Font size
WorksheetsGross Anatomy Review
Total questions: 68
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which of the following is one of the principal steps in the process of cell division?
Photosynthesis
Mitosis
Respiration
Digestion
How is cell division related to the potential of cells to form cancer?
Cell division prevents cancer
Cell division has no relation to cancer
Uncontrolled cell division can lead to cancer
Cell division cures cancer
What are the principal characteristics of epithelial cells?
They conduct electrical impulses
They are involved in photosynthesis
They form protective layers and are involved in absorption and secretion
They store fat
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
What occurs during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
DNA replication
Cell growth and protein manufacture
Cell division
Cytokinesis
In which phase do cells complete mitosis and start the cycle over again?
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Which of the following cells can divide as needed but do not normally divide unless there is some loss of tissue?
Epithelial cells in gut
Adipose cells
Nerve cells
Skin cells
Which cells never seem to divide?
Liver cells
Fibroblasts
Nerve cells
Epithelial cells in gut
Which of the following cells are included in the category of cells that can divide as needed?
Skin cells
Muscle cells
Fibroblasts
Bone marrow precursors to red and white blood cells
Which stage of mitosis involves chromosomes condensing and the nuclear membrane disappearing?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
Telophase
During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the center, guided by microtubules from spindles?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
In which stage of mitosis do microtubules (spindle fibers) pull the chromosomes apart?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What happens during the telophase stage of mitosis?
Chromosomes condense
Chromosomes line up in the center
Microtubules pull the chromosomes apart
Two nuclei are restored
What is the process called when two daughter cells split apart to begin the cycle anew?
Prophase
Metaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
What is the process of normal cell division called?
Meiosis
Cytokinesis
Mitosis
Apoptosis
What will happen to a cell if microtubules are disassociated?
The cell will continue to divide normally.
The cell will freeze in mid-metaphase.
The cell will undergo apoptosis.
The cell will enter interphase.
What happens during the prophase stage of cell division?
Chromosomes line up in a row in the center
Chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down
Chromosomes are pulled apart
New sister cells pull apart, nucleus re-forms
In which stage of cell division do new sister cells pull apart and the nucleus re-forms?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What are tissues?
A group of cells that perform different functions
A group of cells that perform the same general function
A group of organs that perform the same function
A group of cells that do not perform any function
How many basic tissue types are there in the body?
Two
Three
Four
Five
Where does the epithelium get it's nutrients from? Select 2.
Apical surface
Connective tissue underneath
Basal lamina
Blood vessels inside the epithelium
What is one of the functions of the epithelium?
It stores fat.
It keeps fluid compartments separate from underlying tissues.
It produces red blood cells.
It transports oxygen.
What helps attach the bottom surface of an epithelial cell to the underlying tissues?
Apical surface
Blood vessels
Basal lamina
Lamina cribosa
What is the function of desmosomes in epithelial cells?
To prevent the passage of molecules between cells
To anchor cells to the basement membrane
To hold adjacent cells together
To facilitate communication between cells
Which structure is responsible for cell-to-cell communication in epithelial cells?
Tight junction
Desmosome
Gap junction
Basal lamina
What are the three types of muscles? Select 3
Smooth
Skeletal
Nervous
Cardiac
Which muscle type has striations, central nuclei, and gap junctions?
Smooth
Skeletal
Nervous
Cardiac
What is the triggering factor that allows muscle contraction to start?
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium
Carbon
What is the ratio of neuron to muscle when innervating an eye muscle?
1:2000
1:20
1:500
1:20000
Muscle spindles send information about muscle (a) to the CNS.
Connective tissue is made up of what three things? Select 3.
Ground substance
Protein Fibers
Cells
Myofibrils
Where is hydroxyapatite found?
Bone
Cartilage
Tendons
All of the above
Where are proteoglycans found?
Bone
Cartilage
Tendons
All of the above
What is the main difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?
Made of Collagen
Ground substance
Arrangement of fibers
Contains fibrocytes
What type of collagen makes up cartilage?
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Type 4
What is the function of an osteoblast?
Build bone on top of existing bone
Break down bone
Strip bone for repair
Build bone from scratch
How many pairs of ribs do humans have?
10
12
14
16
How does blood from the body return back to the heart? Select 2.
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Pulmonary Vein
Where does the heartbeat start?
AV Node
SA Node
Bundle of His
Neurotransmission
The Sympathetic Nervous System will cause the heart rate to (a) .
The systolic blood pressure value is defined as what?
Heart relaxes, ventricular pressure decreases
Pulmonary pressure increases in the lungs
Pressure in arteries = pressure of left ventricle contraction
Approximately 80 mmHg
(a) carry blood to organs, tissues, and peripheral structures.
What three layers make up the blood vessel walls? Select 3.
Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa
Which are larger in size?
Veins
Arteries
Which have higher pressure?
Veins
Arteries
Where do lymph nodes ultimately drain?
Vena Cava
Cerebral Artery
Dural Venous Sinus
Jugular Vein
What three branches come off the aorta? Select 3.
Brachiocephalic Artery
Right Common Carotid Artery
Left Subclavian Artery
Right Subclavian Artery
Left Common Carotid Artery
At what angle does the right primary bronchus make?
15 degrees
25 degrees
37 degrees
90 degrees
Where does the trachea bifurcate of the two primary bronchi called?
Caruncle
Chiasm
Fork
Carina
What are the innermost cells within the lumen of the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Simple cuboidal cells
Submucosal endothelium
Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
Bronchiole
Alveolar duct
Alveoli
Pulmonary arteriole
What in the lungs decreases the surface tension?
Alveolus
Surfactant
Oxygen
Red Blood Cells
The diaphragm gets pulled (a) when inhaling.
Exhaling requires the diaphragm to do what? Select 2.
Relax
Contract
Move downward
Move upward
What are the functions of your kidneys? Select all that apply.
Eliminate waste
Hormone production
Regulation of blood pressure
Regulation of blood osmolarity
Which two are true? Select 2.
Efferent = away from structure
Afferent = away from structure
Efferent = toward structure
Afferent = toward structure
In the Kidneys, blood enters through the _____ arteriole and leaves through the _____ arteriole.
(a)
Where in the kidney is the Loop of Henle located?
Medulla
Cortex
Papilla
Glomerulus
What cells detect the sodium concentration in the distal convoluted tubule?
Juxtaglomerular cells
Angiotensin cell
Macula Densa cells
Angiotensinogen
What does the outer layer of our adrenal glands produce?
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Cortisol
Catecholamines
What is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles in your digestive tract to move a bolus called?
Eructation
Peristalsis
Cyanocobalamin
Chyme
What enzyme breaks down proteins into smaller peptides?
Intrinsic Factor
Vitamin A
Acetylcholinesterase
Pepsin
What is the optimal pH in the stomach?
1
3
7
9
What is the pH in the duodenum?
1
3
7
9
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Trypsin
Pepsin
Amylase
Lactase
What is the function of the liver? Select all that apply.
Manufacture blood proteins
Manufacture bile
Manufacture white blood cells
Regulate blood sugar
Which lobe of the liver is larger?
Left
Right
Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?
Exocrine
Endocrine
Both!
