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Worksheets8.9A Life Cycle of Stars & HR Diagram
Total questions: 198
Worksheet time: 5hrs 42mins
What characteristics are used to classify stars?
Flammability, weight, and reactivity
Temperature/color and brightness
Conductivity, luster, and density
Malleability, distance, and viscoscity
Using the HR diagram, choose the color of Zeta Eridani
blue
white
yellow
red
Which star is hotter than Deneb
Procyon
Sun
Regel
Banard's Star
Which star is brighter than the sun?
Sirius B
Procyon B
Van Maanan's Star
Aldebaran
Which star is brighter than Alpha Centauri B, but dimmer than the sun?
Pollux
Spica
Tau Ceti
Mira
Which star is considered a giant star?
Mira
Zeta Arindani
Barnard's Star
Betelgeuse
Knowing the color of a star also tells us its __________
age
location
temperature
name
(or brightness)
How does the mass of a hot, bright main sequence star compare to a cool, faint main sequence star?
They have more mass
They have the same mass
They have less mass
Which of these observations of Barnard’s Star is most likely accurate?
Barnard's star is less bright than sun and cooler
Barnard's star is brighter than the sun but hotter
Barnard's star is less bright than our sun but hotter
Barnard's star is equal in brightness and temperature to the sun
sort of cool, dim (not too much light), and red?
Which best describes stars located in area A
Bright and Hot
Cooler and bright
Dim and hot
Dim and colder
Which description best describes area B
Brighter and Hotter
Brighter and Cooler
Dimmer and cooler
Dimmer and Hotter
Which best describes stars in area C
Brighter and Hotter
Brighter an Cooler
Dim and Hotter
Dim and Cooler
Which best describes area D?
Brighter and Cooler
Brighter and Hotter
Dimer and Cooler
Dimmer and Hotter
What does the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram plot stars based on?
Mass and size
Absolute brightness and surface temperature
Distance from Earth and age
Color and speed
On the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, where are the main sequence stars primarily located?
Along a band that runs from the top left to the bottom right
Clustered at the top right corner
Scattered randomly throughout the diagram
Grouped at the bottom left corner
According to the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram in your notebook, where is the Sun located?
In the white dwarf region
In the supergiant region
On the main sequence
In the giant branch region
Which of the following is the best explanation for the difference in color of two bright stars in a constellation, where one appears red and the other appears blue?
The blue star must be moving toward Earth and the red star away from Earth.
The red star must be moving toward Earth and the blue star away from Earth.
The red star must have a greater surface temperature compared to the blue star.
The blue star must have a greater surface temperature compared to the red star.
What is a limitation of using apparent magnitude rather than absolute brightness when measuring the brightness of a star?
Apparent magnitude does not use the star's color or temperature.
Apparent magnitude is only theoretical, thus its value cannot be directly measured with equipment.
Apparent magnitude does not take into account the fact that not all stars are the same distance from Earth.
Apparent magnitude is only on a comparative scale that determines how bright a star looks from a theoretical distance of 32 light-years from Earth.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding main sequence stars?
Red giant stars are part of the main sequence group.
Most stars visible from Earth are main sequence stars.
As surface temperature increases, absolute brightness increases.
Main sequence stars are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium gas.
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between galaxies and stars?
A galaxy contains many stars.
A star contains many galaxies.
A star contains only one galaxy.
A galaxy contains only one star.
NGC 1232 is a spiral galaxy about twice the size of our Milky Way Galaxy. It is located about 100 million light-years from Earth. Which of the following best explains why the physical properties of these two galaxies are similar?
The temperatures of the stars within each galaxy are all identical.
The two galaxies have the same shape and both orbit the same star.
The two galaxies formed from the same materials and in the same way.
All of the stars making up each galaxy are at the same stage of their life cycles as the Sun.
Due to the size of the Universe and the number of galaxies and stars in it, scientists must devise indirect ways to study it. Which of the following represents the best way for scientists to study the Universe?
Scientists should create a graph showing a comparison of the relative sizes of all the galaxies and stars.
Scientists should develop a gridded map and then number the known galaxies and stars and record their locations.
Scientists should build a physical model that demonstrates the relative sizes and locations of all known galaxies and stars.
Scientists should make a computer model of known galaxies and stars that allows for unknowns and modify it as new discoveries are made.
Which of the following star types is the BRIGHTEST?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which of the following star types is LEAST BRIGHT?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which star stage could belong to Spectral Class K and have the lowest luminosity?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which star stage could belong to Spectral Class K and have the highest luminosity?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Select ALL star stages that have greater luminosity than our Sun.
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which star stage does our Sun belong to?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which star stage is generally the HOTTEST?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which star stage is generally the COOLEST?
Supergiant
Giant
Main Sequence
White Dwarf
Which comparison is correct?
Supergiants are hotter and brighter than White Dwarfs
Supergiants are hotter and less bright than White Dwarfs
Supergiants are cooler and brighter than White Dwarfs
Supergiants are cooler and less bright than White Dwarfs
Which comparison is correct?
Giants are brighter than Superigants
Giants are just as bright as Supergiants
Giants are less bright than Supergiants
Giants do not have a brightness
sort of cool, dim (not too much light), and red?
In ______________ ______________ stars, hydrogen atoms fuse into helium and energy is released in a process called fusion.
supernova
pulsar
main sequence
white dwarfs
A small, hot star resulting from an average mass star is called a ----- .
white dwarf
red dwarf
supergiant
protostar
The best description of a super giant star would be -
hot and bright
hot and dim
average brightness and temp
cool and bright
________________ waves are the largest on the electromagnetic spectrum. For this reason they need ______________ satellite dishes to collect them.
visible, fewer
gamma, smaller
radio, very large
light, two
Our sun is one of billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy; which is a _________________________ galaxy.
elliptical
spiral
elongated
irregular
Galaxies are collections of gas, dust, and billions of stars held together by _________________.
fusion
gravity
the big bang
black holes nearby
What is the shape of our galaxy?
spiral
elliptical
irregular
What is the best description of a nebula?
a cloud of gas and dust that produce light due to fusion
a large group of stars held together by gravity
a star and planets held together by gravity
a cloud of gas and dust where stars are formed
Which has the LONGEST wavelength and, therefore, the lowest frequency/energy.
Gamma Rays
Radio Waves
Visible Light
Infrared rays
Radio waves are collected by very very large telescope dishes. Why do this dishes have to be so large?
radio wave have high energy
radio waves are very large themselves
radio wave travel slower than other types of radiation
radio waves are small
Look at the H-R diagram. Which star is
sort of cool, dim (not too much light), and red?
Betelguse
Sirius B
Procyon B
Barnard's star
Our sun is currently a ______________________ then will become a _________________________ and lastly a _______________________.
main sequence, red giant, super giant
main sequence, red dwarf, white dwarf
main sequence, red giant, white dwarf
main sequence, red giant, red dwarf
Our sun is in a disk shaped galaxy located at which position?
A
B
C
What list below is in the correct order of smallest to largest objects?
nebula, star, planet, galaxy
star, planet, nebula, galaxy
planet, star, nebula, galaxy
galaxy, nebula, star, planet
What type of light has a wavelength of 10 -5?
visible
infrared
radio
gamma
What star phase happens when an average star expands its outer layers to increase in size and luminosity (brightness)?
Neutron star
White Dwarf star
Red Giant star
Black Hole
Massive stars life cycles come to a close with an explosive Supernova phase which leads to which two outcomes?
A black hole and a neutron star
A black hole and a Red Supergiant
A pulsar and a main sequence star
A planetary nebula and a new planet
Which category of stars are very hot, but not very bright?
Blue Giants
Red Giants
White Dwarfs
Red Supergiants
What type of star is the Sun classified as?
A red giant star
A red supergiant star
A neutron star
A main sequence star
Most stars of lower mass are more stable, and more common in our universe. These average stars are known as...
Main Sequence stars
White Dwarfs
Red Giants
Pulsars
A collection of gas and dust where new stars are born is known as a...
Planetary Nebula
Black Hole
Supernova
Stellar Nebula
The remnants of a Red Giant star after shedding its outer layers are the _______________ and ________________.
Planetary Nebula and a White Dwarf
Neutron Star and a Pulsar
Neutron Star and a Black Hole
Stellar Nebula and a Main sequence star
A black hole is an area where even light cannot escape, what is the cause of this phenomenon?
The size of a black hole
The luminosity of a black hole
The gravity of a black hole
The depth of a black hole
Which star would be very hot and very bright?
Rigel
Sirius
Alpha Centauri B
Betelgeuse
Which phase of a star results in an explosion sending dust, gas, and radiation into space?
Red Giant
Supernova
Black Hole
White Dwarf
The edge of a black hole where light and matter cannot escape from is called the...
Gravity Well
Outer rim
Edge of Darkness
Event Horizon
Which of the following pieces of information are given by an H-R diagram? Check all that apply.
Temperature of the star
Color of the star
Planets around the star
Location of the star
Which group of stars is not very hot, but is extremely bright?
White Dwarfs
Blue Giants
Red Supergiants
Main Sequence
Which category of star is the Sun found in on an H-R Diagram?
Red Giants
Main Sequence
Blue Giants
White Dwarfs
What determines the life cycle path that a star will take?
Mass of the star
Temperature of the star
Location of the star
Speed of a star's rotation
Stars are formed from big clouds of gas and dust is known as:
dust cloud
space fog
neutron clouds
nebulae
A star is born when:
nuclear fusion starts
a nebula becomes a protostar
gases in a nebula condense
hydrogen is used up in fusion processes
Once star has ignited and has used up all of the hydrogen are called:
Neutron Star
White Dwarfs
Red Giants
Black Holes
When the core of a Red Giant collapses it becomes a:
White Dwarf
Supernova
Red Supergiant
Black Hole
When a massive star begins to cool and expand it is known as a:
Black Dwarf
Red Giant
Red Supergiant
White Dwarf
When the core of a Red Supergiant collapses, a bright event occurs, known as:
white dwarf
supernova
big bang
black hole
After a supernova, the core can collapse into a neutron star, or if massive enough it can become a:
Black Hole
White Dwarf
Red Supergiant
Black Dwarf
measures how bright a star would be in relation to the sun if all stars were the same distance from the observer
spectrograph
Luminosity
Apparent Magnitude
Photic Strength
Stars are formed from big clouds of gas and dust is known as:
dust cloud
space fog
neutron clouds
nebulae
The main force acting on a nebula is:
thermal expansion
singularities
gravity
microscopic adhesion
A star is born when:
nuclear fusion starts
a nebula becomes a protostar
gases in a nebula condense
hydrogen is used up in fusion processes
The two forces battling it out for the stability of a star are gravitational forces and:
singularity expansion
chemical bonding forces
tidal currents
thermal forces (heat) through convection
A star that has ignited and has used up all of the hydrogen is called:
Neutron Star
White Dwarfs
Red Giants
Black Holes
When the core of a Red Giant collapses it becomes a:
White Dwarf
Supernova
Red Supergiant
Black Hole
When a massive star begins to cool and expand it is known as a:
Black Dwarf
Red Giant
Red Supergiant
White Dwarf
When the core of a Red Supergiant collapses, a bright event occurs, known as:
white dwarf
supernova
big bang
black hole
After a supernova, the core can collapse into a neutron star, or if massive enough it can become a:
Black Hole
White Dwarf
Red Supergiant
Black Dwarf
When a Red Giant's outer atmosphere drifts away it is now known as:
planetary cloud
White dwarf cloud
planetary nebula
expanding nebula
One possible outcome that is left after a supernova is a super dense core called a:
Neutron Star
White Dwarf
Red Giant
Black Dwarf
A black hole is black because:
there is nothing in it
it is too small to see
it is inherently evil
even light cannot escape its gravity
Our sun is currently in what star stage?
Protostar
Nebula
Main Sequence
Red Giant
Main sequence stars are made primarily of which elements?
Hydrogen only
Helium and Carbon
Carbon and Iron
Hydrogen and Helium
A star that has begun nuclear fusion will last for:
millions or even billions of years
a few thousand years
as long as the universe survives
forever
When a nebula condenses and takes on a shape it is called:
a red supergiant
a black hole
a white dwarf
a protostar
The stable and longest lasting period of a star’s life cycle is called:
The birth of a star
Nebula
Neutron star
Main Sequence
What fuel do main sequence stars use?
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Iron
Neutron stars that emit radiowaves are called:
Nebula
Pulsars
Galaxys
Planets
Which term best describes a stellar nursery?
A flaming ball of gas
A cloud of gas and dust
A cloud of thousands of small, young stars
A star system with planets and moons
In the movie, Tim refers to baby stars as "protostars." What can you infer about the prefix "proto-?"
It means "last" or "after"
It means "infinite" or "everlasting"
It means "first" or "before"
It means "large" or "huge"
Place the following stages in the life of a low-mass star, like the sun, in order: A) Red giant; B) White dwarf; C) Main sequence star
C, A, B
A, C, B
B, A, C
B, C, A
Which of the following describes the process of nuclear fusion, as it occurs inside our sun?
Hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine to make water molecules.
Helium atoms split apart to form hydrogen atoms
Water molecules break apart into hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Hydrogen atoms combine to make helium atoms.
What effect does gravity have on stars?
It allows stars to break free of their galaxies
It helps break helium atoms apart inside of stars
It forms stars from clouds of gas and dust, and causes them to ignite
It causes stars to swell from white dwarfs to red giants
What is a supernova?
A type of black hole
An incredibly dense but small star
A star that is large and not dense
The explosion of a large star
How does a white dwarf compare to our sun as it exists now?
It has a similar mass, but is much denser.
It has a larger mass, but is less dense.
It has more mass, and is more dense
It has less mass, and is less dense.
What will a star that's 1,000 times as massive as the sun ultimately become?
A white dwarf
A black hole
A planetary nebula
A red giant
Which of the following depicts a planetary nebula?
How is a neutron star different from a regular star?
It emits electromagnetic pulses
It has an almost infinite density
It burns brighter than a galaxy with a billion stars
It has less mass and greater gravity
A big cloud of dust and gas where all
stars begin their life cycle is called a
solar system
universe
galaxy
nebula
Which is the stage where a massive star
explodes and releases a lot of energy?
Red supergiant
Supernova
Black hole
Main sequence
Our sun is among the most massive stars in our galaxy.
true
false
Stars develop from white dwarfs.
true
false
The relative brightness and temperature of a star change over time.
true
false
a life-cycle stage of stars
nebula
main sequence
neutron star
Stars are formed from big clouds of gas and dust is known as:
dust cloud
space fog
neutron clouds
nebulae
A star is born when:
nuclear fusion starts
a nebula becomes a protostar
gases in a nebula condense
hydrogen is used up in fusion processes
Once star has ignited and has used up all of the hydrogen are called:
Neutron Star
White Dwarfs
Red Giants
Black Holes
When the core of a Red Giant collapses it becomes a:
White Dwarf
Supernova
Red Supergiant
Black Hole
When a massive star begins to cool and expand it is known as a:
Black Dwarf
Red Giant
Red Supergiant
White Dwarf
When the core of a Red Supergiant collapses, a bright event occurs, known as:
white dwarf
supernova
big bang
black hole
After a supernova, the core can collapse into a neutron star, or if massive enough it can become a:
Black Hole
White Dwarf
Red Supergiant
Black Dwarf
When a Red Giant's outer atmosphere drifts away it is now known as:
planetary cloud
White dwarf cloud
planetary nebula
expanding nebula
One possible outcome that is left after a supernova is a super dense core called a:
Neutron Star
White Dwarf
Red Giant
Black Dwarf
A black hole is black because:
there is nothing in it
it is too small to see
it is inherently evil
even light cannot escape its gravity
Our sun is currently in what star stage?
Protostar
Nebula
Main Sequence
Red Giant
Main sequence stars are made primarily of which elements?
Hydrogen only
Helium and Carbon
Carbon and Iron
Hydrogen and Helium
A star that has begun nuclear fusion will last for:
millions of years
a few thousand years
as long as the universe survives
forever
When a nebula condenses and takes on a shape it is called:
a red supergiant
a black hole
a white dwarf
a protostar
The stable and longest lasting period of a star’s life cycle is called:
The birth of a star
Nebula
Neutron star
Main Sequence
What is a celestial body that is composed of gas and emits light from nuclear fusion reactions?
Nebula
Star
Galaxy
Planet
The explosion of a massive dying star is know as a (a) .
A giant cloud of gas and dust in space that can collect due to gravity is known as a (a) .
Stars are dynamic. The go through lifecycles.
True
False
The life cycle a star will go through depends on the star's (a) .
A medium mass star like our Sun will go through which of the following phases during its life cycle. Check all that apply.
main sequence
red giant
super red giant
white dwarf
supernova
Our Sun is currently in what phase of its life cycle.
Nebula
Main sequence
Red Giant
White Dwarf
Our Sun is currently 4.6 _____ years old.
thousand
million
billion
trillion
Massive stars stay in the main sequence for _____ of years.
thousands
millions
billions
trillions
Supernovas last _____ of years
thousands
millions
billions
trillions
What are the 2 possible final stages of a high mass star. Check all that apply.
White Dwarf
Supernova
Neutron Star
Black Hole
What are the last names of the scientists who developed the H-R Diagram?
Hoover and Reynolds
Hertzsprung and Russell
Haverdink and Robinson
Hobbs and Radimaker
What 2 measurable qualities of stars are plotted on the axis of the H-R Diagram? Check all that apply.
luminosity
mass
temperature
size
Using the H-R diagram astronomers can know a star’s internal structure and evolutionary stage simply by determining its position in the diagram.
True
False
A star in the main sequence is a star that ____. Check all that apply.
is fusing hydrogen in its core
is stable
is dying
is burning hydrogen in the atmosphere around its core
A White Dwarf is a small very dense star that is typically the size of a planet. A white dwarf is formed when a low-mass star has exhausted all its central nuclear fuel and lost its outer layers as a planetary nebula.
True
False
What 2 forces are balances in a star that is in the main sequence of its life cycle? Check all that apply.
gravity
fission
fusion
friction
Fusion reactions take place faster in _____.
low mass stars
high mass stars
As fusion takes place in stars, heavier and heavier elements are produced.
True
False
Most of the energy in the Universe is produced as stars undergo fusion.
True
False
Elements heavier than iron are produced in normal star nucleosynthesis (fusion).
True
False
More than likely, you are made up of star dust.
True
False
