The places on Earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains and volcanoes were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate. Each plate is slowly moving relative to each other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries. How will you relate the distributions of mountain ranges, earthquake epicenters, and volcanoes on the Earth's surface?

According to the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates. There are seven large plates and a number of smaller ones, including the Philippine Plate. The plate moves very slowly but constantly, and this movement is called tectonics. Based on the given statement, which theory states that pieces of Earth's crust are in constant, slow motion driven by movement in the mantle?

Majority of the islands in the Philippine archipelago are considered as part of the Philippine Mobile Belt. These islands were formed 65 million years ago at the southern edge of the Philippine Sea Plate and are considered as part of island arcs. There were formation of trenches and active volcanic chain and shallow earthquakes. Some of the known active volcanoes in this chain are Pinatubo in Central Luzon and Taal in Batangas. Why did the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes help confirm plate tectonic theory?

Raphael is a Grade 10 student at Francisco Osorio Integrated Senior High School. He learned about the West Valley Fault also known as the Big One. At school, his teacher discussed the importance of being prepared when a disaster comes. The school often conducts drill and he always make it a point to be able to attend the drill. He followed the necessary precautions needed when an earthquake comes. Why is it important to be aware of places prone to earthquakes and to be prepared for it?

The Great Rift Valley System, which runs from the Middle East to Mozambique in the south, is the most popular rift valley on the planet. This geologically active region is characterized by having volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and frequent earthquakes. What type of plate boundary exists on a certain island if you can find rift valley?

The Himalayas run the length of India's northeastern coast and cross through India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Bhutan, and Nepal. The Greater Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, and Outer Himalayas are three parallel mountain ranges in the Himalayan range. They continue to grow at a rate of 1 cm per year, which will amount to 10 km in a million years. The Himalayas are a geologic feature that resulted from the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate. Which of the following statements best describes the Himalayas?

In transform plate boundary, two plates slide past each other. The fracture zone that forms a transform plate boundary is known as a transform fault. Most transform fault boundaries are found in the oceans; a few are on the continents. An example of this type is the San Andreas Fault. Where is it located?

The following are the secondary effect of movement of the plates, which of the following is NOT?

Which of these is NOT true about the Philippines islands?

Crustal plate A is moving away from crustal plate B. What is the expected average rate of change in position between A and B?

You are an oceanographer and want to map the ocean floor on the east coast of the Philippines. As you do your study, you notice that there is a portion in the ocean floor which is relatively much deeper than the rest. What most likely is that deeper part?

Why did the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes help confirm plate tectonic theory?

What feature in California is responsible for its earthquakes?

The lithosphere is the Earth's rocky outer layer and is considered the coolest and the most rigid layer. This layer is composed of the upper mantle and the crust. There are two types of crust on Earth: oceanic crust and continental crust. Continental crust is granite, while the oceanic crust is basalt, a volcanic lava rock. Which of the following statements is correct about oceanic crust and continental crust?

Circum-Pacific Belt is another name for the Pacific Ring of Fire. It traces boundaries between several tectonic plates-including the Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Indian-Australian, Nazca, North American, and Philippine Plates. Along much of the Ring of Fire, plates collide at convergent boundaries known as subduction zones. The plate beneath is pushed down or subducted by the plate above. Subducted rock melts and turns into magma. There are 15 countries in the Pacific Ring of Fire, and the Philippines is one of these countries. Which of the following statements BEST describes the countries in the Pacific Ring of Fire?

What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth's lithosphere into several plates?

Earthquake releases seismic waves in the Earth's lithosphere. What makes up the lithosphere?

Right in the middle of an island, you can find a rift valley. What type of plate boundary exists on that island?

Plates A and B shows a divergent plate boundary. If plate C is adjacent to both plates and does not show any relative motion, what type of plate boundary is present between A and C?

What geologic event is most likely to happen at the given type of plate boundary in number 19?

When an oceanic crust meets oceanic crust along a convergent boundary, which plate is most likely to be subducted?

When a convergent boundary occurs between two oceanic plates, what will happen to one of those plates?

Why does the oceanic crust sink beneath the continental crust at the subduction zone?

Formation of rift valleys and oceanic ridges are indications that the crust is spreading or splitting apart. In this case, plates are forming divergent plate boundaries wherein they tend to move apart. Most divergent boundaries are situated along underwater mountain ranges called oceanic ridges. As the plates separate, new materials from the mantle ooze up to fill the gap. Aside from oceanic ridges, rift valleys are also formed. Based on the given statements, how are rift valleys formed?

I. The breaking leads to the formation of down faulted valleys called rift valleys.

II. When a spreading center develops within a continent, the crust may break into several segments.

III. It is associated with the rising of hot materials from the mantle.

IV. The rift valley increases its length and depth as the spreading continues.