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AP Exam pages 13 and 14

Total questions: 35

Worksheet time: 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the permissive effect of hormones?

a)
The permissive effect of hormones refers to the suppression of one hormone by another.
b)
The permissive effect of hormones is the ability of hormones to function independently.
c)
The permissive effect of hormones is the direct conversion of one hormone into another.
d)
The permissive effect of hormones refers to the ability of one hormone to enhance the action of another hormone.
2.

Multiple hormones act together for greater effect

a)
Hormones are always antagonistic.
b)
Hormones only work independently.
c)
Synergistic effect of hormones.
d)
Hormones have no interaction.
3.

One hormone enhances the target organ’s response to a second later hormone

a)
Permissive hormone
b)
Synergistic hormone
c)
Antagonistic hormone
d)
Agonistic hormone
4.

One hormone opposes the action of another

a)
Neutral hormone
b)
Complementary hormone
c)
Synergistic hormone
d)

Antagonistic hormone

5.

Which organs are responsible for most hormone degradation?

a)
Liver and kidneys
b)
Stomach and intestines
c)
Pancreas and spleen
d)
Heart and lungs
6.

locally acting chemicals that affect other nearby cells of the same tissue

a)
Endocrine signals
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Autocrine signals
d)
Paracrine signals
7.

chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them

a)
Autocrine signals
b)
Paracrine signals
c)
Neurotransmitters
d)
Endocrine signals
8.

What are the functions of blood?

a)

The functions of blood include transport, protection, regulation

b)
Blood functions as a storage medium for waste products.
c)
Blood is mainly responsible for digestion.
d)
Blood primarily serves as a source of energy.
9.

O2 and nutrients; metabolic wastes; hormones

a)

regulation

b)

protection

c)

Transport

10.

preventing blood loss and infection

a)

transport

b)

protection

c)

regulation

11.

temperature; pH; fluid volume

a)

transportation

b)

regulation

c)

protection

12.

What is in the buffy coat of a blood sample?

a)
Only red blood cells
b)
Red blood cells and plasma
c)
Only white blood cells
d)

White blood cells (WBCS) and platelets

13.

What is the normal range of the hematocrit?

a)
30% to 40% for men; 28% to 36% for women.
b)
50% to 60% for men; 45% to 55% for women.
c)
35% to 45% for men; 30% to 40% for women.
d)

Males: 47% ± 5%

Females: 42% ± 5%

14.

percent of blood volume that is RBCs

a)

viscosity

b)

osmolarity

c)

Hematocrit

15.

smallest and most abundant plasma protein

a)
Immunoglobulin
b)
Fibrinogen
c)
Albumin
d)
Globulin
16.

What does Albumins do?

a)
Albumins are involved in the digestion of fats.
b)
Albumins are a type of white blood cell.
c)
Albumins are primarily responsible for blood clotting.
d)

Contribute to viscosity and osmolarity; influence blood pressure, flow, and fluid

balance

17.

What factors influence blood osmolarity and viscosity?

a)
Factors influencing blood osmolarity include solute concentration (electrolytes, proteins, glucose); factors influencing viscosity include red blood cell count, plasma proteins, and temperature.
b)
Blood pressure and heart rate
c)
Oxygen levels and carbon dioxide levels
d)
Nutrient absorption and digestion
18.

is the resistance of a fluid to flow, resulting from the cohesion of its particles;

influenced by red blood cell proportion and albumin concentration

a)
density
b)
pressure
c)
temperature
d)
viscosity
19.

blood is the total molarity of the dissolved particles that cannot pass

through the blood vessel wall; influenced by sodium ions, proteins, and red blood cells

a)
hydrostatic pressure
b)
osmotic pressure
c)

Osmolarity

d)
blood viscosity
20.

What is the term for blood cell production?

a)
Leukopoiesis
b)
Erythropoiesis
c)
Hematopoiesis
d)
Thrombopoiesis
21.

is the production of blood, especially its formed elements

a)
Erythropoiesis
b)
Leukopoiesis
c)
Thrombopoiesis
d)
Hematopoiesis
22.

where does Hematopoiesis occur in adults?

a)

Red Bone marrow

b)
Thymus
c)
Liver
d)
Spleen
23.

What are the main functions of erythrocytes?

a)

Carry oxygen from lungs to tissues

Pick up CO2 from tissues and bring to the lungs

b)
Produce hormones
c)
Regulate body temperature
d)
Fight infections
24.

What three features of RBCs support efficient gas exchange?

a)
Presence of a nucleus for more genetic material
b)
Spherical shape for reduced surface area
c)
Rigidity to maintain structure in blood flow
d)
1. Biconcave shape for increased surface area 2. Lack of nucleus and organelles for more hemoglobin 3. Flexibility to pass through capillaries
25.

What is the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

a)
Erythropoietin (EPO) enhances white blood cell function.
b)
Erythropoietin (EPO) regulates blood pressure.
c)
Erythropoietin (EPO) decreases red blood cell production.
d)
Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates red blood cell production.
26.

What stimulates its secretion in erythropoietin?

a)
High carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
b)
Excessive hydration of the body.
c)
Increased blood pressure.
d)

Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) in the blood

27.

Stimuli for increasing erythropoiesis

a)
High carbon dioxide levels
b)
Increased platelet production
c)
Excessive hydration
d)
Low oxygen levels, erythropoietin (EPO), increased demand for red blood cells.
28.

How are old erythrocytes broken down?

a)
Old erythrocytes are absorbed by the intestines.
b)

Old erythrocytes are broken down RBC breakdown: heme, iron, and globin are separated

c)
Old erythrocytes are converted into platelets in the bone marrow.
d)
Old erythrocytes are expelled through the kidneys.
29.

is stored for reuse

a)

iron

b)

heme

c)

globin

30.

is degraded to yellow pigment bilirubin

a)
Cholesterol
b)
Hemoglobin
c)
Creatinine
d)

heme

31.

is metabolized into amino acids and released into circulation

a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Fats
c)
Vitamins
d)

globin

32.

What is polycythemia?

a)

Polycythemia is an excess of red blood cells

b)
An autoimmune disorder that targets platelets.
c)
A condition with a decreased number of red blood cells in the bloodstream.
d)
A type of cancer affecting white blood cells.
33.

What are the various causes of polycythemia?

a)
Infections leading to anemia
b)
Primary causes (e.g., polycythemia vera), secondary causes (e.g., chronic hypoxia, tumors), and relative causes (e.g., dehydration).
c)
Genetic mutations only
d)
Vitamin deficiencies causing low blood count
34.

whats Polycythemia?

a)
A condition with a decreased number of red blood cells.
b)
A type of cancer affecting white blood cells.
c)
An autoimmune disorder that attacks platelets.
d)
Polycythemia is a condition with an increased number of red blood cells in the blood.
35.

From dehydration, emphysema, high altitude, or physical conditioning

a)

secondary policythemia

b)
Only dehydration
c)
Only high altitude
d)
Only emphysema

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