macula lutea

c)

fovea centralis

102.

What is the function of glucagon

dependent insulinotropic peptide?

a)

Stimulate insulin secretion

b)

Stimulate glucagon

secretion

c)

Increase the rate of

digestion

103.

What bone that attaches to the oval

window in the ear?

a)

os. Stapes

b)

Os. Malleus

c)

Os. Incus

d)

Os. Temporalis

e)

Os. Parietalis

104.

Patient presenting a papile

macroscopically, microscopically

there is hyperplasia of granulated

layer and keratohyalin cell. Which

condition below is suitable to the

explanation given?

a)

Papillomatosis hyperplasia

of epidermal

b)

Epidermolytic

Hyperkeratosis

c)

Granular Parakeratosis

d)

Irritated Seborrheic

Keratosis

e)

Bowen Disease

105.

What makes up the structure

labeled GS?

a)

Neurofibra

b)

Ganglion Spiralis

106.

A man has symptoms of chronic

stress caused by an unhealthy

working environment. His cortisol

levels are elevated, which

metabolic effects are most likely to

happen in this man?

a)

Increased plasma glucose

and fatty acids

b)

Increased muscle protein

synthesis

c)

Increased insulin secretion

d)

Decreased gluconeogenesis

e)

Increased glycogen

synthesis

107.

What layer of the retina that is

most likely to be damaged due to

glaucoma

a)

Stratum Nuclear internum

b)

Stratum Plexiforme interna

c)

Stratum Plexiforme

externum

d)

Stratum Neurofibrarum

e)

Stratum Nucleare externum

108.

What hormone is called a body

temperature regulator?

a)

Testosterone

b)

Growth hormone

c)

Oxytocin

d)

Cortisol

e)

Prolactin

109.

What cell form synapses with the

hair cell in the pointed structure?

a)

Neuron bipolare of retina

b)

Neuron ganglion

vestibularis

c)

Neuron of ganglion spinalis

d)

Neuron of ganglion spiralis

e)

Neuron ganglion trigeminus

110.

What examination is not used in

DM?

a)

Insulin

b)

Post prandial blood glucose

c)

Fasting blood glucose

d)

Plasma glucose with classic

symptom

e)

HbA1c

111.

In chronic suppurative otitis media

what shows in the ct scan?

a)

The air cellulae mastoidea

are filled with air

b)

Thickening of the

rosenmular fossa

c)

Thinning of the tympanic

membrane

d)

The tympanic cavity is

filled with fluid

semiopacity

e)

Erosion of the bones around

the mastoid.

112.

Why TRT not good in young

couple (at reproductive age)

a)

Decrease spermatogenesis

in men

b)

Decrease spermatogenesis

in women

c)

Suppress fertilization

d)

Suppress ovum formation

e)

Suppress ovulation

113.

What pineal calcification causes

Alzheimer's?

a)

BDNF (Brain Derived

Neurotrophic Factor)

b)

PDGF (Platelet Derived

Growth Factor)

c)

NGF (Nerve Growth

Factor)

d)

Cytokine

e)

VEGF (Vascular

Endothelial Growth Factor)

114.

What enzyme opens the Cation

channel in the outer segments of

light-sensitive cells?

a)

PDE

b)

Rhodopsin

c)

Guanylyl cyclase

d)

Arrestin

e)

Inositol triphosphate

115.

What substance produce by the

adipose tissue that protects from diabetes mellitus and

cardiovascular disease

a)

Leptin

b)

Adiponectin

c)

Adipsin

d)

Angiotensinogen

e)

Resistin

116.

Homonymous Hemianopia is a

condition caused by lesion in

which area?

a)

Chiasma Opticum

b)

Optic Nerve

c)

Optic Tract

d)

Pupil

e)

Retina

117.

What is the difference between

DM1 and DM2?

a)

Autoimmune factors are

involved in the

pathogenesis of type 1

b)

Autoimmune factors are

involved in the

pathogenesis of type 2

c)

Type 1 quickly trigger

chronic complication

d)

Type 1 usually needs more

insulin than type 2

e)

People with type 1 diabetes

can increase endogenous

insulin production by taking

oral hypoglycemic agents.

118.

What fungi has unicellular,

oval/round, yellow-white mucoids?

a)

Candida sp.

b)

Mucor sp.

c)

Rhizopus sp.

d)

Aspergillus sp.

e)

Trichophyton sp.

119.

What is the third order neurons for

the gustatory pathway

a)

VPM

b)

Nucleus tractus solitarii

c)

Primary olfactory cortex

d)

Geniculate ganglion

e)

Taste bud

120.

Mumps infection can cause

parotitis, what other organ can be

disrupted as a complication of

mumps?

a)

Posterior pituitary

b)

Parathyroid

c)

Pancreas

d)

Adrenal cortex

e)

Testicle

121.

What is the effect of insulin on

energy resources in the liver?

a)

Increase glycolysis

b)

Increases glycogenesis

c)

Decrease lipogenesis

d)

Decrease glucotoxicity

e)

Decrease gluconeogenesis

122.

What ion does PTH affect

excretion in the kidney?

a)

Potassium

b)

Phosphate

c)

Chloride

d)

Hydrogen

e)

Sodium

123.

What enzyme is involved in

glycogenolysis?

a)

Glycogen synthase

b)

Glucose-6-phosphate

c)

Phosphorylase kinase

d)

Glucose kinase

e)

Hexose kinase

124.

Which symptom shows the effect

of physiological change to physical

performance?

a)

Change in resting heart rate

b)

Anorexia

c)

Emotional instability

d)

Decreased immunoglobulin

production

e)

Increased cortisol

125.

What happens to the

photoneuroendocrine system in

bright conditions?

a)

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

activation

b)

Activation of

parasympathetic nervous

system

c)

Activation of

paraventricular nucleus

d)

Increased cAMP in

intrapineal site

e)

Hyperpolarization of

ganglion cells in the retina

126.

What is the characteristic of

communication that uses

hydrophobic (lipophilic) signaling

molecules?

a)

Activates Ras (Rat

Sarcoma) protein through

receptor tyrosine kinase

b)

Activates G protein in the

cytoplasm

c)

Binds to receptors in the

cytoplasm

d)

The signaling molecule is

delivered to target cells

through a specialized duct

e)

Induce synthesis of second

messenger

127.

What is the function of the ciliary

muscle in vision?

a)

Forms the optic nerve

b)

Transmits electrical signals

to the brain

c)

Produces aqueous humor

d)

Alters lens shape for

accommodation

e)

Prevents evaporation of

tears

128.

How does thyroid hormone support

growth hormone in childhood?

a)

Stimulate GH secretion

b)

Suppress IGF-1 production

from liver

c)

Convert GH to IGF-1

d)

Inhibit GH release

e)

Enhance GHRH secretion

129.

Which activity can be classified as

moderate physical activity with a

Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET)

score of about 3?

a)

Eating for 30 minutes

b)

Brisk walking for 15

minutes

c)

Swimming continuously for

30 minutes

d)

Watching a movie for 1

hours

e)

Football for 1 hour

130.

A woman has dry and rough skin,

can’t be in a cold environment,

rarely sweats, has constipation,

cramps, gets tired easily and has

periorbital edema and cold skin. What parameters of the laboratory

test should the doctors use?

a)

TT4

b)

TSH

c)

TSH & FT4

d)

FT4

e)

TSH & TT4

131.

What physiological condition can

stimulate the release of GH?

a)

Exercise

b)

Obesity

c)

High level of fatty acid

d)

High level of blood glucose

e)

Aging

132.

Which peptide hormone reduces

blood glucose levels?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

PTH

c)

Insulin

d)

Somatostatin

e)

Glucagon

133.

Which structure is known as the

“waterproof barrier” in the skin?

a)

Granulum glikogeni

b)

Granulum lamellosum

c)

Gutta adipis

d)

Granulum keratohyalini

e)

Substantia chromatophilica

134.

Which hormone stimulates vitamin

D activation in the kidney?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Insulin

d)

PTH

e)

T4

135.

Soy contains phytoestrogen, what

effects can occur when it is

consumed in high doses on

developing male?

a)

Hyperprolactin

b)

Hypocortisol

c)

Hyperinsulinemia

d)

Hypogonadism

e)

Hyper FSH

136.

A woman notices the growth of a

thick mustache (hirsutism), which

condition is commonly associated

with this symptom?

a)

Breast cancer

b)

Polycystic ovarian

syndrome (PCOS)

c)

Dermoid cyst

d)

Polyp uterine

e)

Ovarian cancer

137.

What is the primary precursor

hormone for all adrenal cortex

hormones?

a)

DHEA

b)

LH

c)

FSH

d)

Androstenedione

e)

Pregnenolone

138.

What is the pointed structure?

a)

Granulum glikogeni

b)

Vasa sanguinea

c)

Granulum lamellosum

d)

Substanta chromatophillica

e)

Corpusculum

neurosecretorium

139.

Which condition stimulates ADH

release?

a)

Low extracellular fluid

osmolarity

b)

High blood volume

c)

Low plasma oncotic

pressure

d)

High blood pressure

e)

High ion concentration in

blood plasma

140.

What is the basis of the blind spot

experiment?

a)

Misalignment between rods

and retinal pigment

epithelium

b)

Overlapping fields of

adjacent photoreceptors

c)

Absence of photoreceptors

at the optic disc

d)

Lack of cones at the

peripheral retina

e)

Convergence of optic fibers

at the fovea

141.

Which hormone is involved in

natrium homeostasis in the body?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Prolactin

d)

Thyroid

e)

Adrenaline

142.

Which enzyme catalyzes the

transformation of

N-acetyl-serotonin to melatonin?

a)

Serotonin

N-acetyltransferase

b)

Aromatic L-amino acid

decarboxylase

c)

N-Acetylserotonin

O-methyltransferase

d)

Tryptophan hydroxylase

e)

Monoamine oxidase

143.

Why is cortisol essential during

prolonged stress?

a)

Because it mobilises energy

by catabolizing tissue

proteins and fats

b)

Because it prevents

excessive decrease in blood

glucose levels

c)

Because it restores

reproductive function by

increase testosterone level

d)

Because it inhibits

excessive medulla

adrenaline release

e)

Because it promotes both

protein synthesis and

degradation in muscle

144.

Why does pupil constriction

improve visual focus in bright

light?

a)

Increase color sensitivity

b)

Aligns optical axis

c)

Enlarge field of vision

d)

Reduce eye pressure

e)

Prevents peripheral light

rays from entering

145.

In a two-point discrimination test,

students can’t differentiate two

separate points on the back with

calipers being 40 mm apart.

However, the student can

distinguish two points separated by

just 3 mm on the fingertip. Why

does this happen?

a)

Because the fingertip has

deeper located

mechanoreceptors

b)

Because the fingertip has a

higher nerve conduction

velocity

c)

Because the fingertip has

smaller receptive fields

d)

Because the fingertip has a

thicker epidermal layer

e)

Because the fingertip has

greater synaptic integration

in the cortex

146.

Which part of the adrenal gland is

responsible for secreting

catecholamine?

a)

Hilum glandulae

suprarenalis

b)

Zona glomerulosa

c)

Adrenal cortex

d)

Adrenal medulla

e)

Zona fasciculata

147.

In chronic inflammatory

conditions, which component of

the nervous system plays a central

role in this regulation?

a)

Optic nerve

b)

Cranial sensory nerves

c)

Accessory nerves

d)

Vagus nerve

e)

Glossopharyngeal nerve

148.

What is the key feature to

distinguish nocturnal from diurnal

rhythms

a)

Hormone levels

b)

Timing of activity and sleep

c)

Differences in heart rate

d)

Response to stress

e)

Brain wave patterns

149.

After staring at bright light for 10

seconds and directly closing our

eyes, we see a bright spot, then a

dark spot in a lighter background.

What is the physiological

explanation for the second

afterimage?

a)

Retinal edema from

oxidative stress

b)

Rhodopsin saturation in

cone photoreceptors

c)

Neural fatigue of on–center

bipolar cells

d)

Prolonged depolarization of

ganglion cells

e)

Adaptation and bleaching

of cone pigments

150.

How does the body increase iodide

uptake during iodine deficiency?

a)

Inhibit pendrin expression

b)

Upregulating the

sodium-iodide symporter

(NIS)

c)

Suppress Na+/K+-ATPase

activity

d)

Reduce thyroglobulin

synthesis

e)

Blocking the TPO function

151.

Which gland produces sweat

actively in response to emotional

stimuli?

a)

Axillary mammary

b)

Facial sebaceous

c)

Axillary apocrine

d)

Palmar eccrine

e)

Ceruminous gland in the

ear canal

152.

Which cell shows increased

activity in gigantism?

a)

Endocrinocytus

somatotrophicus

b)

Endocrinocytus

gonadotrophicus

c)

Endocrinocytus

corticotrophicus

d)

Endocrinocytus

thyrotropicus

e)

Endocrinocytus

chromophobus

153.

What is the primary mechanism of

growth hormone regarding the use

of fat for energy?

a)

Increased transport of

amino acids through cell

membranes

b)

Decreased catabolism of

proteins and amino acids

c)

Increased conversion of

fatty acids to acetyl-CoA

d)

Increased transcription to

form RNA

e)

Increased translation of

RNA in protein synthesis

154.

Student compares the duration of

bone conduction she perceives vs

her instructor. The student can hear

the tuning fork on her mastoid

process for around 10 seconds

longer than her instructor, who has

normal hearing. What is the

physiological basis for prolonged

bone conduction in this student?

a)

Longer vibratory

conduction through bone

marrow

b)

Reduced acoustic damping

due to ossicular dysfunction

c)

Enhanced amplification by

cochlear efferents

d)

Greater elasticity of the

tympanic membrane

e)

Increased sensitivity of

outer hair cells

155.

Which cells are responsible for the

amplification of low-frequency

sound waves in the organ of Corti?

a)

Cohcleocytus internus

b)

Cochleocytus externus

c)

Epitheliocytus internus

pillae

d)

Epitheliocytus phalangeus

e)

Epitheliocytus externus

pillae

156.

Which form of vitamin A is bound

by opsin after receiving light?

a)

11-cis-retinal

b)

All-trans-retinal

c)

All-trans-retinol

d)

11-cis-retinol

e)

All-trans retinyl ester

157.

Which condition results from the

hyposecretion of a hormone?

a)

Diabetes insipidus

b)

Cushing syndrome

c)

Gigantism

d)

Acromegaly

e)

Graves disease

158.

Which term describes this

combination of microscopic

changes?

a)

Erosion and intraepidermal

bullae formation

b)

Lentiginous hyperplasia

and ballooning

degeneration

c)

Basal cell vacuolization

d)

Hyperkeratosis and

dyskeratosis

e)

Spongiosis and exocytosis

159.

What type of debridement is it

called when maggots are used?

a)

Biological debridement

b)

Mechanical debridement

c)

Surgical debridement

d)

Enzymatic debridement

e)

Autolytic debridement

160.

Subject B consumed complex

carbohydrates and showed a

slower, flatter rise in blood glucose

compared to Subject A, who

consumed simple sucrose. What

explains this observation?

a)

Complex carbs are

gradually digested

b)

Sucrose induces reactive

hypoglycemia

c)

Sucrose has a lower

glycemic index

d)

Complex carbs induce

reactive hypoglycemia

e)

Complex carbs are

absorbed faster

161.

A subject reported that the tuning

fork beside her ear canal is louder

after the ear canal is closed with a

finger. What explains this

observation?

a)

Enhanced air pressure in

outer ear caused tympanic

shift

b)

Enhanced resonance of

tympanic vibration

c)

Rebound excitation of the

vestibular system

d)

Facilitation of hair cell

activation in the cochlear

apex

e)

Reflection of

bone-conducted energy

back to the tympanic

membrane

162.

Which non-steroid hormone is

synthesised in the postganglionic

fibers?

a)

Noradrenaline

b)

Vasopressin

c)

Tyrosine

d)

GH

e)

Adrenaline

163.

What is the function of the

hormone produced by the cells

with brown cytoplasm?

a)

To decrease basal metabolic

rate (BMR)

b)

Decrease blood pressure

c)

Decrease water

reabsorption in kidney

d)

Decrease blood glucose

level

e)

Decrease blood calcium

level

164.

What is the consequence of sleep

deprivation of GH levels?

a)

GH doubles after sleep

b)

GH secretion increase

c)

GH release stops entirely

d)

GH shifts to daytime

e)

GH rhythm flattens

165.

Chronic stress causes elevated

cortisol and pro-inflammatory

cytokines. What long-term

consequence might arise from this

condition?

a)

Lower risk of psychiatric

symptoms

b)

Enhance cognitive

performance

c)

Decreased cardiovascular

risk

d)

Improved immune function

e)

Allostatic overload and

increased disease risk

166.

When someone has elevated TSH

while the T3 and T4 levels are at a

normal range, what condition is it

called?

a)

Primary hyperthyroidism

b)

Hyperthyroidism

c)

Secondary hyperthyroidism

d)

Primary hypothyroidism

e)

Pituitary gland abnormality

167.

Which of these is a steroid

hormone that has receptors on the

surface of target cells?

a)

PTH

b)

Epinephrine

c)

Estrogen

d)

Tiroksin

e)

Insulin

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