WorksheetsLearning Objectives Related to Cardiac Patients
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
What is one of the learning objectives related to cardiac patients?
Demonstrate knowledge of dietary plans
Understand the purpose of cardiac medications
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of applications of new technologies used on cardiac patients
Learn about the history of cardiology
Which learning objective involves distinguishing between different types of tests?
Distinguish between invasive and non-invasive tests and modalities used to examine heart function
Distinguish between different types of cardiac medications
Distinguish between various heart diseases
Distinguish between different types of dietary plans
What is the purpose of understanding the signs and symptoms of disease according to the learning objectives?
To create new treatment plans
To correlate them with means of assessment, intervention, or treatment
To develop new medications
To improve dietary habits
What is an invasive medical procedure?
A procedure that does not involve breaking the skin barrier
A procedure that involves cutting or puncturing the skin
A procedure that is always non-invasive
A procedure that is less expensive
When should invasive procedures be performed?
When non-invasive procedures yield the same information
Without proper equipment
Only in an appropriate setting with trained personnel
Whenever they are less expensive
What defines a non-invasive procedure?
Involves entering the body
Does not involve breaking the skin barrier
Always requires cutting the skin
Is more expensive than invasive procedures
What views are used in plain radiography for an X-ray?
PA and lateral views
AP and oblique views
Lateral and oblique views
AP and PA views
In a PA projection, which direction does the patient face?
Away from the x-ray cassette
Towards the x-ray cassette
Towards the x-ray tube
Away from the x-ray tube
What structures are included in the right border of a chest X-ray?
SVC, Asc. Ao, RA, IVC
Ao arch, PA, LV
Trachea, bronchi, hilum
Diaphragm, liver, spleen
What is the maximum percentage of the chest width that the heart should occupy in a chest X-ray?
30%
40%
50%
60%
What does an electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) detect?
Electrical activity of the heart
Blood pressure levels
Blood sugar levels
Body temperature
In which setting is an ECG commonly used as a diagnostic screening tool?
Emergency Room (ER)
Dental Clinic
Optometrist's Office
Physical Therapy Center
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ECG?
Easy to perform
Invasive procedure
Repeatable
Used for follow-up
An ECG can be used in conjunction with which type of test?
Exercise stress test
Vision test
Hearing test
Allergy test
What type of information does echocardiography assess?
Anatomic and physiologic
Chemical and biological
Genetic and molecular
Psychological and emotional
What is the prime modality of echocardiography?
Invasive and stationary
Portable, A/P, noninvasive
Chemical and reactive
Genetic and hereditary
Which two main windows are used in 2D imaging for echocardiography?
Transverse and longitudinal
Parietal and occipital
Parasternal and apical
Frontal and sagittal
What is the patient positioning for echocardiography?
Supine
Prone
LLD (Left Lateral Decubitus)
Standing
Which of the following is a mode used in echocardiography?
X-ray
M-MODE
MRI
CT Scan
What does PW in PW DOPPLER stand for in echocardiography?
Pulse Width
Pulse Wave
Power Wave
Pressure Wave
Which Doppler technique is used to measure blood flow velocities in echocardiography?
CW DOPPLER
X-ray DOPPLER
MRI DOPPLER
CT DOPPLER
Which of the following is NOT a type of Doppler used in echocardiography?
PW DOPPLER
CW DOPPLER
CF DOPPLER
UV DOPPLER
What is the normal flow velocity in a normal diastolic function as shown in the color M-mode?
Less than 30 cm/sec
40 cm/sec
Greater than 50 cm/sec
60 cm/sec
What pattern is observed in a normal M-mode color pattern?
Horizontal M-mode color pattern
Nearly vertical M-mode color pattern
Circular M-mode color pattern
Diagonal M-mode color pattern
What happens to the flow propagation velocity with restrictive ventricular filling?
It increases
It remains the same
It decreases
It fluctuates
In which condition is the flow propagation velocity increased?
Restrictive ventricular filling
Constrictive pericarditis
Normal diastolic function
Heart failure
What is the name of the probe shown in the image?
Doppler Probe
Pedoff Probe
Ultrasound Probe
Stethoscope
What is a Pedoff probe primarily used for?
Obtaining high velocities
Creating 3D images
Measuring temperature
Detecting electrical signals
What type of Doppler does a Pedoff probe use?
Pulsed wave Doppler
Continuous wave Doppler
Color Doppler
Power Doppler
What is a limitation of the Pedoff probe?
It cannot measure blood pressure
It has a large footprint
It provides no simultaneous 2D image
It is too expensive
What is the Pedoff probe used to measure in severe cases?
Blood sugar levels
Velocity for severe AS and MS
Heart rate
Oxygen saturation
What is the initial step in obtaining an apical 5 chamber view using a Pedoff probe?
Use the regular transducer
Angle the patient's head back
Angle medially from the 3rd intercostal space
Switch to a suprasternal view
In the suprasternal window, where should the transducer be angled towards?
The patient's right clavicle
The aortic root
The 4th intercostal space
The left ventricle
For the right parasternal window, from which intercostal space should the angle be made?
1st
3rd
5th
6th
What type of probe must be used when AS velocity is close to or more than 3 m/s?
Imaging probe
Pedoff probe
Linear probe
Curved probe
How many standard views should the CW Doppler transducer be utilized at a minimum?
1
2
3
4
What should be done if unable to obtain velocity?
Skip the measurement
Type "FAILED" on the image
Type "ATTEMPTED" with the location on the image
Restart the procedure
What are the two best transducer positions for Doppler investigation of systolic blood flow across the aortic valve?
Apical and Subcostal
Parasternal and Apical
Suprasternal and Subcostal
Right Parasternal and Subcostal
What is the purpose of using a Pedoff probe in Doppler ultrasound?
To measure blood pressure
To assess heart valve function
To monitor fetal development
To detect bone fractures
Which window is NOT shown in the Doppler of AV using Pedoff probe image?
Apical Window
Right Parasternal Window
Suprasternal Notch
Left Parasternal Window
What is the main difference in the curve pattern between MR and AS Doppler signals?
MR has a sharper peak velocity
AS has a rounder curve pattern
MR has a rounder curve pattern
Both have the same curve pattern
During which phases does MR occur in the cardiac cycle?
Only during IVCT
Only during IVRT
During both IVCT and IVRT
After IVCT and before IVRT
When does AS occur in relation to IVCT and IVRT?
During both IVCT and IVRT
After IVCT and ends before IVRT
Only during IVCT
Only during IVRT
What is the best window to obtain the highest AV velocity due to the angle of the ultrasound beam in relation to the aortic valve?
Left parasternal window
Right parasternal window
Apical window
Subcostal window
Where should the probe be placed to obtain the RPS velocity?
2nd left intercostal space
3rd right intercostal space
4th left intercostal space
5th right intercostal space
How should the patient be positioned to obtain the RPS velocity?
Lying on their left side
Lying on their back
Lying on their right side
Sitting upright
What does myocardial motion measure?
Distance and velocity
Temperature and pressure
Volume and density
Mass and energy
Which moves faster, blood or muscle?
Muscle
Blood
Both move at the same speed
Neither moves
What are the characteristics of Doppler shifts from blood movement?
Low velocity and high amplitude
High velocity and low amplitude
High velocity and high amplitude
Low velocity and low amplitude
What is the purpose of system presets when performing Tissue Doppler?
To enhance high velocity signals
To filter out high velocity low amplitude signals
To increase amplitude of all signals
To decrease velocity of all signals
What is the primary focus of the image shown?
Continuous Wave Doppler
Pulsed Tissue Doppler
Color Doppler
Spectral Doppler
What is the early-diastolic filling velocity represented by in the pulsed tissue Doppler?
A'
E'
E/A'
E/E'
Where are signals recorded from for the evaluation of diastolic function in pulsed tissue Doppler?
Only the septal wall
Only the lateral wall
Both septal and lateral walls
Neither septal nor lateral walls
At what point are recordings made in pulsed tissue Doppler?
During deep inhalation
During normal quiet respiration
During rapid exhalation
During physical exertion
What is the purpose of adding color Doppler in pulsed tissue Doppler?
To measure blood pressure
To visualize wall motion
To calculate heart rate
To assess lung function
What is the E' velocity threshold for Pseudonormal Filling Moderate Grade II diastolic dysfunction?
Less than 8 cm/s
Greater than 8 cm/s
Equal to 8 cm/s
Less than 10 cm/s
In Pseudonormal Filling Moderate Grade II, what is the range for the ratio of E to E'?
Between 9 and 14
Greater than 15
Less than 9
Between 5 and 10
For Restrictive Filling Severe Grade III, what is the minimum ratio of E to E'?
Greater than or equal to 15
Less than 15
Equal to 10
Between 9 and 14
What is the Tissue Doppler E'/A' ratio for Pseudonormal Filling Moderate Grade II?
Less than 1
Greater than 1
Equal to 1
Less than 0.5
What does Pulsed Tissue Doppler analyze?
Myocardial velocities within a sample gate
Myocardial velocities within a color sector
Myocardial velocities within the entire heart
Myocardial velocities within the apex only
What is the function of Color Tissue Doppler?
Analyzes myocardial velocities within a sample gate
Analyzes myocardial velocities within a color sector
Analyzes myocardial velocities within the entire heart
Analyzes myocardial velocities within the apex only
Why doesn't the apex of the heart move much during the cardiac cycle?
It is fixed to the diaphragm by pericardium and connective tissue
It is not involved in the cardiac cycle
It is too heavy to move
It is controlled by external forces
What does the contraction of the myocardium from the apex to the point of measurement affect?
Velocities in one region depend on function in that region
Velocities in one region do not depend on function in that region
Velocities in one region are independent of myocardial contraction
Velocities in one region are solely dependent on external factors
